scholarly journals Are there capacity limitations in symmetry perception?

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 862-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqiang Huang ◽  
Harold Pashler ◽  
Justin A. Junge
Keyword(s):  
Capacity Limitations ◽  
Symmetry Perception

Capacity limitations of dishonesty.

2019 ◽  
Vol 148 (6) ◽  
pp. 943-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Foerster ◽  
Robert Wirth ◽  
Frauke L. Berghoefer ◽  
Wilfried Kunde ◽  
Roland Pfister
Keyword(s):  
Capacity Limitations

Automatic and Strategic Processes in Advertising Effects

1996 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus G. Grunert
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Automatic Processes ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Product Involvement ◽  
High Involvement ◽  
Capacity Limitations ◽  
Brand Evaluation ◽  
Advertising Effects ◽  
Strategic Processes

The author distinguishes two kinds of cognitive processes: automatic processes, which are mostly subconscious, are learned and changed slowly and are not subject to the capacity limitations of working memory, and strategic processes, which are conscious, are subject to capacity limitations, and can easily be adapted to situational circumstances. The perception of advertising and the way it influences brand evaluation involves both processes. Automatic processes govern the recognition of advertising stimuli, the relevance decision that determines further higher-level processing, the retrieval of information, and the provision of a heuristic for brand evaluation. Strategic processes govern learning and inference formation. The relative importance of both types of processes depends on product involvement. The distinction of these two types of processes leads to some conclusions that are at variance with current notions about advertising effects. For example, the attention span problem is relevant only for strategic processes. A certain amount of learning can occur with little conscious effort, and advertising's effect on brand evaluation may be more stable for low- than for high-involvement products.

Response of Poverty Pockets to the Right-based Demand-driven MGNREGA Programme

2021 ◽  
pp. 097226612110055
Author(s):  
Sanjiv Kumar ◽  
S. Madheswaran ◽  
B. P. Vani
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implications ◽  
Capacity Limitations ◽  
Fund Allocation ◽  
Rural Employment ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Selection Approach ◽  
Poverty Elimination ◽  
The Right ◽  
Employment Guarantee

Forerunning programmes of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), which were designed as poverty elimination programmes, took notice of geographical pockets of poverty and incorporated formula-based fund allocation mechanisms to poorer states and regions. The MGNREGA programme, in contrast, used a right-based ‘self-selection’ approach— relying on the initiative of households’ demand-driven strengths—to allocate need-based resources to states and regions within states. This article examines how well the demand-driven, right-based programme with self-selection allocated resources to states and regions according to their respective needs, and to what extent the benefits reached the poverty pockets and catered to the poorest, weakest and neediest households. We find that adequate resources did not reach the poorest states and regions, substantial numbers of poor households remained outside the programme or were deemed underserved, and there was a pronounced programme capture by elite states. The article explores causes and consequences of capacity limitations and low absorption pulls among states, and points to policy implications and ways forward.

scholarly journals Symmetry perception with spiking neural networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan K. George ◽  
Cesare Soci ◽  
Mario Miscuglio ◽  
Volker J. Sorger
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Mirror Symmetry ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Coincidence Detection ◽  
Spiking Neural Networks ◽  
Feed Forward Neural Network ◽  
Neuromorphic Computing ◽  
Symmetry Perception ◽  
High Level

AbstractMirror symmetry is an abundant feature in both nature and technology. Its successful detection is critical for perception procedures based on visual stimuli and requires organizational processes. Neuromorphic computing, utilizing brain-mimicked networks, could be a technology-solution providing such perceptual organization functionality, and furthermore has made tremendous advances in computing efficiency by applying a spiking model of information. Spiking models inherently maximize efficiency in noisy environments by placing the energy of the signal in a minimal time. However, many neuromorphic computing models ignore time delay between nodes, choosing instead to approximate connections between neurons as instantaneous weighting. With this assumption, many complex time interactions of spiking neurons are lost. Here, we show that the coincidence detection property of a spiking-based feed-forward neural network enables mirror symmetry. Testing this algorithm exemplary on geospatial satellite image data sets reveals how symmetry density enables automated recognition of man-made structures over vegetation. We further demonstrate that the addition of noise improves feature detectability of an image through coincidence point generation. The ability to obtain mirror symmetry from spiking neural networks can be a powerful tool for applications in image-based rendering, computer graphics, robotics, photo interpretation, image retrieval, video analysis and annotation, multi-media and may help accelerating the brain-machine interconnection. More importantly it enables a technology pathway in bridging the gap between the low-level incoming sensor stimuli and high-level interpretation of these inputs as recognized objects and scenes in the world.

scholarly journals A Model for Demand Planning in Supply Chains with Congestion Effects

Logistics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Uday Venkatadri ◽  
Shentao Wang ◽  
Ashok Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Capacity Planning ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Capacity Limitations ◽  
Demand Planning ◽  
Clearing Functions ◽  
Order Promising ◽  
Linear Aggregate ◽  
Inner Approximation ◽  
Congestion Effects

This paper is concerned with demand planning for internal supply chains consisting of workstations, production facilities, warehouses, and transportation links. We address the issue of how to help a supplier firmly accept orders and subsequently plan to fulfill demand. We first formulate a linear aggregate planning model for demand management that incorporates elements of order promising, recipe run constraints, and capacity limitations. Using several scenarios, we discuss the use of the model in demand planning and capacity planning to help a supplier firmly respond to requests for quotations. We extend the model to incorporate congestion effects at assembly and blending nodes using clearing functions; the resulting model is nonlinear. We develop and test two algorithms to solve the nonlinear model: one based on inner approximation and the other on outer approximation.

Children's long‐term retention is directly constrained by their working memory capacity limitations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Forsberg ◽  
Dominic Guitard ◽  
Eryn J. Adams ◽  
Duangporn Pattanakul ◽  
Nelson Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Capacity Limitations ◽  
Term Retention ◽  
Long Term Retention

PRODUCTION-INVENTORY MODELS WITH AN UNRELIABLE FACILITY OPERATING IN A TWO-STATE RANDOM ENVIRONMENT

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Perry ◽  
M.J.M. Posner
Keyword(s):  
Random Environment ◽  
Compound Poisson Process ◽  
Inventory Models ◽  
Level Crossing ◽  
Capacity Limitations ◽  
Model Variant ◽  
Production Inventory ◽  
Level Process ◽  
Equilibrium Content ◽  
Production Inventory System

We consider two model variants of a production-inventory system. The system is characterized by a producing machine which is susceptible to failure following which it must be repaired to make it operative again. The machine's production can also be stopped deliberately because of stocking capacity limitations. During ON periods the input into the buffer is continuous and uniform (until a threshold is reached), whereas during OFF periods the output from the buffer is a compound Poisson process. We are interested in computing the equilibrium content level process under the assumption that full backlogging is allowed. In the first model, variant OFF periods are independent of the demand process, and in the second variant, they are determined and controlled in accordance with a certain level crossing stopping rule.

scholarly journals The effect of visual salience on memory-based choices

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arezoo Pooresmaeili ◽  
Dominik R. Bach ◽  
Raymond J. Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Visual Selective Attention ◽  
Visual Salience ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Capacity Limitations ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Task Irrelevant

Deciding whether a stimulus is the “same” or “different” from a previous presented one involves integrating among the incoming sensory information, working memory, and perceptual decision making. Visual selective attention plays a crucial role in selecting the relevant information that informs a subsequent course of action. Previous studies have mainly investigated the role of visual attention during the encoding phase of working memory tasks. In this study, we investigate whether manipulation of bottom-up attention by changing stimulus visual salience impacts on later stages of memory-based decisions. In two experiments, we asked subjects to identify whether a stimulus had either the same or a different feature to that of a memorized sample. We manipulated visual salience of the test stimuli by varying a task-irrelevant feature contrast. Subjects chose a visually salient item more often when they looked for matching features and less often so when they looked for a nonmatch. This pattern of results indicates that salient items are more likely to be identified as a match. We interpret the findings in terms of capacity limitations at a comparison stage where a visually salient item is more likely to exhaust resources leading it to be prematurely parsed as a match.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document