scholarly journals Judgments of average magnitude: Analyses in terms of the functional measurement and two-stage models

1975 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight W. Curtis ◽  
Lois C. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Two Stage ◽  
Functional Measurement ◽  
Stage Models

Utility-based two-stage models with fairness concern

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 877-900
Author(s):  
Yong Zha ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Nannan Liang ◽  
Chuiri Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Two Stage ◽  
Stage Models ◽  
Fairness Concern

Estimating Two-Stage Models for Genetic Influences on Alcohol, Tobacco or Drug Use Initiation and Dependence Vulnerability in Twin and Family Data

Twin Research ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Heath ◽  
Nicholas G. Martin ◽  
Michael T. Lynskey ◽  
Alexandre A. Todorov ◽  
Pamela A. F. Madden
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Family Data ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Stage Models ◽  
Drug Use Initiation

scholarly journals Mitigation of Airborne PRRSV Transmission with UV Light Treatment: Proof-of-concept

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiyang Li ◽  
Jacek A. Koziel ◽  
Jeffrey J. Zimmerman ◽  
Jianqiang Zhang ◽  
Ting-Yu Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Short Treatment ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Stage Models ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Uv C

Proper treatment of infectious air could potentially mitigate the spread of airborne viruses such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The objective of this research is to test the effectiveness of ultraviolet (UV) in inactivating aerosolized PRRSV, specifically, four UV lamps, UV-A (365 nm, both fluorescent and LED-based), "excimer" UV-C (222 nm), and germicidal UV-C (254 nm), were tested. The two UV-C lamps effectively irradiated fast-moving PRRSV aerosols with short treatment times (<2 s). One-stage and two-stage UV inactivation models estimated the UV doses needed for target percentage (%) reductions on PRRSV titer. UV-C (254 nm) dose needed for 3-log (99.9%) reduction was 0.521 and 0.0943 mJ/cm2, respectively, based on one-stage and two-stage models. An order of magnitude lower UV-C (222 nm) doses were needed for a 3-log reduction, i.e., 0.0882 and 0.048 mJ/cm2, based on one-stage and two-stage models, respectively. However, the cost of 222-nm excimer lamps is still economically prohibitive for scaling-up trials. The UV-A (365 nm) lamps could not reduce PRRSV titers for tested doses up to 4.11 mJ/cm2. Pilot-scale or farm-scale testing of UV-C on PRRSV aerosols simulating barn ventilation rates are recommended based on its effectiveness and reasonable costs comparable to HEPA filtration.

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