scholarly journals Good continuation affects discrimination of visual pattern information in young infants

2005 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1171-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Quinn ◽  
Ramesh S. Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Visual Pattern ◽  
Good Continuation ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Pattern Information

Development of Form Similarity as a Gestalt Grouping Principle in Infancy

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Quinn ◽  
Ramesh S. Bhatt ◽  
Diana Brush ◽  
Autumn Grimes ◽  
Heather Sharpnack
Keyword(s):  
Processing Time ◽  
Visual Pattern ◽  
Novelty Preference ◽  
Gestalt Principles ◽  
Gestalt Principle ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Gestalt Grouping ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Pattern Information

Given evidence demonstrating that infants 3 months of age and younger can utilize the Gestalt principle of lightness similarity to group visually presented elements into organized percepts, four experiments using the familiarization/novelty-preference procedure were conducted to determine whether infants can also organize visual pattern information in accord with the Gestalt principle of form similarity. In Experiments 1 and 2, 6- to 7-month-olds, but not 3- to 4-month-olds, presented with generalization and discrimination tasks involving arrays of X and O elements responded as if they organized the elements into columns or rows based on form similarity. Experiments 3 and 4 demonstrated that the failure of the young infants to use form similarity was not due to insufficient processing time or the inability to discriminate between the individual X and O elements. The results suggest that different Gestalt principles may become functional over different time courses of development, and that not all principles are automatically deployed in the manner originally proposed by Gestalt theorists.

Young infants readily use proximity to organize visual pattern information

2008 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Quinn ◽  
Ramesh S. Bhatt ◽  
Angela Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Visual Pattern ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Pattern Information

The Nature and Limits of Orientation and Pattern Processing Supporting Visuomotor Control in a Visual Form Agnosic

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Goodale ◽  
L. S. Jakobson ◽  
A. D. Milner ◽  
D. I. Perrett ◽  
P. J. Benson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Good Continuation ◽  
Visual Stream ◽  
Visual Form ◽  
Visuomotor Transformations ◽  
Correct Orientation ◽  
Visuomotor Skills ◽  
Pattern Information

We have previously reported that a patient (DF) with visual form agnosia shows accurate guidance of hand and finger movements with respect to the size, orientation, and shape of the objects to which her movements are directed. Despite this, she is unable to indicate any knowledge about these object properties. In the present study, we investigated the extent to which DF is able to use visual shape or pattern to guide her hand movements. In the first experiment, we found that when presented with a stimulus aperture cut in the shape of the letter T, DF was able to guide a T-shaped form into it on about half of the trials, across a range of different stimulus orientations. On the remaining trials, her responses were almost always perpendicular to the correct Orientation. Thus, the visual information guiding the rotation of DF's hand appears to be limited to a single orientation. In other words, the visuomotor transformations mediating her hand rotation appear to be unable to combine the orientations of the stem and the top of the T, although they are sensitive to the orientation of the element(s) that comprise the T. In a second experiment, we examined her ability to use different sources of visual information to guide her hand rotation. In this experiment, DF was required to guide the leading edge of a hand-held card onto a rectangular target positioned at dHerent orientations on a flat surface. Here the orientation of her hand was determined primarily by the predominant orientation of the luminance edge elements present in the stimulus, rather than by information about orientation that was conveyed by nonluminance boundaries. Little evidence was found for an ability to use contour boundaries defined by Gestalt principles of grouping (good continuation or similarity) or “nonaccidental” image properties (colinearity) to guide her movements. We have argued elsewhere that the dorsal visual pathway from occipital to parietal cortex may underlie these preserved visuomotor skills in DF. If so, the limitations in her ability to use different kinds of “pattern” information to guide her hand rotation suggest that such information may need to be transmitted from the ventral visual stream to these parietal areas to enable the full range of prehensive acts in the intact individual.

Food for Thought on Pediatric Feeding and Swallowing

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan C. Arvedson
Keyword(s):  
Developmentally Appropriate ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Silent Aspiration ◽  
Multiple Systems ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Adequate Understanding ◽  
Nutrition And Hydration ◽  
Pediatric Feeding ◽  
Areas Of Concern ◽  
And Function

Abstract “Food for Thought” provides an opportunity for review of pertinent topics to add to updates in areas of concern for professionals involved with feeding and swallowing issues in infants and children. Given the frequency with which speech-language pathologists (SLPs) make decisions to alter feedings when young infants demonstrate silent aspiration on videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS), the need for increased understanding about cough and its development/maturation is a high priority. In addition, understanding of the role(s) of laryngeal chemoreflexes (LCRs), relationships (or lack of relationships) between cough and esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux (GER), and chronic salivary aspiration is critical. Decision making regarding management must take into account multiple systems and their interactions in order to provide safe feeding for all children to meet nutrition and hydration needs without being at risk for pulmonary problems. The responsibility is huge and should encourage all to search the literature so that clinical practice is as evidence-based as possible; this often requires adequate understanding of developmentally appropriate neurophysiology and function.

Hearing and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Young Infants with Parechovirus-A and Enterovirus Meningitis: Cohort Study in Singapore Children and Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elis Yuexian Lee ◽  
Jessica Hui Yin Tan ◽  
Chew Thye Choong ◽  
Nancy Wen Sim Tee ◽  
Chia Yin Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Cortical Blindness ◽  
Speech Delay ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Young Infants

Abstract Parechovirus-A (PeV-A) and Enterovirus (EV) commonly cause childhood aseptic meningitis. Bacterial meningitis in children has been associated with devastating long-term sequelae. However, developmental outcomes are unclear in Parechovirus meningitis. This study aims to review the clinical findings and developmental outcomes of infants with PeV-A and EV meningitis. We performed a retrospective study of infants aged 90 days or younger being admitted to our hospital with PeV-A meningitis between November 2015 and July 2017, with positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) PeV-A PCR and negative blood and CSF bacterial cultures. Hearing and neurodevelopmental outcomes were compared with a previous cohort of infants aged 90 days or younger with EV meningitis admitted from January 2015 to December 2015. A total of 161 infants were included in our study, of which 68 infants (42.2%) had PeV-A meningitis and 93 infants (57.8%) had EV meningitis. We assessed their developmental outcome at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years post-meningitis. At 2 years post-meningitis, three infants with PeV-A meningitis had developmental delay (5.5%), whereas none with EV meningitis had developmental delay. One patient had speech delay and autism spectrum disorder, while two had mild speech delay. When compared with our cohort of EV meningitis ≤90 days old, children with PeV-A meningitis ≤90 days old were more likely to have developmental delay 2 years post-meningitis (odds ratio 2.4, 95% confidence interval 2.0–3.0, p = 0.043). None of the patients with PeV-A or EV meningitis had sensorineural hearing loss or neurological sequelae, such as cortical blindness, oropharyngeal dysphagia, hydrocephalus, epilepsy, or cerebral palsy. Infants with PeV-A meningitis had a significant risk of developmental delay 2 years post-meningitis compared with those with EV meningitis. It is important to follow-up the developmental milestones of infants diagnosed with PeV-A meningitis for at least 2 years; and when they develop developmental delay, to ensure that they receive appropriate intervention.

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