scholarly journals Outcome-selective effects of intertrial reinforcement in a Pavlovian appetitive conditioning paradigm with rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Delamater
Keyword(s):  
Appetitive Conditioning ◽  
Conditioning Paradigm ◽  
Intertrial Reinforcement ◽  
Selective Effects

scholarly journals Honey bees can store and retrieve independent memory traces after complex experiences that combine appetitive and aversive associations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Klappenbach ◽  
Agustin E Lara ◽  
Fernando F Locatelli
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Differential Conditioning ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Aversive Conditioning ◽  
Appetitive Conditioning ◽  
Olfactory Conditioning ◽  
Proboscis Extension Response ◽  
Conditioning Paradigm ◽  
Aversive Events ◽  
Proboscis Extension

Real-world experiences do often mix appetitive and aversive events. Understanding the ability of animals to extract, store and use this information is an important issue in neurobiology. We used honey bees as model to study learning and memory after a differential conditioning that combines appetitive and aversive training trials. First of all, we describe an aversive conditioning paradigm that constitutes a clear opposite of the well known appetitive olfactory conditioning of the proboscis extension response. A neutral odour is presented paired with the bitter substance quinine. Aversive memory is evidenced later as an odour-specific impairment in appetitive conditioning. Then we tested the effect of mixing appetitive and aversive conditioning trials distributed along the same training session. Differential conditioning protocols like this were used before to study the ability to discriminate odours, however they were not focused on whether appetitive and aversive memories are formed. We found that after a differential conditioning, honey bees establish independent appetitive and aversive memories that do not interfere with each other during acquisition or storage. Finally, we moved the question forward to retrieval and memory expression to evaluate what happens when appetitive and the aversive learned odours are mixed during test. Interestingly, opposite memories compete in a way that they do not cancel each other out. Honey bees showed the ability to switch from expressing appetitive to aversive memory depending on their satiation level.

scholarly journals Relationship of sensation seeking with the neural correlates of appetitive conditioning

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 769-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabell Tapia León ◽  
Onno Kruse ◽  
Rudolf Stark ◽  
Tim Klucken
Keyword(s):  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Neutral Stimulus ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Appetitive Conditioning ◽  
Conditioning Paradigm ◽  
Imaging Results

Abstract Previous research has linked sensation seeking with a heightened risk for drug abuse and other risk-taking behavior. As appetitive conditioning presents a model for the etiology and maintenance of addictive behavior, investigating sensation seeking in a classical conditioning paradigm might elucidate possible pathways toward addiction within this model. Furthermore, the theoretical concept underlying sensation seeking proposes a negative relationship between reward processing and sensation seeking in only moderately arousing situations, which has been neglected by previous research. This study aimed to investigate this inverse relationship in moderately stimulating situations entailing reward processing using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Subjects (N = 38) participated in a classical conditioning paradigm in which a neutral stimulus (CS+) was repeatedly paired with a monetary reward, while another neutral stimulus (CS−) was not. Imaging results revealed a negative relationship between sensation seeking and neural responses in the insula, amygdala and nucleus accumbens during the early phase and in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex during the late phase of conditioning. These findings suggest reduced reward learning and consequently diminished processing of outcome expectancy in appetitive conditioning in subjects with high sensation seeking scores. The results are discussed with respect to clinical implications.

Temporal Integration in Pavlovian Appetitive Conditioning

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Sawa ◽  
Kenneth Leising ◽  
Aaron P. Blaisdell
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Integration ◽  
Appetitive Conditioning

Inhibition of delay in appetitive conditioning: Summation and retardation tests

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Rahn ◽  
Tyson L. Platt ◽  
Martha Escobar
Keyword(s):  
Appetitive Conditioning
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