scholarly journals Vertigo delivered from neck rotation and compression of SCM

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-97
Author(s):  
Takeshi Tsutsumi ◽  
Yuichiro Inaba
Keyword(s):  
Neck Rotation

scholarly journals Motility Improvement of Biomimetic Trachea Scaffold via Hybrid 3D-Bioprinting Technology

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 971
Author(s):  
Young Soo Yu ◽  
Chi Bum Ahn ◽  
Kuk Hui Son ◽  
Jin Woo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Rotation Angle ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Reconstruction ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Rotating Beam ◽  
Rotational Angle ◽  
Gelatin Hydrogel ◽  
Tissue Reconstruction ◽  
Neck Rotation

A trachea has a structure capable of responding to various movements such as rotation of the neck and relaxation/contraction of the conduit due to the mucous membrane and cartilage tissue. However, current reported tubular implanting structures are difficult to impelement as replacements for original trachea movements. Therefore, in this study, we developed a new trachea implant with similar anatomical structure and mechanical properties to native tissue using 3D printing technology and evaluated its performance. A 250 µm-thick layer composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers was fabricated on a rotating beam using electrospinning technology, and a scaffold with C-shaped cartilage grooves that mimics the human airway structure was printed to enable reconstruction of cartilage outside the airway. A cartilage type scaffold had a highest rotational angle (254°) among them and it showed up to 2.8 times compared to human average neck rotation angle. The cartilage type showed a maximum elongation of 8 times higher than that of the bellows type and it showed the elongation of 3 times higher than that of cylinder type. In cartilage type scaffold, gelatin hydrogel printed on the outside of the scaffold was remain 22.2% under the condition where no hydrogel was left in other type scaffolds. In addition, after 2 days of breathing test, the amount of gelatin remaining inside the scaffold was more than twice that of other scaffolds. This novel trachea scaffold with hydrogel inside and outside of the structure was well-preserved under external flow and is expected to be advantageous for soft tissue reconstruction of the trachea.

Mechanical compression of the extracranial vertebral artery during neck rotation

Neurology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 845-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sakaguchi ◽  
K. Kitagawa ◽  
H. Hougaku ◽  
H. Hashimoto ◽  
Y. Nagai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Mechanical Compression ◽  
Neck Rotation ◽  
Extracranial Vertebral Artery

Central compensation of vestibular deficits. IV. Responses of lateral vestibular neurons to neck rotation after labyrinth deafferentation

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 1006-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Xerri ◽  
S. Gianni ◽  
D. Manzoni ◽  
O. Pompeiano
Keyword(s):  
Conduction Velocity ◽  
Vestibular Nucleus ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Vestibular Neurectomy ◽  
Peak Displacement ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Neck Rotation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Decerebrate Cats

The response characteristics of neurons located in the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) to neck rotation at 0.026 Hz, 10 degrees peak displacement, have been investigated in precollicular decerebrate cats submitted to ipsilateral acute (aVN) or chronic vestibular neurectomy (cVN). On the whole, 105 units were tested after aVN (i.e., during the first postoperative hours) and 132 units after cVN (i.e., after full compensation of the postural and locomotor deficits). The neurons were histologically located either in the rostroventral (rvLVN) or the dorsocaudal part (dcLVN) of Deiters' nucleus, which are known to project mainly to the cervical and the lumbosacral cord, respectively. Moreover, 55 units in the former group and 66 units in the latter group were identified as vestibulospinal neurons projecting to lumbosacral segments of the spinal cord. The responses of these 237 LVN neurons to the neck input were then compared with those of 120 LVN neurons recorded previously in decerebrate cats with intact labyrinths. Whereas 58.3% of the LVN units recorded in control experiments were responsive to neck rotation, 69.5% of the units were affected by this stimulation at the acute stage of the neurectomy and 74.2% at the chronic stage. This increase in responsive units after aVN and cVN with respect to the controls was found exclusively in the dcLVN. The mean discharge rate of the responsive LVN neurons decreased from 40.7 +/- 48.9 (SD) imp/s in control experiments to 22.1 +/- 15.8 (SD) imp/s after a VN. Similar value was also obtained after cVN [25.0 +/- 17.2 (SD) imp/s], suggesting that compensation of the postural deficits elicited by the vestibular neurectomy results from a redistribution of the excitatory drive within different populations of LVN neurons. Indeed, the relation found in control experiments, i.e., that the faster the conduction velocity of vestibulospinal axons the lower was the unit discharge at rest, was lost after aVN, due to a decrease in resting discharge of the slow units. The mean discharge rate of the slow units, however, recovered after cVN, so that the negative correlation between resting discharge rate and axonal conduction velocity was reestablished. The average gain and sensitivity of the first harmonic response of the LVN neurons to neck rotation recorded after aVN and cVN were comparable to those obtained in preparations with the vestibular nerves intact.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Directional sensitivity of neurons in the lumbar spinal cord to neck rotation

1984 ◽  
Vol 323 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.E. Brink ◽  
I. Suzuki ◽  
S.J.B. Timerick ◽  
V.J. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Directional Sensitivity ◽  
Neck Rotation ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

Responses of Purkinje cells of cerebellar vermis to sinusoidal rotation of neck

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Denoth ◽  
P. C. Magherini ◽  
O. Pompeiano ◽  
M. Stanojevic
Keyword(s):  
Firing Rate ◽  
Mossy Fiber ◽  
Spinous Process ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
The Body ◽  
Postural Changes ◽  
Neck Rotation ◽  
P Cells

1. The response of Purkinje (P) cells located in the vermal cortex of the cerebellar anterior lobe to sinusoidal rotation of the neck was investigated in precollicular decerebrate cats. The head of the animal was fixed in a sterotaxic frame while the spinous process of the second cervical vertebra was held by a clamp rigidly fixed to the tilting table. It was then possible to elicit a selective neck input by rotating the neck and the body simultaneously along the longitudinal axis of the animal while maintaining the head in horizontal position. 2. Among the 95 P-cells tested for neck stimulation, 35 units showed a mossy fiber (MF) or a climbing fiber (CF) response to sinusoidal rotation of the axis vertebra at the frequency of 0.026 Hz and at the peak amplitude of displacement of 5--10 degrees. The response consisted in a periodic modulation of the discharge frequency during sinusoidal rotation of the neck. Most of these units were excited during side-down rotation of the neck, but were inhibited during side-up rotation. 3. The threshold amplitude of neck rotation responsible for the MF-induced responses varied in different units from 1 to 3 degrees at the frequency of 0.026 Hz. The sensitivity of the units, expressed in percentage change of the average firing rate per degree of displacement, either did not change or very slightly decreased as a result of increasing amplitude of stimulation from 1--3 degrees to 10--15 degrees at the frequency of 0.026 Hz or by increasing frequency of neck rotation from 0.015 to 0.15 Hz at the amplitude of neck displacement of 5--10 degrees. 4. Changes in amplitude or frequency of stimulation at the parameters reported above did not greatly modify the phase of the unit responses relative to the side-down position of the neck. These findings indicate that the MF and CF responses of P-cells to sinusoidal rotation of the neck depended on changes in neck position and not on changes in velocity of neck rotation. 5. The observation that the majority of responding P-cells located in the vermal cortex of the cerebellar anterior lobe increased their firing rate during side-down rotation of the neck is discussed in relation to the results of stimulation and lesion experiments, indicating that postural changes can be elicited either during asymmetric stimulation of neck receptors or by unilateral interruption of the neck afferents.

Unilateral C-1 lateral mass sagittal split fracture: an unstable Jefferson fracture variant

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 466-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Bransford ◽  
Alexis Falicov ◽  
Quynh Nguyen ◽  
Jens Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Deformity Correction ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Surgical Reconstruction ◽  
Lateral Mass ◽  
High Tendency ◽  
Unusual Variant ◽  
Neck Rotation ◽  
Level I ◽  
Transverse Atlantal Ligament

Object The object of this study was to describe an unusual fracture subtype within C-1 injuries with a propensity to result in late deformity and pain. Most patients with C-1 injuries are nonsurgically treated using external immobilization unless there is an injury of the transverse atlantal ligament. The authors describe an unusual variant involving a unilateral sagittal split with a high tendency to late deformity and pain. They also review the literature and treatment of C-1 fractures. Methods A retrospective review of 12,671 CT scans from a Level I trauma center over a 6-year period yielded 54 patients with C-1 fractures. Among these patients, 6 had an unusual unilateral lateral mass sagittal split, which resulted in a late cock-robin deformity in all survivors and thus a surgical deformity correction with occipital-cervical instrumented fusions. Patient charts and radiographs were reviewed, this fracture subtype is described, and its treatment discussed. Results Radiographic studies in 6 patients with C-1 fractures demonstrated a unilateral sagittal split of the lateral mass but an intact transverse atlantal ligament. In the 3 surviving patients, a late cock-robin deformity, significant loss of neck rotation, and severe neck pain developed. Vertebral artery occlusion, as revealed on CT angiography, occurred in 1 patient. All patients were placed in traction and underwent successful occipital-cervical fusion and deformity correction. At the final follow-up, all patients had satisfactory pain relief and improved head alignment. Conclusions Patients with a unilateral sagittal split of the C-1 lateral mass have unstable injuries and must be carefully monitored, with a low threshold for surgical reconstruction or prolonged traction. Patients with late deformity can be successfully treated with occipital-cervical instrumented fusions.

scholarly journals Applications of the Theory of Continuous Oil Film Lubrication of a Radial Sliding Bearing for Three Combined Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Jingyuan Li ◽  
Zifeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Rotating Shaft ◽  
Sliding Bearing ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Sleeve Bearing ◽  
Oil Film ◽  
Neck Rotation ◽  
Rotating Load ◽  
Film Lubrication

<p class="1Body">The theory of lubrication of a radial sliding bearing is extended to three cases: the shaft neck rotation and bush rotation bearing, the rotating load bearing, and the floating sleeve bearing. For the bearing with rotating shaft neck and rotating bush, fixing the observer at the bushing can enable the determination, in a simple and more accurate manner, of the bearing capacity of the bearing with the rotating load. As long as a rotating load exists, whirl exists; if the shaft rotation speed is 2 times the load rotation speed, then the eccentricity reaches the maximum.</p>

Tilt responses of neurons in the caudal descending nucleus of the decerebrate cat: influence of the caudal cerebellar vermis and of neck receptors

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 1242-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. J. Wilson ◽  
H. Ikegami ◽  
R. H. Schor ◽  
D. B. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Head Rotation ◽  
Muscle Spindles ◽  
Vestibular Nuclei ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Cerebellar Vermis ◽  
Neck Muscle ◽  
Vestibular Input ◽  
Decerebrate Cat ◽  
Neck Rotation ◽  
Vertical Semicircular Canal

1. In decerebrate cats with intact cerebellums, we studied the responses of neurons in the caudal areas of the vestibular nuclei to natural vestibular stimulation in vertical planes and to neck rotation. The activity of most neurons was recorded in the caudal half of the descending nucleus. 2. One goal of our experiments was to compare the dynamic and spatial properties of responses to sinusoidal vestibular stimulation with those seen in previous experiments in which the caudal cerebellar vermis, including the nodulus and uvula, was removed. This part of the cerebellum receives vestibular input and projects to the caudal areas of the vestibular nuclei, suggesting that it could influence responses to stimulation of the labyrinth. 3. As in our previous experiments, most neurons could be classified as receiving predominant input either from the otoliths or from one vertical semicircular canal. When mean gain and phase and response vector orientations were compared, there were no obvious differences between the behavior of neurons in the partially decerebellate preparation and the one with the cerebellum intact, demonstrating that in the decerebrate cat the nodulus and uvula have little or no influence on the processing of vertical vestibular input in this region of the vestibular nuclei. 4. Only 23 of 74 (31%) of neurons tested responded to neck rotation. This contrasts with the much larger fractions that respond to this stimulus in Deiters' nucleus and in the rostral descending nucleus. We also recorded from neurons near the vestibular nuclei, mainly in the external cuneate nucleus. All of them (9 of 9) responded to neck rotation. 5. Responses to neck rotation also differed in their dynamics from those found more rostrally in the vestibular nuclei. Dynamics of more rostral neurons resemble those of neck muscle spindles, as do those of external cuneate neurons. The dynamics of caudal vestibular neurons, on the other hand, have a steeper gain slope and more advanced phases than do those of neurons in the more rostral vestibular nuclei. This suggests the possibility of involvement of additional receptors in the production of these responses. 6. In the more rostral vestibular nuclei, responses to vestibular and neck rotation are most often antagonistic, so that head rotation results in little or no response. This is not the case in the caudal areas of the vestibular nuclei, where less than half the neurons tested displayed antagonistic behavior. Further experiments are required to put the neck projection to the caudal vestibular nuclei in a functional context.

scholarly journals A Novel Mutation in the LHX3 Gene is Responsible for Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency, Hearing Impairment, and Vertebral Malformations

Endocrinology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 1069-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berit Kriström ◽  
Anna-Maija Zdunek ◽  
Anders Rydh ◽  
Håkan Jonsson ◽  
Petra Sehlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Novel Mutation ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Splice Acceptor Site ◽  
Candidate Gene Approach ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Acceptor Site ◽  
Pituitary Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Neck Rotation

Abstract Context: The LHX3 LIM-homeodomain transcription factor gene, found in both man and mouse, is required for development of the pituitary and motor neurons and is also expressed in the auditory system. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the cause of, and further explore, the phenotype in six patients (aged 6 months to 22 years) with combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD), restricted neck rotation, scoliosis and congenital hearing impairment. Three of the patients also have mild autistic-like behaviour. Design: As patients with CPHD and restricted neck rotation have previously been shown to have mutations in the LHX3 gene, a candidate gene approach was applied and the gene was sequenced. Neck anatomy was explored by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, including three-dimensional reformatting. Results: A novel, recessive, splice-acceptor site mutation was found. The predicted protein encoded by the mutated gene lacks the homeodomain and carboxyl terminus of the normal, functional protein. Genealogical studies revealed a common gene source for all six families dating back to the seventeenth century. Anatomical abnormalities in the occipito–atlanto–axial joints in combination with a basilar impression of the dens axis were found in all patients assessed. Conclusions: This study extends both the mutations known to be responsible for LHX3-associated syndromes and their possible phenotypic consequences. Previously reported traits include CPHD and restricted neck rotation; patients examined in the present study also show a severe hearing defect. Additionally the existence of cervical vertebral malformations are revealed, responsible for the rigid neck and the development of scoliosis.

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