Sequential processing of cues in memory-based multiattribute decisions

Reading ability seems to involve analytic-sequential processing of selected letters and a holistic-simultaneous perception of the salient features of the entire word. The dyslexic child, being normal in intelligence, is most likely deficient in either one of the two processes while being normal in the other. To test this hypothesis, 28 reading disabled children, on the basis of the nature of errors made in a writing from dictation task, were divided into two groups: analytic-sequential deficient and holistic-simultaneous deficient. Further testing showed that the first group was poor in processing a sequence of digits but normal on holistic-simultaneous memory tasks. The opposite pattern of performance was shown by the second group. A control group of 14 normal readers did not show such an imbalance.

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Secretion of Polypeptide Crystals from Tetrahymena thermophila Secretory Organelles (Mucocysts) Depends on Processing by a Cysteine Cathepsin, Cth4p

Eukaryotic Cell ◽

10.1128/ec.00058-15 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 817-833 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Santosh Kumar ◽

Joseph S. Briguglio ◽

Aaron P. Turkewitz

Keyword(s):

Tetrahymena Thermophila ◽

Secretory Granules ◽

Content Type ◽

Sequential Processing ◽

Cysteine Cathepsin ◽

Endoproteolytic Cleavage ◽

Extracellular Stimuli ◽

Peptide Secretion ◽

Processing Steps

ABSTRACT In many organisms, sophisticated mechanisms facilitate release of peptides in response to extracellular stimuli. In the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila , efficient peptide secretion depends on specialized vesicles called mucocysts that contain dense crystalline cores that expand rapidly during exocytosis. Core assembly depends of endoproteolytic cleavage of mucocyst proproteins by an aspartyl protease, cathepsin 3 ( CTH3 ). Here, we show that a second enzyme identified by expression profiling, Cth4p, is also required for processing of proGrl proteins and for assembly of functional mucocysts. Cth4p is a cysteine cathepsin that localizes partially to endolysosomal structures and appears to act downstream of, and may be activated by, Cth3p. Disruption of CTH4 results in cells (Δ cth4 ) that show aberrant trimming of Grl proproteins, as well as grossly aberrant mucocyst exocytosis. Surprisingly, Δ cth4 cells succeed in assembling crystalline mucocyst cores. However, those cores do not undergo normal directional expansion during exocytosis, and they thus fail to efficiently extrude from the cells. We could phenocopy the Δ cth4 defects by mutating conserved catalytic residues, indicating that the in vivo function of Cth4p is enzymatic. Our results indicate that as for canonical proteins packaged in animal secretory granules, the maturation of mucocyst proproteins involves sequential processing steps. The Δ cth4 defects uncouple, in an unanticipated way, the assembly of mucocyst cores and their subsequent expansion and thereby reveal a previously unsuspected aspect of polypeptide secretion in ciliates.

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Predictive learning as a network mechanism for extracting low-dimensional latent space representations

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-21696-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Stefano Recanatesi ◽

Matthew Farrell ◽

Guillaume Lajoie ◽

Sophie Deneve ◽

Mattia Rigotti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Latent Variables ◽

Latent Structure ◽

Network Activity ◽

Semantic Organization ◽

Sequential Processing ◽

Predictive Learning ◽

Neural Representations ◽

Latent Space ◽

Low Dimensional ◽

Sensory Prediction

AbstractArtificial neural networks have recently achieved many successes in solving sequential processing and planning tasks. Their success is often ascribed to the emergence of the task’s low-dimensional latent structure in the network activity – i.e., in the learned neural representations. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that a means for generating representations with easily accessed low-dimensional latent structure, possibly reflecting an underlying semantic organization, is through learning to predict observations about the world. Specifically, we ask whether and when network mechanisms for sensory prediction coincide with those for extracting the underlying latent variables. Using a recurrent neural network model trained to predict a sequence of observations we show that network dynamics exhibit low-dimensional but nonlinearly transformed representations of sensory inputs that map the latent structure of the sensory environment. We quantify these results using nonlinear measures of intrinsic dimensionality and linear decodability of latent variables, and provide mathematical arguments for why such useful predictive representations emerge. We focus throughout on how our results can aid the analysis and interpretation of experimental data.

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Achievement in School in Relation to Simultaneous and Sequential Cognitive Processes among Young Egyptian Students

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1997.84.3c.1139 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 84 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 1139-1148 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Fadia Z. Elwan

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Processing ◽

Cognitive Processes ◽

Sequential Analysis ◽

School Achievement ◽

Reading Scores ◽

Sequential Processing ◽

Simultaneous Synthesis ◽

And Performance ◽

The Relationship ◽

Reading Decoding

The present study was designed to examine whether a relationship exists between scores on simultaneous and sequential cognitive processes, on one hand, and performance on the Reading Decoding and Arithmetic subtests of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K–ABC), on the other hand, using a sample of 170 Egyptian school children in Grades 1, 3, and 5. To examine the differential magnitudes of the relationship between scores for cognitive processing and school achievement a two by two (simultaneous × sequential) analysis of variance was calculated with reading decoding and arithmetic scores as dependent variables. The results indicated that cognitive processing, especially simultaneous synthesis, is related to arithmetic as well as decoding during reading. Scores on sequential processing were not significantly related to scores for decoding reading and may not be important as simultaneous processing for mathematical skills. The findings were interpreted in the context of the Arabic orthographic system and in view of the nature of the cognitive and mathematical tasks employed in this study.

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A sequential processing strategy for the ATLAS event selection

1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Conference Record ◽

10.1109/nssmic.1996.590930 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

J. Bystricky ◽

D. Calvet ◽

J. Ernwein ◽

O. Gachelin ◽

T. Hansl-Kozanecka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Processing Strategy ◽

Event Selection ◽

Sequential Processing

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A NOVEL DIVISION ALGORITHM AND ARCHITECTURES FOR PARALLEL AND SEQUENTIAL PROCESSING

Journal of Circuits System and Computers ◽

10.1142/s0218126605002295 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 14 (02) ◽

pp. 281-295

Author(s):

K. TATAS ◽

D. J. SOUDRIS ◽

D. SIOMOS ◽

A. THANAILAKIS

Keyword(s):

Variable Number ◽

Point Of View ◽

Division Algorithm ◽

Cost Performance ◽

Sequential Processing ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Computation Analysis ◽

Division Operation ◽

Partial Division

A new algorithm for reducing the division operation to a series of smaller divisions is introduced. Partitioning the dividend into segments, we perform divisions, shifts, and accumulations taking into account the weight of dividend bits. Each partial division can be performed by any existing division algorithm. From an algorithmic point of view, computation analysis is performed in comparison with the existing algorithms. From an implementation point of view, since the division can be performed by any existing divider, the designer can choose the divider which best meets his specifications. Although the algorithm is presented for integer numbers, it can be easily generalized for fractions, since it is only a matter of representation. Two possible implementations of the algorithm, namely the sequential and parallel are derived, with several variations, allowing performance, cost, and cost/performance trade-offs. Exhaustive comparisons of the derived implementations with many existing implementations in terms of area cost, performance, and cost/performance are done. A plethora of alternative implementations can be derived due to a variable number of partitions.

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