scholarly journals Recognition memory with little or no remembering: Implications for a detection model

1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Gardiner ◽  
Vernon H. Gregg
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Detection Model

scholarly journals The unequal variance signal-detection model of recognition memory: Investigating the encoding variability hypothesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1242-1260
Author(s):  
Rory W Spanton ◽  
Christopher J Berry
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Signal Detection ◽  
Psychological Explanation ◽  
Memory Strength ◽  
Unequal Variance ◽  
Detection Model ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Encoding Variability ◽  
Strength Variance ◽  
Back Task

Despite the unequal variance signal-detection (UVSD) model’s prominence as a model of recognition memory, a psychological explanation for the unequal variance assumption has yet to be verified. According to the encoding variability hypothesis, old item memory strength variance (σo) is greater than that of new items because items are incremented by variable, rather than fixed, amounts of strength at encoding. Conditions that increase encoding variability should therefore result in greater estimates of σo. We conducted three experiments to test this prediction. In Experiment 1, encoding variability was manipulated by presenting items for a fixed or variable (normally distributed) duration at study. In Experiment 2, we used an attentional manipulation whereby participants studied items while performing an auditory one-back task in which distractors were presented at fixed or variable intervals. In Experiment 3, participants studied stimuli with either high or low variance in word frequency. Across experiments, estimates of σo were unaffected by our attempts to manipulate encoding variability, even though the manipulations weakly affected subsequent recognition. Instead, estimates of σo tended to be positively correlated with estimates of the mean difference in strength between new and studied items ( d), as might be expected if σo generally scales with d. Our results show that it is surprisingly hard to successfully manipulate encoding variability, and they provide a signpost for others seeking to test the encoding variability hypothesis.

scholarly journals Familiarity or Conceptual Priming: Event-related Potentials in Name Recognition

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Stenberg ◽  
Johan Hellman ◽  
Mikael Johansson ◽  
Ingmar Rosén
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Behavioral Experiment ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Conceptual Priming ◽  
Detection Model ◽  
Recent Interest ◽  
Related Potentials

Recent interest has been drawn to the separate components of recognition memory, as studied by event-related potentials (ERPs). In ERPs, recollection is usually accompanied by a late, parietal positive deflection. An earlier, frontal component has been suggested to be a counterpart, accompanying recognition by familiarity. However, this component, the FN400, has alternatively been suggested to reflect a form of implicit memory, conceptual priming. The present study examined the ERP components of recognition memory using an episodic memory task with a stimulus material consisting of names, half of which were famous. Along a different dimension, the names varied in how rare or common they were. These dimensions, frequency and fame, exerted powerful effects on memory accuracy, and dissociated the two recognition processes, such that frequency gave rise to familiarity and fame fostered recollection, when the receiver operating characteristics data were analyzed with Yonelinas' dual-process signal detection model. The ERPs corresponded fully to the behavioral data because frequency affected the frontal component exclusively, and fame affected the parietal component exclusively. Moreover, a separate behavioral experiment showed that conceptual priming was sensitive to fame, but not to frequency. Our data therefore indicate that the FN400 varies jointly with familiarity, but independently of conceptual priming.

Recognition Memory for Self-Relevant Personality-Trait Words

2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Nieznański
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Signal Detection ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
The Self ◽  
Rating Task ◽  
Detection Model ◽  
Self Study ◽  
Trait Words

Two studies based on a signal detection model of recognition memory are presented. Both studies investigated detection and response bias in the recognition of personality-trait words with respect to their relation to the self. Study 1 employed a yes-no task in which participants were to recognize trait adjectives. Study 2 employed a rating task in which participants declared their confidence with respect to whether a noun or an adjective had been presented. After the recognition task, participants selected personality-trait words that described them and ones that described other people. The results indicated a stronger tendency to say “old” for self-descriptive than for non-self-descriptive adjectives and nouns. Study 2 suggested that self-descriptive nouns are better detected than non-self-descriptive nouns.

Word-Imagery Effects on Recollection and Familiarity in Recognition Memory

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 716-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ward O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Signal Detection ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Significant Enhancement ◽  
Detection Model ◽  
Familiarity In Recognition Memory ◽  
Independent Analysis ◽  
French Speaking

The Remember/Know procedure was used to investigate the effects of word imageability on recognition memory. An experiment, using French-speaking undergraduate students (17 women and 3 men), replicated Dewhurst and Conway's 1994 finding that rated imageability significantly increased accurate Remember responses but not Know responses when analyzed in the traditional way, assuming that the response types are mutually exclusive. Data were also analyzed using the Yonelinas, et al. 1998 dual-process signal-detection model, for estimating recollection and familiarity while assuming that Remember and Know responses are independent. Analysis indicated significant enhancement of imageability for estimates of both recollection and familiarity. This was interpreted as meaning that imageability enhanced both item-specific and contextual information associated with studied words.

Further Evidence for Discrete-State Mediation in Recognition Memory

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kellen ◽  
Henrik Singmann ◽  
Jan Vogt ◽  
Karl Christoph Klauer
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Discrete State ◽  
Detection Model ◽  
Forced Choice Task ◽  
Model Mimicry

The two high threshold model (2HTM) of recognition memory makes strong predictions regarding differences between receiver operating characteristics (ROC) functions across strength manipulations. Province and Rouder (2012) tested these predictions and showed that the 2HTM provided a better account of the data than a continuous signal detection model using an extended two-alternative forced-choice task. The present study replicates and extends Province and Rouder’s findings at the level of confidence-rating responses as well as their associated response times. Model-mimicry simulations are also reported, ascertaining that the models can be well discriminated in this experimental design. Supplemental files for this article are available at osf.io/zadt6/

scholarly journals A direct test of the unequal-variance signal detection model of recognition memory

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 858-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Mickes ◽  
John T. Wixted ◽  
Peter E. Wais
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Signal Detection ◽  
Direct Test ◽  
Unequal Variance ◽  
Detection Model

How do memory modules differentially contribute to familiarity and recollection?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olya Hakobyan ◽  
Sen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Memory Modules ◽  
Familiarity And Recollection ◽  
Memory Contents

Abstract We fully support dissociating the subjective experience from the memory contents in recognition memory, as Bastin et al. posit in the target article. However, having two generic memory modules with qualitatively different functions is not mandatory and is in fact inconsistent with experimental evidence. We propose that quantitative differences in the properties of the memory modules can account for the apparent dissociation of recollection and familiarity along anatomical lines.

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