scholarly journals Comparison between Passively Evoked Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements and Optokinetic Ocular Reflex.

1997 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 444-453
Author(s):  
Motoyuki Hashiba ◽  
Teruaki Hattori ◽  
Nobuhiro Watanabe ◽  
Shunkichi Baba ◽  
Hirotaka Watabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements ◽  
Pursuit Eye Movements ◽  
Ocular Reflex

The Smooth Pursuit System

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Wong
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Moving Object ◽  
Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Pursuit Eye Movements ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Suitable Target ◽  
Stationary Background

Smooth pursuit consists of conjugate eye movements that allow both eyes to smoothly track a slowly moving object so that its image is kept on the foveae. For example, smooth pursuit eye movements are used when you track a child on a swing. Only animals with foveae make smooth pursuit eye movements. Rabbits, for instance, do not have foveae, and their eyes cannot track a small moving target. However, if a rabbit is placed inside a rotating drum painted on the inside with stripes so that the rabbit sees the entire visual field rotating en bloc, it will track the stripes optokinetically. Humans have both smooth pursuit and optokinetic eye movements, but pursuit predominates. When you track a small, moving object against a detailed stationary background, such as a bird flying against a background of leaves, the optokinetic system will try to hold your gaze on the stationary background, but it is overridden by pursuit. Pursuit works well at speeds up to about 70°/sec, but top athletes may generate pursuit as fast as 130°/sec. Pursuit responds slowly to unexpected changes—it takes about 100 msec to track a target that starts to move suddenly, and this is why we need the faster acting vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) to stabilize our eyes when our heads move. However, pursuit can detect patterns of motion and respond to predictable target motion in much less than 100 msec. Pursuit cannot be generated voluntarily without a suitable target. If you try to pursue an imaginary target moving across your visual field, you will make a series of saccades instead of pursuit. However, the target that evokes pursuit does not have to be visual; it may be auditory (e.g., a moving, beeping pager), proprioceptive (e.g., tracking your outstretched finger in the dark), tactile (e.g., an ant crawling on your arm in the dark), or cognitive (e.g., tracking a stroboscopic motion in which a series of light flashes in sequence, even though no actual motion occurs.

Chromatic Contrast Sensitivity During Optokinetic Nystagmus, Visually Enhanced Vestibulo-ocular Reflex, and Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 2317-2327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander C. Schütz ◽  
Doris I. Braun ◽  
Karl R. Gegenfurtner
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Optokinetic Nystagmus ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements ◽  
Pursuit Eye Movements ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽  
Slow Eye Movements

Recently we showed that sensitivity for chromatic- and high-spatial frequency luminance stimuli is enhanced during smooth-pursuit eye movements (SPEMs). Here we investigated whether this enhancement is a general property of slow eye movements. Besides SPEM there are two other classes of eye movements that operate in a similar range of eye velocities: the optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) is a reflexive pattern of alternating fast and slow eye movements elicited by wide-field visual motion and the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) stabilizes the gaze during head movements. In a natural environment all three classes of eye movements act synergistically to allow clear central vision during self- and object motion. To test whether the same improvement of chromatic sensitivity occurs during all of these eye movements, we measured human detection performance of chromatic and luminance line stimuli during OKN and contrast sensitivity during VOR and SPEM at comparable velocities. For comparison, performance in the same tasks was tested during fixation. During the slow phase of OKN we found a similar enhancement of chromatic detection rate like that during SPEM, whereas no enhancement was observable during VOR. This result indicates similarities between slow-phase OKN and SPEM, which are distinct from VOR.

scholarly journals The Impact of Neonatal Morbidities on Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements in Very Preterm Infants

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 352-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Strand Brodd ◽  
K Rosander ◽  
H Grönqvist ◽  
G Holmström ◽  
B Strömberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements ◽  
Very Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Pursuit Eye Movements ◽  
The Impact

Effect of amphetamine on saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements

1983 ◽  
Vol 79 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 190-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tedeschi ◽  
P. R. M. Bittencourt ◽  
A. T. Smith ◽  
A. Richens
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements ◽  
Pursuit Eye Movements

Smooth-pursuit eye movements, and diazepam, CPZ, and secobarbital

1975 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip S. Holzman ◽  
Deborah L. Levy ◽  
Eberhard H. Uhlenhuth ◽  
Leonard R. Proctor ◽  
Daniel X. Freedman
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements ◽  
Pursuit Eye Movements
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