scholarly journals Visual reinforcement: Operant acquisition in the presence of a free mirror

1973 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Baenninger ◽  
Rochelle A. Mattleman
Keyword(s):  
Visual Reinforcement ◽  
Operant Acquisition

A Comparison of Video Versus Conventional Visual Reinforcement in 7- to 16-Month-Old Infants

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 723-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristy J. Lowery ◽  
Deborah von Hapsburg ◽  
Erin L. Plyler ◽  
Patti Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Visual Reinforcement

scholarly journals Robots Can Train Humans Using Principles of Operant Conditioning Through Visual Reinforcement Tools

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Kieson ◽  
Harshal Maske ◽  
Charles I. Abramson ◽  
Girish Chowdhary ◽  
Christopher Crick
Keyword(s):  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Comparative Psychology ◽  
Guidance System ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Visual Reinforcement ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
Basic Task ◽  
End Times

Researchers have established new techniques to study human-robot interactions based on current knowledge in interspecies communication and comparative psychology. Studies on animal acceptance of robot conspecifics in complex social environments has led to the development of robots that adapt to animal and human behaviors. Using a robot with adaptable algorithms developed by the authors, the researchers hypothesized that, by using familiar visual rewards as positive reinforcement, robots could use operant conditioning principles to teach humans a basic task. The robot in this study independently determines optimal control of construction equipment by capturing the motions from an expert operator. The robot then attempts to teach those same skills to novice operators using familiar, yet simple, visual reinforcement tools. In this study, participants were asked to manipulate a model excavator using feedback from the guidance system on a nearby computer screen. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: simple visual reinforcement, complex guidance, and no visual feedback (blank screen). To measure learning, participants returned a day later to repeat the task without the guidance. The group using simple feedback resulted in cycle times that were closer to the expert times than both the complex or control groups and were significantly different end times (p < .05) than either group. This result supports our hypothesis that, similar to what’s been found in vertebrates and invertebrates, robots can shape behaviors of humans using visual positive reinforcement.

A Classical Conditioning Procedure for the Hearing Assessment of Multiply Handicapped Persons

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio E. Lancioni ◽  
Frans Coninx ◽  
Paul M. Smeets
Keyword(s):  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Unconditioned Stimulus ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Conditioning Procedure ◽  
Handicapped Children ◽  
Visual Reinforcement ◽  
Classical Procedure ◽  
Hearing Assessment ◽  
Classical Conditioning Procedure

The present study evaluated the viability of a classical conditioning procedure with an air puff as unconditioned stimulus for the hearing assessment of multiply handicapped children and adolescents. All subjects were also exposed to operant conditioning, which consisted of a modified visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) procedure or involved edible reinforcement contingent on a reaching response (for blind subjects). The findings indicate that the classical conditioning procedure was successful with 21 of the 23 subjects, whereas operant conditioning succeeded with 15 of the subjects. Thresholds obtained with classical conditioning were mostly equal to or within 10 dB of those obtained with operant conditioning and also matched previously available hearing estimates. These findings seem to suggest that the classical procedure can be a useful behavioral alternative for audiological assessment.

scholarly journals Measuring Sound-Processor Thresholds for Pediatric Cochlear Implant Recipients Using Visual Reinforcement Audiometry via Telepractice

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 2115-2125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Hughes ◽  
Jenny L. Goehring ◽  
Joshua D. Sevier ◽  
Sangsook Choi
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Test Session ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Visual Reinforcement ◽  
Behavioral Thresholds ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Caregiver Questionnaire

Purpose The goal of this study was to test the feasibility of using telepractice for measuring behavioral thresholds (T levels) in young children with cochlear implants (CIs) using visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA). Specifically, we examined whether there were significant differences in T levels, test time, or measurement success rate between in-person and remote test conditions. Method Data were collected for 17 children, aged 1.1–3.4 years. A within-subject AB-BA (A, in-person; B, remote) study design was used, with data collection typically occurring over 2 visits. T levels were measured during each test session using VRA for one basal, middle, and apical electrode. Two additional outcome measures included test time and response success rate, the latter of which was calculated as the ratio of the number of electrode thresholds successfully measured versus attempted. All 3 outcome measures were compared between the in-person and remote sessions. Last, a parent/caregiver questionnaire was administered at the end of the study to evaluate subjective aspects of remote versus traditional CI programming. Results Results showed no significant difference in T levels between in-person and remote test conditions. There were also no significant differences in test time or measurement success rate between the two conditions. The questionnaires indicated that 82% of parents or caregivers would use telepractice for routine CI programming visits some or all of the time if the option was available. Conclusion Results from this study suggest that telepractice can be used successfully to set T levels for young children with CIs using VRA.

Playing a FPS Doom Video Game with Deep Visual Reinforcement Learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-222
Author(s):  
Adil Khan ◽  
Feng Jiang ◽  
Shaohui Liu ◽  
Ibrahim Omara
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Visual Reinforcement

Study 2: Operant acquisition.

2014 ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Lloyd Homme ◽  
David J. Klaus
Keyword(s):  
Operant Acquisition

An innovation in insert visual reinforcement audiometry in children

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Jayarajan ◽  
R Nandi ◽  
B Caldicott
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Sound Stimulus ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
Visual Cue ◽  
Visual Reinforcement ◽  
Behavioural Test ◽  
Insert Earphones

Visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) is an important behavioural test of hearing in young children. The use of insert earphones during VRA provides a reliable method of obtaining ear- and frequency-specific data. Two testers are usually required for this procedure. The first tester operates the audiometer and other controls while the second tester distracts the child with various toys. The paper describes a technique of providing a visual cue to the second tester when a sound stimulus is introduced through the insert earphones.

An Apparatus for Studying Visual Reinforcement in Fish

1966 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Sturm ◽  
John Grabowski ◽  
Travis Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Visual Reinforcement
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document