scholarly journals An instrumental cigarette smoke monitor designed for the direct measurement of smoke particulate matter generated in human smoking studies

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger A. Jenkins ◽  
Thomas M. Gayle
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Direct Measurement

The Control of Cigarette Smoke Deliveries Using Heat-Shrinkable Films

1975 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Crellin ◽  
G. O. Brooks ◽  
H. G. Horsewell
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Total Particulate Matter ◽  
Puff Volume ◽  
Cigarette Paper ◽  
High Degree

AbstractA ventilating filter for cigarettes has been developed which reduces the delivery of smoke constituents from the final two to three puffs. Since the normaI delivery for these three puffs can account for up to half the total particulate matter and nicotine delivered by the whole cigarette, usefuI reductions per cigarette can be produced. The ventilating filter consists of cellulose acetate tow wrapped in heat-shrinkable film and attached to a tobacco rod using perforated tipping paper. When the cigarette is smoked, the perforations remain closed by contact with the impermeable film until transfer of heat to the filter is sufficient to soften the filter tow and shrink the film. Ventilating air now enters the cigarette and reduces the smoke deliveries. The effectiveness of the ventilating filter is increased by using films which have a low shrink temperature, high shrink tension and a high degree of biaxiaI shrinkage. Increases in filter plasticiser level, tipping perforation area and puff volume improve the effectiveness of the ventilating filter but increases in cigarette paper porosity and tobacco butt length reduce the effectiveness

scholarly journals Composition Studies on Tobacco: XLV. Use of Cigarette Additives to Alter the Composition and Reducing Properties of Cigarette Smoke

1972 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lakritz ◽  
E.D. Strange ◽  
D.G. Bailey ◽  
R.L. Stedman
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Composition Studies ◽  
Sodium Thiosulfate ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Total Particulate Matter ◽  
Nicotine Content ◽  
Reducing Capacity ◽  
Reducing Properties ◽  
Reducing Potential

AbstractThe reducing potential of fresh cigarette smoke can be modified by the use of certain oxidants and reductants. The influence of these additives on smoke may be monitored by employing a system which measures changes in EMF on a puff by puff basis. The addition of the oxidant 1,4-benzoquinone to tobacco eliminates the rapid reduction in potential which normally takes place when an untreated cigarette is smoked. The addition of the benzoquinone alters the composition of the smoke by increasing the levels of the total particulate matter and possibly the phenols, while decreasing the nicotine content without affecting the amount of benzo[a]pyrene formed. The addition of sodium thiosulfate to tobacco causes a significant increase in the reducing capacity of cigarette smoke. It also brings about increases in the smoke BAP, phenols and TPM. The level of nicotine in these cigarettes, however, is lowered.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation of the Distribution of In Situ Cigarette Combustion-Generated Particulate Matter

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Shi Chen ◽  
Hanqing Liu ◽  
Zhiguo Sun ◽  
Hongyong Xie
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Axial Position ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Total Particulate Matter

This paper has established a two-dimensional (2D) mathematical model for the generation, growth, and deposition of cigarette total particulate matter (TPM) in the smoldering state. The model has covered the chemical reactions and mass transfer as well as the mechanism of generation, flow, and condensation of particulate matter inside a burning cigarette. Cigarette smoke was generated by puffing under a constant pressure, and the pressure of the filter outlet was −274 Pa. The peak of the concentration of particulate matter was spatially overlapped with the peaks of pyrolysis and oxidation. Pertaining to the cross section of the cigarette at the same axial position, the peak of the diameter of particulate matter along the radial distribution first appeared in the zone near the edge of the cigarette cross section, and then gradually moved to the center of the cigarette with the cigarette smoke moving away from the combustion cone. The maximum number density of particulate matter calculated by the 2D mathematical model at the same axial position of the cigarette and the corresponding particle diameter, as well as the filtration efficiency of the filter rod, are in good accordance with the experimental data reported in previous studies.

scholarly journals Total particulate matter concentration skews cigarette smoke's gene expression profile

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 00029-2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Dvorkin-Gheva ◽  
Gilles Vanderstocken ◽  
Ali Önder Yildirim ◽  
Corry-Anke Brandsma ◽  
Ma'en Obeidat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Gene Expression Profile ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Exposure ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Total Particulate Matter ◽  
Xenobiotic Detoxification

Exposure of small animals to cigarette smoke is widely used as a model to study the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, protocols and exposure systems utilised vary substantially and it is unclear how these different systems compare.We analysed the gene expression profile of six publically available murine datasets from different cigarette smoke-exposure systems and related the gene signatures to three clinical cohorts.234 genes significantly regulated by cigarette smoke in at least one model were used to construct a 55-gene network containing 17 clusters. Increasing numbers of differentially regulated clusters were associated with higher total particulate matter concentrations in the different datasets. Low total particulate matter-induced genes mainly related to xenobiotic/detoxification responses, while higher total particulate matter activated immune/inflammatory processes in addition to xenobiotic/detoxification responses. To translate these observations to the clinic, we analysed the regulation of the revealed network in three human cohorts. Similar to mice, we observed marked differences in the number of regulated clusters between the cohorts. These differences were not determined by pack-year.Although none of the experimental models exhibited a complete alignment with any of the human cohorts, some exposure systems showed higher resemblance. Thus, depending on the cohort, clinically observed changes in gene expression may be mirrored more closely by specific cigarette smoke exposure systems. This study emphasises the need for careful validation of animal models.

Determination of Particulate Matter and Alkaloids (as Nicotine) in Cigarette Smoke

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-362
Author(s):  
C L Ogg
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Filter Holder ◽  
Nicotine Delivery ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Selection For

Abstract A collaborative smoking study for the determination of particulate matter and nicotine deliveries of cigarettes, by a method chosen by the Analytical Methods Committee of the Tobacco Chemists’ Conference, was completed during the year. The 12 collaborators obtained coefficients of variation within laboratories of 4% and between laboratories of 10%. Each collaborator was asked to smoke 40 cigarettes (8 samples of 5 cigarettes). Non-filter (85 mm) cigarettes and filter (85 mm) cigarettes were analyzed. The cigarettes were conditioned for 24 hours at 75°F and 60% r.h. prior to selection for smoking. Cigarettes weighing within 20 mg of the average cigarette weight (50 randomly selected cigarettes) were marked to a 30 mm butt length. The cigarettes were smoked into a Cambridge filter holder by an automatic smoking machine which drew a 35 ml puff of 2-second duration once every minute. Five weight-selected cigarettes, marked to 30 mm butt, were smoked per Cambridge filter and the particulate matter (wet) was determined as the weight gain of the Cambridge filter. Nicotine delivery was determined by distilling the Cambridge filter pads and measuring the nicotine spectrophotometrically.

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