scholarly journals Enhanced neophobia induced by incentive contrast

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce R. Lombardi
Keyword(s):  
Incentive Contrast

scholarly journals Relative reward effects on operant behavior: Incentive contrast, induction and variety effects

2015 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 87-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.S. Webber ◽  
N.E. Chambers ◽  
J.A. Kostek ◽  
D.E. Mankin ◽  
H.C. Cromwell
Keyword(s):  
Operant Behavior ◽  
Incentive Contrast ◽  
Reward Effects

scholarly journals Incentive contrast following repeated shifts in magnitude of food reward in the Skinner box

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitrie Shanab ◽  
Jeff Kong ◽  
Julia Domino
Keyword(s):  
Food Reward ◽  
Incentive Contrast ◽  
Skinner Box

scholarly journals Medial frontal theta is entrained to rewarded actions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda M. Amarante ◽  
Marcelo S. Caetano ◽  
Mark Laubach
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Theta Rhythm ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Medial Frontal Cortex ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cortical Region ◽  
Incentive Contrast ◽  
Opposite Hemisphere ◽  
Fluid Delivery ◽  
Reward Value

AbstractRodents lick to consume fluids. The reward value of ingested fluids is likely to be encoded by neuronal activity entrained to the lick cycle. Here, we investigated relationships between licking and reward signaling by the medial frontal cortex [MFC], a key cortical region for reward-guided learning and decision-making. Multi-electrode recordings of spike activity and field potentials were made in male rats as they performed an incentive contrast licking task. Rats received access to higher and lower value sucrose rewards over alternating 30 sec periods. They learned to lick persistently when higher value rewards were available and to suppress licking when lower value rewards were available. Spectral analysis of spikes and fields revealed evidence for reward value being encoded by the strength of phase-locking of a 6-12 Hz theta rhythm to the rats’ lick cycle. Recordings during the initial acquisition of the task found that the strength of phase-locking to the lick cycle was strengthened with experience. A modification of the task, with a temporal gap of 2 sec added between reward deliveries, found that the rhythmic signals persisted during periods of dry licking, a finding that suggests the MFC encodes either the value of the currently available reward or the vigor with which rats act to consume it. Finally, we found that reversible inactivations of the MFC in the opposite hemisphere eliminated the encoding of reward information. Together, our findings establish that a 6-12 Hz theta rhythm, generated by the rodent medial frontal cortex, is synchronized to rewarded actions.Significance StatementThe cellular and behavioral mechanisms of reward signaling by the medial frontal cortex [MFC] have not been resolved. We report evidence for a 6-12 Hz theta rhythm that is generated by the MFC and synchronized with ongoing consummatory actions. Previous studies of MFC reward signaling have inferred value coding upon temporally sustained activity during the period of reward consumption. Our findings suggest that MFC activity is temporally sustained due to the consumption of the rewarding fluids, and not necessarily the abstract properties of the rewarding fluid. Two other major findings were that the MFC reward signals persist beyond the period of fluid delivery and are generated by neurons within the MFC.

Acquisition of Instrumental Response as a Function of Incentive Contrast

1962 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin H. Marx ◽  
W. A. Pieper
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Response ◽  
Incentive Contrast
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