Enhanced production and perception of musical pitch in tone language speakers

2009 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1385-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Q. Pfordresher ◽  
Steven Brown
Keyword(s):  
Tone Language ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Musical Pitch

scholarly journals Musicians and tone-language speakers share enhanced brainstem encoding but not perceptual benefits for musical pitch

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin M. Bidelman ◽  
Jackson T. Gandour ◽  
Ananthanarayan Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Tone Language ◽  
Musical Pitch

scholarly journals Speaking a tone language enhances musical pitch perception in 3-5-year-olds

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. e12503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah C. Creel ◽  
Mengxing Weng ◽  
Genyue Fu ◽  
Gail D. Heyman ◽  
Kang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Pitch Perception ◽  
Tone Language ◽  
Musical Pitch

Tone–Melody Matching in tone-Language Singing

2020 ◽  
pp. 675-688
Author(s):  
D. Robert Ladd ◽  
James Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Text Setting ◽  
Tone Language ◽  
Important Principle ◽  
Musical Pitch ◽  
Pitch Direction ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Musical Genres ◽  
Pitch Movement

Singing in tone languages has been the subject of a good deal of research, which shows that text-setting constraints are the heart of the solution to respecting both the linguistic and the musical functions of pitch. The most important principle in maintaining intelligibility of song texts seems to be the avoidance of contrary settings: musical pitch movement up or down from one syllable to the next should not be the opposite of the linguistically specified pitch direction. This chapter reviews the variations on this theme that have been described in the recent literature, including differences between languages and musical genres. It briefly considers how tonal text-setting might be incorporated into a general theory that includes traditional European metrics.

Activation of cytochrome c to a peroxidase compound I-type intermediate by H2O2: relevance to redox signalling in apoptosis

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Burkitt ◽  
Clare Jones ◽  
Andrew Lawrence ◽  
Peter Wardman
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Tyrosyl Radical ◽  
Compound I ◽  
Definitive Evidence ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Physico Chemical

The release of cytochrome c from mitochondria during apoptosis results in the enhanced production of superoxide radicals, which are converted to H2O2 by Mn-superoxide dismutase. We have been concerned with the role of cytochrome c/H2O2 in the induction of oxidative stress during apoptosis. Our initial studies showed that cytochrome c is a potent catalyst of 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin oxidation, thereby explaining the increased rate of production of the fluorophore 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein in apoptotic cells. Although it has been speculated that the oxidizing species may be a ferryl-haem intermediate, no definitive evidence for the formation of such a species has been reported. Alternatively, it is possible that the hydroxyl radical may be generated, as seen in the reaction of certain iron chelates with H2O2. By examining the effects of radical scavengers on 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin oxidation by cytochrome c/H2O2, together with complementary EPR studies, we have demonstrated that the hydroxyl radical is not generated. Our findings point, instead, to the formation of a peroxidase compound I species, with one oxidizing equivalent present as an oxo-ferryl haem intermediate and the other as the tyrosyl radical identified by Barr and colleagues [Barr, Gunther, Deterding, Tomer and Mason (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 15498-15503]. Studies with spin traps indicated that the oxo-ferryl haem is the active oxidant. These findings provide a physico-chemical basis for the redox changes that occur during apoptosis. Excessive changes (possibly catalysed by cytochrome c) may have implications for the redox regulation of cell death, including the sensitivity of tumour cells to chemotherapeutic agents.

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