scholarly journals What is the role of affect in the spacing effect?

1983 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Elmes ◽  
Craig J. Dye ◽  
N. J. Herdelin
Keyword(s):  
Spacing Effect

Role of the hippocampus in the spacing effect during memory retrieval

Hippocampus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 703-714
Author(s):  
Cuihong Li ◽  
Jiongjiong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Spacing Effect

scholarly journals Dynamic Integrative Synaptic Plasticity Explains the Spacing Effect in the Transition from Short- to Long-Term Memory

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 2212-2251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Spacing Effect ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Low Pass

Repeated stimuli that are spaced apart in time promote the transition from short- to long-term memory, while massing repetitions together does not. Previously, we showed that a model of integrative synaptic plasticity, in which plasticity induction signals are integrated by a low-pass filter before plasticity is expressed, gives rise to a natural timescale at which to repeat stimuli, hinting at a partial account of this spacing effect. The account was only partial because the important role of neuromodulation was not considered. We now show that by extending the model to allow dynamic integrative synaptic plasticity, the model permits synapses to robustly discriminate between spaced and massed repetition protocols, suppressing the response to massed stimuli while maintaining that to spaced stimuli. This is achieved by dynamically coupling the filter decay rate to neuromodulatory signaling in a very simple model of the signaling cascades downstream from cAMP production. In particular, the model's parameters may be interpreted as corresponding to the duration and amplitude of the waves of activity in the MAPK pathway. We identify choices of parameters and repetition times for stimuli in this model that optimize the ability of synapses to discriminate between spaced and massed repetition protocols. The model is very robust to reasonable changes around these optimal parameters and times, but for large changes in parameters, the model predicts that massed and spaced stimuli cannot be distinguished or that the responses to both patterns are suppressed. A model of dynamic integrative synaptic plasticity therefore explains the spacing effect under normal conditions and also predicts its breakdown under abnormal conditions.

The Effects of Exercise and Alternating Task Modules in Skill Acquisition

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (21) ◽  
pp. 1097-1101
Author(s):  
Barry P. Goettl ◽  
Wayne L. Shebilske ◽  
Cathy Connolly-Gomez ◽  
Linda Robertson-Schulé
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Spacing Effect ◽  
Flight Simulator ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Retention Performance ◽  
Implicit Processes ◽  
Massed Practice ◽  
Word Problem Solving

One class of theories of the spacing effect suggests that arousal may inhibit learning during massed practice. The goal of this study was explore the role of exercise on the spacing effect. Participants practiced three complex tasks (i.e., Space Fortress, algebra word problems, and a desk-top flight simulator) under four training conditions. Participants trained under massed or alternating task modules regimes, with or without moderate exercise. Results indicated that alternating tasks enhanced acquisition and retention performance on Space Fortress. In addition, exercise inhibited retention performance. These same trends were obtained for algebra word problem solving and for a desktop flight simulator task. These findings replicate previous studies showing an advantage for alternating task modules and challenge theories suggesting that the spacing effect is the result of deficient processing due to lower arousal level. Results suggest that exercise may reduce mental rehearsal or implicit processes that alternating task modules promote.

scholarly journals Role of mood and connotation in the spacing effect

1984 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Elmes ◽  
Paul F. Chapman ◽  
Camden W. Selig
Keyword(s):  
Spacing Effect

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

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