scholarly journals Retrieval-induced forgetting in implicit memory tests: The role of test awareness

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gino Camp ◽  
Diane Pecher ◽  
Henk G. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Induced Forgetting

Assessing the inhibitory account of retrieval-induced forgetting with implicit-memory tests.

2002 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1111-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Perfect ◽  
Christopher J. A. Moulin ◽  
Martin A. Conway ◽  
Elizabeth Perry
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Induced Forgetting

The role of flexibility in implicit memory

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn Hartman ◽  
Debra Evans
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Memory

scholarly journals Evidence against hyperspecificity in implicit invariant learning

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1109-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben R. Newell ◽  
James E. H. Bright
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Perceptual Salience ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Perceptual Characteristics

Four experiments examined the claim that cross-format transfer in invariant learning is reliant solely on the presence of repetition structure in study and test strings (Stadler, Warren, Lesch, 2000). Experiments 1, 2, and 3 used strings with no repetitions and found significant cross-format transfer in combination with a non-significant transfer decrement - no significant difference between same- and changed-format conditions. Further investigation of the basis of the role of repetition structure revealed an emphasis on the perceptual salience of test stimuli (Experiment 4). Our results contrast with those of Stadler et al. and suggest that under the conditions we employed invariant learning is not highly sensitive to changes in the perceptual characteristics of stimuli and therefore is inaccurately described as hyper specific. We suggest that the term hyper specific be reserved for cases in which minor format changes result in significant performance impairments - for example, typographical effects in implicit memory.

Direct comparison of four implicit memory tests.

1993 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suparna Rajaram ◽  
Henry L. Roediger
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Memory Tests

scholarly journals Role of α7- and α4β2-nAChRs in the neuroprotective effect of nicotine in stress-induced impairment of hippocampus-dependent memory

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1105-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karem H. Alzoubi ◽  
Marisa Srivareerat ◽  
Trinh T. Tran ◽  
Karim A. Alkadhi
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Nicotine Treatment ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Α7 Nachrs

Abstract We have previously shown that nicotine prevents stress-induced memory impairment. In this study, we have investigated the role of α7- and α4β2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the protective effect of nicotine during chronic stress conditions. Chronic psychosocial stress was induced using a form of rat intruder model. During stress, specific antagonist for either α7-nAChRs [methyllycaconitine (MLA)] or α4β2-nAChRs [dihydro-β-erythroidine (DHβE)] was infused into the hippocampus using a 4-wk osmotic pump at a rate of 82 µg/side.d and 41 µg/side.d, respectively. Three weeks after the start of infusion, all rats were subjected to a series of cognitive tests in the radial arm water maze (RAWM) for six consecutive days or until the animal reached days to criterion (DTC) in the fourth acquisition trial and in all memory tests. DTC is defined as the number of days the animal takes to make no more than one error in three consecutive days. In the short-term memory test, MLA-infused stressed/nicotine-treated rats made similar errors to those of stress and significantly more errors compared to those of stress/nicotine, nicotine or control groups. This finding was supported by the DTC values for the short memory tests. Thus, MLA treatment blocked the neuroprotective effect of nicotine during chronic stress. In contrast, DHβE infusion did not affect the RAWM performance of stress/nicotine animals. These results strongly suggest the involvement of α7-nAChRs, but not α4β2-nAChRs, in the neuroprotective effect of chronic nicotine treatment during chronic stress conditions.

Intact Perceptual Priming in a Patient with Damage to the Anterior Inferior Temporal Lobes

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavitha Srinivas ◽  
Sarah D. Breedin ◽  
H. Branch Coslett ◽  
Eleanor M. Saffran
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Perceptual Priming ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Neuropsychological Examination ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Visual Objects ◽  
Novel Objects ◽  
Structural Descriptions

We conducted three experiments to examine whether the anterior portion of the inferior temporal (IT) lobe is involved in the processing of visual objects in humans. In monkeys, damage to this region results in severe deficits in perception and in memory for visual objects. Our study was designed to examine both these processes in a patient (DM) with bilateral damage to the anterior portion of the inferior temporal lobe. Neuropsychological examination revealed a significant semantic impairment and a mild deficit in the discrimination of familiar objects from nonobjects. Despite these difficulties, the results of several studies indicated that DM was able to form and retain descriptions of the structure of objects. Specifically, DM showed normal perceptual priming for familiar and novel objects on implicit memory tests, even when the objects were transformed in size and left-right orientation. These results suggest that the anterior IT is not'involved in (1) the storage of pre-existing structural descriptions of known objects, (2) the ability to create new structural descriptions for novel objects, and (3) the ability to compute descriptions that are invariant with respect to changes in size and reflection. Instead, the anterior IT appears to provide the interface between structural descriptions of objects and their meanings.

Priming deficits in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 987-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Burke ◽  
R. G. Knight ◽  
F. M. Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Repetition Priming ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Stem Completion ◽  
Alzheimer Type ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Orientation Task ◽  
Semantic Orientation

SynopsisIn a study that replicated the procedures used by Salmon et al. (1988), the effect on stem completion performance of two different semantic orientation tasks has been assessed in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Previously reported findings of impairment in repetition priming in Alzheimer patients were confirmed. Performance was not affected by the nature of the orientation task. No significant correlations were found between explicit and implicit memory tests. The results are discussed in the context of a hypothesized parallel decline in explicit and implicit memory systems.

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