scholarly journals Orientation contrast effects in the rod-and-frame test

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald R. Goodenough ◽  
Philip K. Oltman ◽  
Eric Sigman ◽  
James Rosso ◽  
Herbert Mertz
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Orientation Contrast ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

Field Independence and Resistance to Reversal of Perspective

1966 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Haronian ◽  
A. Arthur Sugerman
Keyword(s):  
Short Form ◽  
Necker Cube ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Following Instructions ◽  
Independence Results ◽  
Male University Students ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

The more successful 102 normal male university students were in following instructions to resist fluctuations of the Necker cube, the more field-independently they scored on both Series III of the rod-and-frame test ( r = .28) and on Jackson's short form of the embedded-figures test ( r = .24). Under neutral instructions, the correlations were nil. Results support prior findings that a small but significant portion of the variance of Necker cube fluctuations under instructions to control the rate of shift is related to scores of field independence. Results support Jackson's finding that ability to control the rate of shift is not related to intelligence.

Spanish Children's Scores on Children's Embedded Figures and Rod and Frame Tests

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1259-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Amador-Campos ◽  
Teresa Kirchner-Nebot
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Measure Field ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

The Children's Embedded Figures Test and the Rod and Frame Test were administered to 179 boys and 110 girls of an average age of 9.03 years to measure field dependence-independence. No significant gender-related differences were found on either test. Scores on these tests were moderately and significantly correlated.

The assessment of increased sensitivity to visual stimuli in patients with chronic dizziness

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 223-231
Author(s):  
Marousa Pavlou ◽  
Rosalyn A. Davies ◽  
Adolfo M. Bronstein
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Vestibular Dysfunction ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Dynamic Posturography ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Composite Scores ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

Patients with chronic vestibular dysfunction often experience visually-induced aggravation of dizzy symptoms (visual vertigo; VV). The Situational Characteristics Questionnaire (SCQ), Computerized Dynamic Posturography or Rod and Frame Test (RFT) are used to assess VV symptoms. This study evaluates whether correlations exist between these three tests, their ability to identify patients with VV and whether emotional state correlates with VV symptoms. Tests were completed by 20 normal controls (Group NC), 20 patients with vestibular dysfunction plus VV (Group VV) and 13 without VV (Group NVV). Additionally, the Vertigo Symptom Scale (VSS-V) was applied to quantify general, non-visually induced vertigo (dizziness, lightheadedness and/or spinning) and imbalance. Autonomic (VSS-A) and psychological symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression questionnaire; HAD) were also assessed. With the SCQ 100% of Group VV scored outside normal ranges and scores differed significantly between Group VV and both Groups NC and NVV. RFT values were not significantly different between groups; only 15% of patients scored outside normal ranges. Posturography scores were abnormal for 50% of patients; significant differences were noted between Groups NC and VV for composite scores and ratios 3/1, 4/1, 5/1 and 6/1 (indicative of abnormal sensory re-weighting). There were no correlations between the three data sets in patients. Anxiety and depression scores significantly differed between Groups NC and VV but not between patient groups; this indicates that psychological symptoms may be present in either patient group. The SCQ can be used to corroborate an initial clinical diagnosis of VV and quantify its severity in patients with vestibular dysfunction. Posturography data suggested patients with VV have a sensory re-weighting abnormality. The rod and frame test results and posturography findings agree less with the clinical diagnosis of VV. Psychological symptoms may need to be addressed.

Validation of a Group Embedded Figures Test for Young Children

1980 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore R. Cromack ◽  
Meredith K. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Group Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Test Level ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

This paper describes the development and concurrent validation of a group-administered measure of field-dependence/independence for early elementary children. Following the procedure used to validate the Children's Group Embedded Figures Test (Level 2, 9 to 11 yr.), a validation study of a group test for younger children was undertaken with a second-grade sample ( N = 77). The test was reliable (alpha = .84) and significantly related to both the individually administered Children's Embedded Figures Test ( r = .56) and Portable Rod-and-frame Test ( r = .57). This measure, designated the Children's Group Embedded Figures Test—Level 1, provides a promising research instrument for assessing cognitive style of young children.

Neuronal responses to static texture patterns in area V1 of the alert macaque monkey

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Knierim ◽  
D. C. van Essen
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Effect ◽  
Macaque Monkey ◽  
Average Difference ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Suppression Effect ◽  
Orientation Contrast ◽  
Classical Receptive Field ◽  
Oriented Line

1. We recorded responses from neurons in area V1 of the alert macaque monkey to textured patterns modeled after stimuli used in psychophysical experiments of pop-out. Neuronal responses to a single oriented line segment placed within a cell's classical receptive field (CRF) were compared with responses in which the center element was surrounded by rings of elements placed entirely outside the CRF. The orientations of the surround elements either matched the center element, were orthogonal to it, or were random. 2. The addition of the textured surround tended to suppress the response to the center element by an average of 34%. Overall, almost 80% of the 122 cells analyzed in detail were significantly suppressed by at least one of the texture surrounds. 3. Cells tended to respond more strongly to a stimulus in which there was a contrast in orientation between the center and surround than to a stimulus lacking such contrast. The average difference was 9% of the response to the optimally oriented center element alone. For the 32% of the cells showing a statistically significant orientation contrast effect, the average difference was 28%. 4. Both the general suppression and orientation contrast effects originated from surround regions at the ends of the center bar as well as regions along the sides of the center bar. 5. The amount of suppression induced by the texture surround decreased as the density of the texture elements decreased. 6. Both the general suppression and the orientation contrast effects appeared early in the population response to the stimuli. The general suppression effect took approximately 7 ms to develop, whereas the orientation contrast effect took 18-20 ms to develop. 7. These results are consistent with a possible functional role of V1 cells in the mediation of perceptual pop-out and in the segregation of texture borders. Possible anatomic substrates of the effects are discussed.

scholarly journals Field (In)dependence Flexibility Following a Virtual Immersion Is Associated With Cybersickness and Sense of Presence

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Maneuvrier ◽  
L. M. Decker ◽  
P. Renaud ◽  
G. Ceyte ◽  
H. Ceyte
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Sense Of Presence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Level ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

Field dependence–independence (FDI) is a psychological construct determining an individual’s approach of the perception–cognition coupling. In virtual reality (VR) context, several studies suggest that an individual’s perceptive style is susceptible to shift toward a more FI mode through down-weighting of conflicting visual cues. The present study proposes to investigate the potential flexible nature of FDI following a virtual immersion and to assess if this flexibility might be associated with the subjective experience of VR. 86 participants explored a real-world–like virtual environment for approximately 10 min. FDI levels were measured before and after the VR exposure using the rod-and-frame test. Their subjective experience of VR was measured a posteriori (cybersickness and sense of presence) and used in order to build two experimental groups via a cluster analysis. The results showed that only participants with a poor subjective experience of VR (i.e., a low level of sense of presence associated with a high level of cybersickness) significantly shifted to a more FI mode, which is discussed as a sensory re-weighting mechanism. Pragmatical applications are discussed, and future studies are outlined, based on the conclusion that FDI might be more flexible than we thought, which could shed light on the psychophysiology of VR.

Cognitive Style Differences between Engineers and College Students

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 789-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald V. Barrett ◽  
Carl L. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Standardization Sample ◽  
Close Resemblance ◽  
Job Functions ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Adult Status ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

The description of Witkin's field-independent individuals as those who tend to be analytical, logical, and able to extract subtle aspects from problems for analysis bears a close resemblance to the description of engineering job functions. It was therefore hypothesized that engineers would be more field-independent than Witkin's standardization sample. It was determined that 46 engineers and technicians were significantly more field independent, as measured by the rod-and-frame test, than Witkin's standardization sample. Alternate explanations for the obtained results are discussed, including intelligence, sampling, and shift to adult status.

scholarly journals Changes in Rod and Frame Test Scores Recorded in Schoolchildren during Development – A Longitudinal Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. e65321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Bagust ◽  
Sharon Docherty ◽  
Wayne Haynes ◽  
Richard Telford ◽  
Brice Isableu
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

Field Research Model of the Rod-and-Frame Test

1971 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 671-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irving R. Stuart ◽  
Dorothy Murgatroyd
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Research Model ◽  
College Age ◽  
Portable Apparatus ◽  
Original Laboratory ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

Field research makes size and weight demands upon instruments which are sometimes not as important in the laboratory. A portable model of the rod-and-frame test, which had been standardized against the original laboratory model, was considered too bulky for easy transportation as hand baggage where air travel was necessary. Another portable version of the rod-and-frame test did meet portability requirements but suffered from design limitations which invalidated its results, as well as an absence of standardization data. Successful modifications of this lightweight instrument overcoming the handicaps and a successful comparison with scores on another standardized portable apparatus was made with 51 men and 97 women of college age.

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