scholarly journals Length contrast in the Müller-Lyer figure: Functional equivalence of temporal and spatial separation

1986 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Jordan ◽  
John Uhlarik
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Functional Equivalence ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Dependence of keV x‐ray generation on the temporal and spatial separation of two KrF laser pulses

1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 5047-5053 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bobkowski ◽  
J. N. Broughton ◽  
R. Fedosejevs ◽  
R. J. Willis ◽  
M. R. Cervenan
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Krf Laser ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

The productivity and carbohydrate economy of a developing stand of Rubus idaeus

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 2697-2703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon G. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
The Self ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Predictable Pattern ◽  
Allocation Patterns ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Development Proceeds

The dry matter production and resource allocation patterns of a series of 1- to 5-year-old stands of Rubus idaeus are described. Stand development proceeds along a predictable pattern of development from the building to the self-thinning phases. The building phase is characterized by an active period of vegetative propagation, insuring almost full occupancy of the site at the end of the 2nd to 3rd years. It is suggested that the shift from clonal growth to fruit production in the self-thinning phase represents an adaptive response to a deteriorating environment. Competition for the available assimilates between the 1st-year cane, the primocane, and the 2nd-year cane, the floricane, is minimized by the temporal and spatial separation of their activities.

scholarly journals A Draft Genome of the Ginger Species Alpinia nigra and New Insights into the Genetic Basis of Flexistyly

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1297
Author(s):  
Surabhi Ranavat ◽  
Hannes Becher ◽  
Mark F. Newman ◽  
Vinita Gowda ◽  
Alex D. Twyford
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Alpinia Nigra ◽  
Floral Phenotype ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Candidate Regions ◽  
High Depth

Angiosperms possess various strategies to ensure reproductive success, such as stylar polymorphisms that encourage outcrossing. Here, we investigate the genetic basis of one such dimorphism that combines both temporal and spatial separation of sexual function, termed flexistyly. It is a floral strategy characterised by the presence of two morphs that differ in the timing of stylar movement. We performed a de novo assembly of the genome of Alpinia nigra using high-depth genomic sequencing. We then used Pool-seq to identify candidate regions for flexistyly based on allele frequency or coverage differences between pools of anaflexistylous and cataflexistylous morphs. The final genome assembly size was 2 Gb, and showed no evidence of recent polyploidy. The Pool-seq did not reveal large regions with high FST values, suggesting large structural chromosomal polymorphisms are unlikely to underlie differences between morphs. Similarly, no region had a 1:2 mapping depth ratio which would be indicative of hemizygosity. We propose that flexistyly is governed by a small genomic region that might be difficult to detect with Pool-seq, or a complex genomic region that proved difficult to assemble. Our genome will be a valuable resource for future studies of gingers, and provides the first steps towards characterising this complex floral phenotype.

scholarly journals Communication floods – Emails in scholarly communication

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-393
Author(s):  
Corinna Lüthje ◽  
Franziska Thiele
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Information Overload ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Scholarly Communication ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
Mobile Media ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

The aim of this study is to display the current email usage among academics and the email‘s influence on the field of science by analyzing qualitative interviews and media diaries with 55 German-speaking academics. Emails pose a particular challenge for separating work and personal spheres. Mobile media such as tablets and smartphones reinforce the penetrating effects of emails. Our results show that scholars hardly engage in a temporal and spatial separation of the spheres when accessing work emails. This is one of the reasons why emails contribute to a perception of information overload and stress. While emails cause problems in many fields, we assume that it is particularly pronounced in the scientific field. In order to raise awareness for this topic and to facilitate the handling of emails in the scientific community, we recommend introducing email workshops and regulations at universities.

Feeding patterns of school mackerel (Scomberomorus queenslandicus) and spotted mackerel (S. munroi) in Queensland east-coast waters

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin A. Begg ◽  
Glen A. Hopper
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Dietary Overlap ◽  
Recreational Fisheries ◽  
Feeding Patterns ◽  
Inshore Waters ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Species Being ◽  
Prey Items

Seasonal feeding and dietary overlap patterns between school mackerel (Scomberomorus queenslandicus) and spotted mackerel (S. munroi) in Queensland east-coast waters, Australia (16˚S to 28˚S), were examined from June 1992 to January 1995. School mackerel have a more diverse diet than spotted mackerel, with the diets of both species being dominated by pilchards, anchovies and herring. Dietary overlap between school and spotted mackerel appeared to be limited owing to temporal and spatial separation. The seasonal availability of certain prey items may play an important role in attracting mackerel into inshore waters where they become accessible to the commercial and recreational fisheries.

Contribution of Rhizosolenia eriensis and Cyclotella spp. to the Deep Chlorophyll Maximum of Sproat Lake, British Columbia, Canada

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leland J. Jackson ◽  
John G. Stockner ◽  
Paul J. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Deep Chlorophyll Maximum ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Neutral Buoyancy ◽  
Chlorophyll Maximum ◽  
Centric Diatoms ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Lake Fertilization

Experimental fertilization of Sproat Lake with nitrogen and phosphorus greatly increased the abundance of two centric diatoms: Cyclotella spp. and Rhizosolenia eriensis. A decrease in sinking rates to neutral buoyancy at 17.5–22.5 m, an area of high nutrients and low light, coupled with sedimentation estimates of 106–107 celis∙m−2∙d−1, provide strong evidence that diatoms contribute to the formation of a seasonal deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM). The position of the Sproat Lake DCM, occurring at or just above the 1% light depth, appears to be largely determined by the light regime. R. eriensis bloomed and sank out of the mixed layer early in the spring before lake fertilization began. Immediately after fertilization, concentrations of nitrate and phosphate were elevated for 1 h only in the top 1 m of the water column. Most R. eriensis cells were well below 1 m and benefited little from the nutrient addition because of temporal and spatial separation. Cyclotella spp. occurred in the upper epilimnion and bloomed later in the year and consequently benefited (by large density increases) from fertilization. It is important to consider the temporal and spatial distribution of phytoplankton in determining which species will increase in abundance as a result of areal fertilization.

Temporal and spatial separation allow coexistence of predatory cladocerans: Leptodora kindtii, Bythotrephes longimanus and Cercopagis pengoi, in southeastern Lake Michigan

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joann F. Cavaletto ◽  
Henry A. Vanderploeg ◽  
Radka Pichlová-Ptáčníková ◽  
Steven A. Pothoven ◽  
James R. Liebig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Bythotrephes Longimanus ◽  
Cercopagis Pengoi ◽  
Leptodora Kindtii ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Directionally sensitive ganglion cells in the rabbit retina: specificity for stimulus direction, size, and speed

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Wyatt ◽  
N. W. Daw
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Directional Sensitivity ◽  
Rabbit Retina ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Preferred Direction ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

The receptive fields of directionally sensitive ganglion cells in the rabbit retina were analyzed. Several types of experiment showed that each point within the receptive field of the cell is inhibited by a fairly wide area of points around it, lying on each side of the preferred-null axis as well as along the preferred-null axis in the preferred direction. The excitatory or responsive receptive field of these cells has an inhibitory surround: this inhibitory surround appears to be simply an extension of the inhibition that occurs within the center of the receptive field. Points toward the edge of the responsive receptive field are inhibited from an area around them which extends into the center of the receptive field and also into the inhibitory surround. Directionally sensitive retinal ganglion cells respond to moving spots better than to moving bars. This is particularly true for objects moved perpendicularly to the preferred-null axis. In some cells a spot moved perpendicularly to the preferred-null axis will give a substantial response, whereas a bar moved in the same direction will give no response at all. This phenomenon can be explained by the inhibitory area which surrounds each point within the receptive field; since this inhibitory area is asymmetrical, it is also responsible for the cell's directional sensitivity. When two bars oriented perpendicular to the preferred null axis are flashed, one after the other, the response to the second bar is nearly always reduced by the presentation of the first bar. This is true for many temporal and spatial sequences corresponding to movement in the preferred direction, as well as those corresponding to movement in the null direction. However, there are temporal and spatial sequences, corresponding to movement in the preferred direction, for which the response to the second bar is unaffected by the presentation of the first bar. The time delay for this does not vary from cell to cell--it is always approximately 20 ms for on-off directionally sensitive cells and approximately 180 ms for on directionally sensitive cells. The spatial separation does vary from cell to cell, between 0.13 degrees and 1.2 degrees in 11 on-off directionally sensitive cells. This spatial separation, which gives linear summation of the response to two bars flashed 20 ms apart in the preferred direction, is correlated with the speed of movement which gives the best response for a bar moved through the receptive field in the preferred direction.

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