scholarly journals Operant response topographies of rats receiving food or water reinforcers on FR or FI reinforcement schedules

1981 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Hull ◽  
Timothy J. Bartlett ◽  
Robert C. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Operant Response ◽  
Reinforcement Schedules

The Operant Manipulation of Vocal Pitch in Normal Speakers

1971 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Moore ◽  
Anthony Holbrook
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Oral Reading ◽  
Differential Reinforcement ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Variable Interval ◽  
Operant Response ◽  
Reinforcement Schedules ◽  
Therapeutic Technique ◽  
Vocal Pitch ◽  
Electronic Filters

A device consisting of variable electronic filters and voice-actuated relays was used to raise or lower the vocal pitch of four normal-speaking subjects by the differential reinforcement of selected frequencies emitted by them during oral reading. Continuous, fixed interval, fixed ratio, and variable interval reinforcement schedules were applied to each subject. The results of the study indicated that fundamental vocal frequency is a manipulable operant response. All reinforcement schedules examined produced high rates of response at the selected frequency for all subjects. The variable interval schedules produced the most consistent, high durations of response for all subjects. The method of manipulation of fundamental frequency investigated in the study appears to have promise as a therapeutic technique, especially for deaf speakers and clients with functional pitch disorders.

Behavioral Effects of Microwave Reinforcement Schedules and Variations in Microwave Intensity on Albino Rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Vitulli ◽  
J. Ken Lambert ◽  
Stella W. Brown ◽  
Joseph M. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Behavioral Effects ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Ratio Schedule ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Reinforcement Schedules ◽  
Continuous Reinforcement ◽  
Exploratory Investigation

The objective of this exploratory investigation was to determine the interactive effects of fixed-ratio scheduling of microwave reinforcement in tandem with changes in microwave intensity. Nine albino rats were conditioned to regulate their thermal environment with microwave radiation while living in a Skinner (operant conditioning) Box in which the ambient temperature was about 27.13°F at the beginning of the session. Each rat obtained a 6-sec. exposure of microwave radiation on a fixed-ratio schedule of MW reinforcement, the values of which varied from FR-1 to FR-30. Intensities of MW radiation were 62.5 W, 125 W, 250 W, and 437.5 W. Sessions lasted for 8 to 9 hr. over an approximate 13-mo. period. The effects of the intensity of microwave reinforcement varied as a function of the ratio value of the schedule used. Continuous reinforcement (FR-1) produced the lowest over-all rates, whereas FR-15, and FR-25 produced the highest over-all rates. Relatively higher thermal-behavior rates occurred under 62.5 W than under any of the other MW intensities for FR-1, FR-15, and FR-25, whereas FR-10 and FR-30 ratios produced intermediate rates of thermal responding which were constant for all values of MW intensity. These data are explained in terms of interactive effects between the “local” satiation or deprivation properties of the MW intensity and the ratio requirements of the schedule of MW reinforcement.

Intra- and Interspecific Observational Learning in Rats

1975 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell A. Benel
Keyword(s):  
Observational Learning ◽  
Meriones Unguiculatus ◽  
Operant Response ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Mongolian Gerbils

Observational learning of an operant response by male albino rats was compared under two modelling conditions. The interspecific models were Mongolian gerbils ( Meriones unguiculatus). There were no significant differences between the groups either in trials to acquisition or total responses. Possible limitations to the generalizability of these results were noted.

Comparison of Procedures for Promoting Reading Proficiency of Two Children with Behavioral and Learning Disorders

1980 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Gable ◽  
Richard E. Shores
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Strategies ◽  
Oral Reading ◽  
Reading Proficiency ◽  
Learning Disorders ◽  
Learning Behavior ◽  
Reinforcement Schedules ◽  
Teacher Modeling ◽  
Teacher Praise ◽  
Proficiency Level ◽  
Behavior Disordered

This study investigated the effects of two discrete teaching strategies for developing proficiency in oral reading. The use of teacher praise contingent upon pupil correct responses was compared with teacher modeling of words erred. The results clearly indicate that, for two learning/behavior disordered youngsters approaching a proficiency level in oral reading, manipulation of reinforcement schedules was demonstrated to be the more effective approach.

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