scholarly journals Determining the Genetic Action of Water and Nitrogen Utilisation Efficiency in Maize (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esraa Al-Boush ◽  
Ayman Al-Ouda
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Gene Effect ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Utilisation Efficiency ◽  
Positive Heterosis

A study to observe and record the mode of gene action involved in some quantitative and physiological traits of three maize hybrids using generation mean analysis was conducted at Abu Garash Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, during two growing seasons (2018 and 2019). Genotypes were compared using Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. Significant differences in all studied traits for six populations within each cross were found. There was significant positive heterosis relative to intermediate and better parents for most studied traits of hybrids, except in nitrogen utilization efficiency. Most of the genetic parameters were significant for the three hybrids, indicating the importance of epistasis in the inheritance of studied traits. The dominance gene effect was more pronounced than the additive gene effect in the inheritance for all traits. The values of the phenotypic coefficient of variance were greater than the values of the genotypic coefficient of variance, indicating the effect of environmental factors on the expression of the studied traits. High narrow-sense heritability values were associated with high genetic advance for nitrogen use efficiency and biological yield per plant. It is recommended that selection in early segregating generations of the studied hybrids is useful.

scholarly journals The Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilization on The Yield and Some Yield Components of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) In Van Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 786-794
Author(s):  
Cihan YEŞILBAŞ ◽  
Yeşim TOGAY
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Biological Yield

The study was conducted to determine effects of organic and inorganic fertilization on the yield and some yield components in lentil cultivars in 2014-15 growing seasons in Van. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomised block design with three replications. The study was conducted to determine effects of different fertilizer sources (Control, DAP, Chicken manure and sheep manure) on the yield and some yield components in two lentil cultivars (Özbek and Kafkas). In the study were investigated the plant height, first pod height, branch number per plant, pod and seed number per plant, seed number per pod, biological yield, seed yield per unit, harvest index, 1000-seed weight and protein ratio in seed. The highest seed yield was obtained from chicken manure application of Özbek cultivar with 157.6 kg da-1.  

scholarly journals Evaluating Genetic Parameters and Combining Ability of Starch Viscosity Parameters in Rice Cultivars (Oryza sativa L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 665
Author(s):  
Alireza Haghighi Hasanalideh ◽  
Mehrzad Allahgholipour ◽  
Ezatollah Farshadfar
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Diallel Mating Design ◽  
Additive Gene

This study was undertaken to assess the combining ability of 6 rice varieties, for viscosity parameters and determining gene action controlling Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) characters. F2 progenies derived from a 6×6 half diallel mating design with their parents were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Rice Research Institute of Iran (RRII) in 2015. The diallel analysis by Griffing`s method indicated the involvement of additive and non-additive gene actions controlling RVA traits. For traits PV and FV RI18447-2 and IR50 were the best combiners for increasing and decreasing, respectively. Deylamani and IR50 were the best combiners for increasing and decreasing BV, respectively. Beside, due to more portion of non-additive gene action in controlling trait SV, The Gilaneh × RI18430-46, and Deylamani × RI18430-46 crosses were the best for increasing and decreasing SV, respectively. The high estimates of broad sense heritability and narrow sense heritability for BV and FV, indicated the importance of additive effects in expression of these traits. Therefore, selection base breeding methods will be useful to improve these traits and selection in the early generations could be done to fix the favourable genes. Low estimate of narrow sense heritability for SV revealed that non-additive gene effects play important role in controlling setback viscosity. So, hybrid base breeding methods will be useful to improve this trait.

Irrigated sugarbeet yield, water use and water use efficiency responses to tillage practices

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Jabro ◽  
Bart Stevens ◽  
bill Iversen ◽  
brett Allen ◽  
Upendra Sainju
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Use Efficiency

<p>Better management practices have been used to increase soil water storage and reduce evaporation from the soil surface to optimize crop water use efficiency (WUE) in irrigated agriculture. A field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of  conventional tillage (CT), No-till (NT) and strip tillage (ST) practices on yield, water use (WU) and WUE of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) on a clay loam soil under over-head sprinkler irrigation system in the northern Great Plains. Tillage treatments were replicated five times in a randomized block design. Seasonal WU and WUE for sugarbeet root and sucrose yield were determined for the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons according to the water balance and WUE equations under three tillage practices. Results showed that no significant differences due to tillage treatment were found for crop WU, root yield, sucrose yield, and WUE for sugarbeet root and sucrose in 2018 and 2019 growing seasons. In 2019, the average value of WU across three tillage systems (616 mm) was significantly greater relative to 2018 (468 mm) due to atypical large rainfalls (218mm) occurred in September of 2019. Consequently, WUE values for both root and sucrose yield in 2019 under CT, NT, and ST were significantly greater than those in 2018. While NT and ST practices are promising alternative to CT for agricultural production in this region, further research is needed prior to making any recommendation.</p>

Interactive Effects of Secondary Macronutrients and Micronutrients on the Grain Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Use Efficiencies of Maize in the Guinea Savannas of Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Ibrahim Garba ◽  
Jibrin Mohammed Jibrin ◽  
Alpha Yaya Kamara ◽  
Adnan Aminu Adnan ◽  
Bassam Lawan Abdulrahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Use Efficiency

To close the nutrient-related yield gaps in maize, balanced nutrition using primary and secondary macronutrients as well as micronutrients is recommended. Multi-nutrient diagnostic field trials were conducted in Guinea Savanna of Nigeria to assess the interactive effects of macronutrients and micronutrients on maize grain yields, nutrient uptake as well as N, P and K use efficiencies. The treatments consisted of a control (zero fertilizer applied), an NPK treatment and 10 other treatments in which macronutrient (Mg, S) and/or micronutrients (B, and Zn) were added to the NPK. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with 3 replications. Data collected were subjected to mixed model with nutrient management strategy as fixed effects while replication nested in location and interaction between location and nutrient management strategy as random effects. The results revealed significant effects (P < 0.05) of nutrient management strategy on maize yield, nutrient uptake and nutrient use efficiencies of N, P and K. The study revealed that yield advantage over the recommended NPK fertilizer as a result of application macronutrients and micronutrients were highest with Mg in Lere (2.4 t ha−1), S + B + Zn in Faskari (2.8 t ha−1), S + B in Doguwa (1.5 t ha−1) and S + Zn in Toro (2.4 t ha−1).  Addition of Mg, S and B significantly increases macronutrient uptakes over the recommended NPK only. Agronomic use efficiency, internal utilization efficiency, apparent recovery efficiency and partial factor productivity were significantly increased with the addition of S, Mg, and B but were not improved with Zn application. It was concluded that nutrient limitations to maize in the Guinea Savanna go beyond N, P and K. This study recommends that S, Mg, and B are needed to improve maize productivity and engender improve the use efficiency of NPK fertilizers.

scholarly journals Characterization of brazilian wheat cultivars in terms of nitrogen use efficiency

Bragantia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano Lemes da Silva ◽  
Giovani Benin ◽  
Elesandro Bornhofen ◽  
Matheus Henrique Todeschini ◽  
Samuel Cristian Dallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

Nitrogen (N) management in wheat crop is one of the most studied agricultural practices in Brazil; however, there are few reports on its use efficiency. The objective of this study was to characterize 18 Brazilian wheat cultivars, which are representative and have been recently released to cultivation, for nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The experiments were carried out in Pato Branco, Paraná, and Coxilha, Rio Grande do Sul, during the 2011 crop season. It was used a randomized block design with three replications, in factorial scheme (2 environments × 18 cultivars). Genetic variability was observed for nitrogen utilization efficiency by grains (NUtEg=47.6 to 81.1 kg kg-1) and nitrogen harvest index (NHI=71.3 to 84.6%) with significant effects relating to the environment of cultivation and performance of these traits. The evaluation of the protein concentration of grain by near infrared spectrometry (GPC N) produced equivalent results to the direct analytical method of Kjeldahl (GPC K), in Pato Branco (r=0.56) and Coxilha (RS) (r=0.80). However the CPG N overestimated the protein values by 16.85%. The GPC and protein yield were positively correlated with NUtEg and NHI. The best performance for the traits associated with NUE was observed for the following cultivars: Mirante, Quartzo, Fundacep Cristalino, Fundacep Raízes and CD 150. This is the first report of differences between Brazilian wheat cultivars for nitrogen use efficiency.

scholarly journals Nitrogen use efficiency in modern wheat cultivars

Bragantia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus Henrique Todeschini ◽  
Anderson Simionato Milioli ◽  
Diego Maciel Trevizan ◽  
Elesandro Bornhofen ◽  
Taciane Finatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Modern Wheat ◽  
Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT The nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is defined as the capacity of a given genotype in take advantage of the applied nitrogen (N) and transform it in biomass and grains. The objective of this study was to evaluate 12 wheat cultivars as to the NUE and its components. The experiment was conducted in a controlled environment, in a randomized block design with three replications. Twelve wheat cultivars were submitted to four N supply levels (0, 80, 160 and 240 kg of N∙ha–1). The data were submitted to analysis of variance, means multiple comparison, polynomial regression, and path analysis. The nitrogen remobilization efficiency (NRE) was the main NUE component of the evaluated cultivars, in both low and high conditions of nitrogen fertilization. In the cultivars average, the nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE) presented reduction tendency as the N supply was increased, tending to stabilization at the dose of 231 kg of N∙ha–1. The wheat cultivars Mirante, TBIO Itaipu, BRS Parrudo, and TBIO Iguaçu were the most efficient on the N use, and the first two were also efficient in remobilizing the N from the phytomass to the grains.

scholarly journals Mode of inheritance of low-N tolerance adaptive traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under contrasting nitrogen environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. e0702
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. M. Al Naggar ◽  
Reda Shabana ◽  
Mosaad M. Abd-El-Aleem ◽  
Zainab El-Rashidy
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Dominance Variance ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Use Efficiency

Because of essential economic and ecological concerns, there is increased interest worldwide in developing wheat cultivars that are more efficient in utilizing nitrogen (N) and better suited to N limitations. The objective of the present investigation was to get information on the type of gene action controlling the inheritance of wheat low-N tolerance traits in order to start a breeding program for improving such traits. Six parents of contrasting low-N tolerance were crossed in a diallel fashion. Evaluation of 6 parents, 15 F1crosses and 15 F2 crosses was done using a randomized complete block design with three replications under two levels of soil N, i.e. low-N (0 kg N/ha) and high-N (180 kg N/ha).The magnitude of dominance variance inF2's for all studied traits was much greater than that of additive variance under both high N and low N, suggesting that selection should be postponed to later segregating generations in order to eliminate masking effects of dominance variance and take advantage of the additive variance for the improvement of nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield traits. Narrow-sense heritability (h2n) in F2's was generally of higher magnitude under low-N than high-N, suggesting that it is better to practice selection for studied nitrogen efficiency and grain yield traits under low-N conditions to obtain higher values of selection gain.

scholarly journals Combining ability analysis and gene action for yield and yield related traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under saline conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Sieh S. Kargbo ◽  
Francis Showemimo ◽  
Pius Akintokun ◽  
Justina Porbeni
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Combining Ability Analysis ◽  
Additive Gene

Salinity is a major abiotic constrain faced by farmers in most rice cultivating areas of the world and improving grain yield in rice is the most important breeding objective. Twenty seven hybrids were generated in a line x tester mating design and were evaluated with their parents in a Randomized Complete Block Design at the Fadama site of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB) during the 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 cropping season. Analysis of variance revealed a highly significant difference (P0.01) among testers and lines for all traits except panicle length and a number of effective tillers per plant, respectively. Variances of Specific Combining Ability (SCA) were higher in magnitude than the corresponding General Combining Ability (GCA). The lines FARO 60 (P7), OG300315 (P10), NERICA L53 (P4) including a tester ITA 212 (P1) were the best general combiners for yield per plant. POKKALI (P3) was the best general combiner for reduced vegetative growth and ITA 212 (P1) and ITA 222 (P2) were the best general combiners for plant height. The best specific combiner for yield per plant was P1 x P4. P3 x P11 was the best specific combiner for reduced duration characters and P2 x P7 was the best specific combiner for plant height.  Estimates of narrow sense heritability (0.00 – 0.03) for all the traits under study were low which indicated preponderance of non-additive gene action governing these traits. Therefore, inter-mating among selected segregants followed by recombination breeding in an advanced generation might be advocated for improvement of the studied traits under salinity.

Effect of Urea and Nano-Nitrogen Fertigation and Foliar Application of Nano-Boron and Molybdenum on some Growth and Yield Parameters of Potato

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-263
Author(s):  
Hayyawi W.A. Al-juthery ◽  
Estabraq Hilal Obaid Al-Maamouri
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Acid Yield ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Starch Yield ◽  
Private Farm

Investigating the effect of urea and nano-nitrogen fertigation and foliar application of nano B and Mo on growth and yield of potato Solanum tuberosum L. [Rivera-A]. The study was conducted in a private farm located in the Al-Taleah area - Babylon governorate. The experiment consisted of (12) treatments consisting of separated fertigation of nano nitrogen (25% N) and urea (46% N), single treatments of leaf spraying of nano Mo (5%), Nano B (9%), nano-binary combinations (Mo+B) and (U+ Nano Mo), (U+Nano B), Nano (N+Mo), Nano (N+B), and tricombination treatments of (U+Mo+B), Nano (N+Mo+B) additional to the control treatment. Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD) and one way simple experiment with three replicates. Fertilizers were applied at levels of 40 liters h-1 of Nano-N fertilizer (25% N) and 300 kg h-1 urea fertilizer (46% N). They were sprayed early in the morning after (40) days after planting four times. Two weeks is the period between an application and another according to the recommendation of (1) kg  h-1 nano-fertilizer of (B) and (500) g h-1 of  Mo. Fertilizers were injected and sprayed at (10, 20, 30 and 40)% of the total amount of the fertilizer were applied as the first, second, third and fourth applications, respectively. Some growth traits were tested including the chlorophyll content in the leaves, the total dry vegetative yild, the soft tubers yield, and the biological yield, proteins and ascorbic acid yield compared to the control (spray water only). The results of the Duncan test showed a significant increase in most of the studied traits of nano-tricombination (N+Mo+B) in the fresh tubers yield,  dry vegetative yield  , the biological yield, starch yield ,the total protein and ascorbic yield (37.53, 1.799, 8.138,4.152 , 481.3and 653.8 meg ha-1) respectively .compare to control (21.58 , 0.890, 4.463  ,2.323 , 366.1 and 215.5 meg ha-1) respectively.

THE EFFECT OF SALINITY OF IRRIGATION WATER AND SPRAYING BY HUMIC ACID IN SOME OF MORPHOLOGICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES, GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
E. K. Al-Fahdawe ◽  
A. A. Al-Sumaidaie ◽  
Y. K. Al-Hadithy
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

A pots experiment was conducted at the Department of Biology/College of Education for Girls/University of Anbar during Autumn season of 2018-2019 to study the effect of the salinity irrigation water and spray by humic acid in some of morphological, physiological, growth and yield traits of wheat cv. IPa. The experiment was randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The first factor was assigned for irrigation by saline water at four level (S0, S1, S2 and S3), while the second factor was the foliar spraying of humic acid in three level (0.0, 1.0 and 1.5 g l-1). The results showed that there was significant reduction in plant height, vegetative dry weight, biological yield and chlorophyll leaves content when the plants were irrigated by saline water approached to 41.09 cm, 0.747 g, 0.849 g plant-1 and 38.67 SPAD, respectively at salinity level of 8.3 ds m-1 compared with the plants which irrigated by fresh water. The total carbohydrates were significantly decreased at the treatment of 8.3 ds m-1 reached 18.71 mg g-1. Spray levels humic acid achieved a significant increase in plant height, dry weight of the vegetative part, biological yield and chlorophyll leaves content sprayed at 1.0 and 1.5 g l-1 compared to no sprayed. Nitrogen concentration was significantly increased, while both phosphorus and potassium were decreased in the vegetative parts of wheat as the salinity of irrigation water increased. However, the increase of humic acid levels led to significant increasing in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration.

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