scholarly journals The crucial roles of stimulus matching and stimulus identity in negative priming

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin M. Macleod ◽  
Dan L. Chiappe ◽  
Elaine Fox
Keyword(s):  
Negative Priming ◽  
Stimulus Identity ◽  
Stimulus Matching

Different negative priming impairments in schizophrenia and subgroups of obsessive–compulsive disorder

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. HOENIG ◽  
A. HOCHREIN ◽  
D. J. MÜLLER ◽  
M. WAGNER
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Negative Priming ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Stimulus Interval ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cardinal Numbers ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Stimulus Identity ◽  
Inhibitory Functioning ◽  
Normal Controls

Background. Inhibitory functioning is assumed to be deficient in some psychiatric disorders, most notably in patients with schizophrenia and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). In order to investigate inhibitory functioning, priming tasks are commonly used. The present paradigm offers the opportunity to isolate specific distractor features (identity, location) for independent examination.Methods. Negative priming (NP) for stimulus identity and location was examined in patients with schizophrenia (N = 16), patients with OCD (N = 15) and matched controls (N = 16). All groups performed a referent size-selection task in which they were instructed successively to select the larger one of two cardinal numbers. The deeper processing of both stimuli was expected to yield large NP effects that allow the detection of subtle group differences.Results. Large NP effects were found for stimulus identity in all three groups. Schizophrenic patients differed from normal controls with respect to the amount of incidental location priming. Subgroup analyses of OCD patients showed NP impairments for checkers when the response–stimulus interval (RSI) was short, but large identity NP when the RSI was long. OCD non-checkers showed normal NP patterns with short RSI, but reduced identity NP with longer RSI.Conclusions. Schizophrenic patients do not show the ability to use spatial selective attention in order to guide their actions as shown by normal controls. Information processing was differentially impaired in OCD subgroups (checkers and non-checkers) dependent on RSI variation. This result supports those studies that found reduced NP in OCD patients and points to the necessity of differential subgroup studies.

The Level of Reaction Time Determines the ERP Correlates of Auditory Negative Priming

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Mayr ◽  
Michael Niedeggen ◽  
Axel Buchner ◽  
Guido Orgs
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Negative Priming ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Negative Priming Effect ◽  
Episodic Retrieval ◽  
Time Level ◽  
Fast Reactions ◽  
Priming Condition

Responding to a stimulus that had to be ignored previously is usually slowed-down (negative priming effect). This study investigates the reaction time and ERP effects of the negative priming phenomenon in the auditory domain. Thirty participants had to categorize sounds as musical instruments or animal voices. Reaction times were slowed-down in the negative priming condition relative to two control conditions. This effect was stronger for slow reactions (above intraindividual median) than for fast reactions (below intraindividual median). ERP analysis revealed a parietally located negativity of the negative priming condition compared to the control conditions between 550-730 ms poststimulus. This replicates the findings of Mayr, Niedeggen, Buchner, and Pietrowsky (2003) . The ERP correlate was more pronounced for slow trials (above intraindividual median) than for fast trials (below intraindividual median). The dependency of the negative priming effect size on the reaction time level found in the reaction time analysis as well as in the ERP analysis is consistent with both the inhibition as well as the episodic retrieval account of negative priming. A methodological artifact explanation of this effect-size dependency is discussed and discarded.

An ERP Investigation of Semantic Priming, Repetition Priming, and Negative Priming in Schizophrenic Patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wagner ◽  
Lioba Baving ◽  
Patrick Berg ◽  
Rudolf Cohen ◽  
Brigitte Rockstroh
Keyword(s):  
Negative Priming ◽  
Repetition Priming ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Positive Priming ◽  
Retrieval Processes ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Late Positive Complex ◽  
Automatic Memory

The processing of attended and nonattended stimuli in schizophrenic patients was examined with event-related potentials (ERPs) in a lexical decision task. In positive semantic and repetition priming the N400 amplitude did not differ between a group of 17 medicated schizophrenic patients and a group of 20 matched healthy controls. However, negative priming affected the N400 only in controls. Reaction time effects were dissociated from these ERP effects, with patients showing stronger positive priming than controls but identical negative priming. The semantic processes related to the N400 appear to be intact in schizophrenic patients, but patients seem to incorporate less context information (about the nonattended prime) in their episodic memory traces. A stronger increase of the posterior late positive complex in parallel to the stronger positive priming in schizophrenic patients may reflect relatively stronger automatic memory retrieval processes in patients.

Negative priming without ignoring

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Milliken ◽  
Tim Wood
Keyword(s):  
Negative Priming

Aging and perceptual cures in negative priming

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan M. McDowd ◽  
Fani Loula ◽  
Maggie Shiffrar
Keyword(s):  
Negative Priming
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