scholarly journals The Correlation between the Body Mass Index and the Humoral Immune Response

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rojan Al-Allaff
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
The Body ◽  
Humoral Immune

Diet quality affects postnuptial molting and feather quality of the house sparrow (Passer domesticus): interaction with humoral immune function?

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 834-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter László Pap ◽  
Csongor István Vágási ◽  
Gábor Árpád Czirják ◽  
Zoltán Barta
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
The Body ◽  
House Sparrows ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Quality Food

We investigated the effects of nutritional limitation, humoral immune activation, and their interaction on postnuptial molting of aviary-kept house sparrows ( Passer domesticus (L., 1758)). In a 2 × 2 experimental design, we measured the progress of molting and the quality of feathers produced during molting by house sparrows exposed to different diet qualities (high and low) and humoral immune activation with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Food quality, but not the activation of humoral immunity, affected significantly the body mass and the process of molting. Sparrows feeding on low-quality food had decreased body mass and longer molts than the high-quality group. Low-quality food, but not the activation of humoral immunity, reduced significantly the length and mass (i.e., the quality) of primaries grown during molting. Birds responded significantly to injection with SRBC compared with the control group, but the immune response was similar between nutritional groups. The absence of a negative effect of humoral immunity on molting in house sparrows might be related to the low energy and nutritional requirements of mounting and maintaining a humoral immune response.

Vaccination strategies in atherosclerosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 796-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Kuiper ◽  
Saskia de Jager
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Passive Immunisation ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Vaccination Strategies ◽  
Self Antigens

SummaryThe treatment of atherosclerosis is currently based on lipid lowering in combination with anti-inflammatory therapies that slow the progression of atherosclerosis. Still, we are not able to fully inhibit the formation or progression of atherosclerotic lesions. A very effective strategy in other disease pathologies is vaccination, in which the body is challenged with the culprit protein or micro-organism in order to create a highly specific humoral immune-response. Immunisation can typically be divided into active or passive immunisation. Active immunisation occurs naturally when the body is exposed to certain microbes or antigens, but also artificially in the case of vaccination. Exposure to a microbe or antigen will result in the production of (antigen specific) antibodies. Passive immunisation is defined as the transfer of humoral immunity (as a result of antibody transfer). Another mechanism to ensure immune-protection is tolerance induction. Immune tolerance occurs naturally to prevent immune responses to ‘self-antigens’, but can also be induced to non-self antigens. Acquired tolerance to foreign antigens is accompanied by suppression of cellular and/or humoral immune response to the introduced antigen. In its most effective way, vaccination can result in a lifelong protection against the targeted pathology, and therefore the development of an atherosclerosis-specific vaccination is of high importance in the future prevention of atherosclerosis. One of the difficulties in developing effective vaccination strategies for atherosclerosis is the selection of a specific antigen to target. So far vaccination strategies have been based on targeting of lipidantigens, inflammation-derived antigens, and recently cell-based vaccination strategies have been employed; but also the cardiovascular ‘side-effects’ of infection-based vaccines are worthy of our attention. This review describes the current status-quo on classical antibody associated vaccination strategies but also includes promising immunemodulation approaches that may lead to a clinical application.

scholarly journals Humoral Immune Response to Keyhole Limpet Haemocyanin, the Protein Carrier in Cancer Vaccines

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kantele ◽  
M. P. Häkkinen ◽  
J. Zivny ◽  
C. O. Elson ◽  
J. Mestecky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
The Body ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Keyhole Limpet Haemocyanin ◽  
Protein Carrier ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Immune Response To Cancer

Keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) appears to be a promising protein carrier for tumor antigens in numerous cancer vaccine candidates. The humoral immune response to KLH was characterized at the single-cell level with ELISPOT combined with separations of cell populations according to their expression of homing receptors (HRs). The analysis of HR expressions is expected to reveal the targeting of the immune response in the body. Eight orally primed and four nonprimed volunteers received KLH-vaccine subcutaneously. Circulating KLH-specific plasmablasts were found in all volunteers, 60 KLH-specific plasmablasts/106PBMC in the nonprimed and 136/106in the primed group. The proportion of L-selectin+plasmablasts proved high and integrinα4β7+low. KLH serving as protein carrier in several vaccines, the homing profile of KLH-specific response may be applicable to the cancer antigen parts in the same vaccines. The present data reflect a systemic homing profile, which appears advantageous for the targeting of immune response to cancer vaccines.

191: Does the Body Mass Index Affect the Outcome Following Reconstruction of Orthotopic Neobladder?

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 64-64
Author(s):  
Murugesan Manoharan ◽  
Martha A. Reyes ◽  
Alan M. Nieder ◽  
Bruce R. Kava ◽  
MarkS Soloway
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Orthotopic Neobladder

EFFECT OF BODY MASS INDEX ON PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Subramanyam ◽  
Dr. P. Subhash Babu
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Group B

Obesity has become one of the major health issues in India. WHO defines obesity as “A condition with excessive fat accumulation in the body to the extent that the health and wellbeing are adversely affected”. Obesity results from a complex interaction of genetic, behavioral, environmental and socioeconomic factors causing an imbalance in energy production and expenditure. Peak expiratory flow rate is the maximum rate of airflow that can be generated during forced expiratory manoeuvre starting from total lung capacity. The simplicity of the method is its main advantage. It is measured by using a standard Wright Peak Flow Meter or mini Wright Meter. The aim of the study is to see the effect of body mass index on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate values in young adults. The place of a study was done tertiary health care centre, in India for the period of 6 months. Study was performed on 80 subjects age group 20 -30 years, categorised as normal weight BMI =18.5 -24.99 kg/m2 and overweight BMI =25-29.99 kg/m2. There were 40 normal weight BMI (Group A) and 40 over weight BMI (Group B). BMI affects PEFR. Increase in BMI decreases PEFR. Early identification of risk individuals prior to the onset of disease is imperative in our developing country. Keywords: BMI, PEFR.

Visual body processing’s associations to Body Mass Index and internalization of societal beauty ideals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Cazzato ◽  
Elizabeth Walters ◽  
Cosimo Urgesi
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Configural Processing ◽  
Cultural Ideals ◽  
Beauty Ideals ◽  
Female Bodies ◽  
Processing Mechanisms ◽  
Attention To Detail

We examined whether visual processing mechanisms of the body of conspecifics are different in women and men and whether these rely on westernised socio-cultural ideals and body image concerns. Twenty-four women and 24 men performed a visual discrimination task of upright or inverted images of female or male bodies and faces (Experiment 1) and objects (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, both groups of women and men showed comparable abilities in the discrimination of upright and inverted bodies and faces. However, the genders of the human stimuli yielded different effects on participants’ performance, so that male bodies and female faces appeared to be processed less configurally than female bodies and male faces, respectively. Interestingly, altered configural processing for male bodies was significantly predicted by participants’ Body Mass Index (BMI) and their level of internalization of muscularity. Our findings suggest that configural visual processing of bodies and faces in women and men may be linked to a selective attention to detail needed for discriminating salient physical (perhaps sexual) cues of conspecifics. Importantly, BMI and muscularity internalization of beauty ideals may also play a crucial role in this mechanism.

STEROID RECEPTOR PHENOTYPE, EXPRESSION OF HER-2/NEU, PD-1, PD-L1 AND LYMPHOCYTIC-MACROPHAGAL INFILTRATION OF ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMAS: COMPARISON OF MODERN MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL TYPES OF THE DISEASE (THE ROLE OF BODY MASS INDEX)

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Lev Bershteyn ◽  
Aleksandr Ivantsov ◽  
Aglaya Ievleva ◽  
A. Venina ◽  
I. Berlev
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Total N ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Her 2

The aim of this study was to evaluate steroid receptors’ status of tumor tissue in different molecular biological types of endometrial cancer (EC), subdivided according to the current classification, and their colonization by lymphocytic and macrophage cells, taking into account body mass index of the patients. Materials and methods: Material from treatment-naive patients with EC (total n = 229) was included; the number of sick persons varied depending on the method used. The average age of patients was close to 60 years, and about 90% of them were postmenopausal. It was possible to divide the results of the work into two main subgroups: a) depending on the molecular biological type of the tumor (determined on the basis of genetic and immunohistochemical analysis), and b) depending on the value of the body mass index (BMI). The latter approach was used in patients with EC type demonstrating a defective mismatch repair of the incorrectly paired nucleotides (MMR-D) and with a type without characteristic molecular profile signs (WCMP), but was not applied (due to the smaller number of patients) in EC types with a POLE gene mutation or with expression of the oncoprotein p53. According to the data obtained, when comparing various types of EC, the lowest values of Allred ER and PR scores were revealed for POLE-mutant and p53 types, while the “triple-negative” variant of the tumor (ER-, PR-, HER2/neu-) was most common in POLE-mutant (45.5% of cases) and WCMP (19.4%) types of EC. The p53+ type of EC is characterized by inclination to the higher expression of the macrophage marker CD68 and lymphocytic Foxp3, as well as mRNA of PD-1 and SALL4. In addition to the said above, for WCMP type of EC is peculiar, on the contrary, a decrease in the expression of lymphocytic markers CD8 (protein) and PD-L1 (mRNA). When assessing the role of BMI, its value of >30.0 (characteristic for obesity) was combined with an inclination to the increase of HER-2/neu expression in the case of MMR-D EC type and to the decrease of HER-2 /neu, FOXp3 and ER expression in WCMP type. Conclusions: The accumulated information (mainly describing here hormonal sensitivity of the tumor tissue and its lymphocytic-macrophage infiltration) additionally confirms our earlier expressed opinion that the differences between women with EC are determined by both the affiliation of the neoplasm to one or another molecular biological type (subdivided according to the contemporary classification), as well as by body mass value and (very likely) the associated hormonal and metabolic attributes.

Prevalence and severity of asthma among adolescents and their relationship with the body mass index

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor E. Cassol ◽  
Tiago M. Rizzato ◽  
Stefania P. Teche ◽  
Débora F. Basso ◽  
Vânia N. Hirakata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body
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