scholarly journals Adapting to an irrelevant item in an immediate recall task

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 682-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Watkins ◽  
Elizabeth S. Sechler
Keyword(s):  
Recall Task ◽  
Immediate Recall ◽  
Irrelevant Item

scholarly journals Language Shift Effect on Memory Generalization of Chinese-English Bilinguals

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Mengmeng Zuo ◽  
Lulu Wang ◽  
Yaqi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Delay Interval ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Memory Recall ◽  
Story Reading ◽  
Immediate Recall ◽  
Memory Experiment ◽  
Shift Effect ◽  
Retrieval Language

Language shift occurs when people learn information in one language but recall it in another language. This mismatch between encoding and retrieval language is found to impair memory accuracy when memory is tested immediately after learning. However, does the observed language shift effect still exist after a certain period of delay? Would it influence other aspects of memory, especially memory generalization? To address these two questions, we performed a memory experiment among unbalanced Chinese-English bilinguals. In the experiment, participants were required to read two stories (one in English, one in Chinese) and to retell the stories in Chinese from their memories afterward. Delay interval was manipulated in the experiment where participants either took memory recall tests immediately after story-reading or after 24 hours' delay. To analyze memory generalization, we coded the generalized words participants used to retell the stories. The results suggest that language shift (encoding in English and retrieving in Chinese) leads to a more generalized description in a memory recall task. However, the observed language shift effect disappears after 24 hours' delay. It can be concluded that language shift impacts bilingual learners' memory generalization in immediate recall tests, but such effect disappears after 24 hours' delay, which indicates the key role of delay interval in modulating language shift effect.

Effects of non-native word shapes in the recognition and recall of medicine names

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-130
Author(s):  
Carla Pires ◽  
Susana Correia ◽  
Márcia Costa ◽  
Afonso Cavaco ◽  
Marina Vigário
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Medication Errors ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Brand Names ◽  
Immediate Recall ◽  
Null Effect

Abstract Mistakes involving medicine brand names may lead to serious medication errors and even patients’ death. We tested the effect of medicine brand names shape – native vs. non-native spelling – in two groups of Portuguese speaking subjects: (i) pharmacy clients (older and less educated); (ii) graduate students (younger and more educated). We run a recognition task and an immediate recall task, testing three groups of names with: (1) non-native graphemes, (2) non-native grapho-/phonotactics, (3) native patterns. Results showed that names with non-native properties, especially non-native graphemes, were recalled significantly worse. Non-native patterns had a null effect in the recognition task, possibly due to a facilitating effect of the odd, non-native feature, compensating for the extra demand imposed by non-native patterns on processing. Less educated, older participants consistently performed significantly worse than more educated, younger subjects across experiments. The results suggest the pertinence of adapting medicine names to the language of target users.

RECALL OF SCHEMATIC AND NON-SCHEMATIC MATERIAL RELATED TO THREAT IN SOCIALLY ANXIOUS AND NONANXIOUS INDIVIDUALS

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Wenzel ◽  
Erin N. Haugen ◽  
Peter A. Schmutzer
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Negative Information ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Recall Condition ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Free Recall Task ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
Immediate Recall ◽  
Maladaptive Schema

The present study examined the recall of material representative and non representative of schemata for social and evaluative situations. Socially anxious (n = 24) and nonanxious (n = 25) individuals were presented with three positively valenced and three negatively valenced prose passages describing common social and evaluative scenarios. Eight of the sentences in each passage described events representative of the schema content of most individuals, whereas three of the sentences in each passage described events that are not representative of typical schema content. Participants completed a free recall task in both immediate (i.e. 2 minutes) and delayed (i.e. one week) recall conditions. Although there were no group differences as a function of type of content (i.e. schematic, non-schematic), socially anxious individuals were less likely than nonanxious individuals to accurately recall the gist of passages containing negative information in the immediate recall condition. In all, this study provided little evidence for the influence of maladaptive schema content on memory for threatening material in anxious individuals, but it added to an increasingly large literature suggesting that some types of anxiety are associated with an avoidance of processing emotional material.

The immediate recall of approximations to the statistical nature of Swedish.

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars H. Alin ◽  
Henrik Jonsson ◽  
Marianne Junemyr-Helgesson
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Nature ◽  
Immediate Recall
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