scholarly journals Centros de recuperación nutricional: 1984-2011

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-199
Author(s):  
María Espert Boronat ◽  
Josep Bernabeu Mestre ◽  
José Miguel Soriano del Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Outpatient Services ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Nutritional Recovery ◽  
Qualitative Systematic Review ◽  
Revisión Sistemática ◽  
Discharge Criteria ◽  
Mobile Facilities

Los centros de recuperación nutricional (CRN) fueron creados por el Dr. José María Bengoa en Venezuela. En el presente estudio se realizó una revisión sistemática cualitativa, de 1984 al 2011, que permitió analizar las modalidades de funcionamiento de los diferentes CRN en el mundo, mediante indicadores de: criterios de admisión, parámetros utilizados en estos centros, así como las modalidades de tratamiento, tiempo de estancia y criterios de alta. Se encontraron diecisiete artículos que describen algunos o todos estos indicadores. El uso de los CRN se encontró en cuatro países de África (Etiopía, Kenia, Malawi y Nigeria), cuatro de América (Bolivia, Brasil, Chile y Nicaragua) y dos en Asia (India y Nepal). Los resultados reflejan la importancia de los CRN en el tratamiento de la desnutrición, sobre todo si se acompaña con la educación de las madres sobre la alimentación, prácticas higiénicas, etc., para un mejor cuidado en el hogar. Nuevas evidencias en el tratamiento de la desnutrición han motivado la evolución de los centros, pero aún así, sus limitaciones persisten. No obstante, las ventajas de su uso son excepcionales. Se propone, de acuerdo con los diferentes tipos de centros, y en base a las deficiencias o limitaciones observadas en su conceptualización y designación, redefinir las NRC bajo el concepto de Centros Globales de Nutrición (GloNuCen) basados en la comunidad y la personalización nutricional, los cuales podrían ser centros fijos en el caso de hospitales y servicios ambulatorios, e instalaciones móviles para situaciones de emergencia que, si duran con el tiempo, puedan convertirse en centros fijos. The Nutritional Recovery Centers (NRC) were created by Dr. Jose María Bengoa in Venezuela. In the present study a qualitative systematic review was carried out, from 1984 to 2011, allowing us to analyze the operating modalities of the different CRNs in the world, by means of indicators of: admission criteria, parameters used in these centers, as well as their treatment modalities, time of stay and discharge criteria. Seventeen articles have been found that describe some or all of these indicators. The use of NRCs was found in four African countries (Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi and Nigeria), four in America (Bolivia, Brazil, Chile and Nicaragua) and two in Asia (India and Nepal). The results reflect the importance of NRC in the treatment of malnutrition, especially if it is reinforced with mothers' education about food, hygiene practices, etc., for better home care. New evidence in the treatment of malnutrition has motivated the evolution of the centers, but still, their limitations persist. Nonetheless, the advantages of their use are exceptional. It is proposed, according to the different types of centers, and based on the deficiencies or limitations observed in their conceptualization and designation, to redefine the NRCs under the concept of Global Nutrition Centers (GloNuCen) based on the community and nutritional customization, which could be fixed centers in the case of hospitals and outpatient services, and mobile facilities for emergency situations that, if they last over time, could turn into fixed centers.

scholarly journals Stakeholders’ Understandings of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Rapid Qualitative Systematic Review

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 496
Author(s):  
Caroline Deignan ◽  
Alison Swartz ◽  
Sara Cooper ◽  
Christopher J. Colvin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Qualitative Systematic Review ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Gender

Cervical cancer rates in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are amongst the highest worldwide. All three of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines (9-valent, quadrivalent and bivalent HPV vaccine) provide primary protection against the most common cancer-causing strains of HPV (types 16 and 18) that are known to cause 70% of cervical cancers. Over the last five years, there has been an increase in Sub-Saharan African countries that have introduced the HPV vaccine. The majority of research has been conducted on supply-side barriers and facilitators to HPV vaccination uptake in SSA, yet little research has been conducted on demand-side or end-user perspectives of, and decisions around, HPV vaccination. In order to complement existing research, and inform current and future HPV vaccination implementation approaches, this qualitative systematic review explored Stakeholders’ understandings of HPV vaccination in SSA. This review searched the following databases: Embase (via Scopus), Scopus, MEDLINE (via PubMed), PubMed, EBSCOhost, Academic Search Premier, Africa-Wide Information, CINAHL, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL) and found a total of 259 articles. Thirty-one studies were found eligible for inclusion and were analyzed thematically using Braun and Clarke’s methods for conducting a thematic analysis. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. Three major themes emerged from this analysis; knowledge of HPV vaccination and cervical cancer is intertwined with misinformation; fear has shaped contradictory perceptions about HPV vaccination and gender dynamics are relevant in how stakeholders understand HPV vaccination in SSA.

scholarly journals The Homeless, Inmates and Refugees in Africa in the Face of COVID-19 Outbreak

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 306-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olanrewaju Oladimeji ◽  
Bamidele Paul Atiba ◽  
Jabu A Mbokazi ◽  
Francis Leonard Mpotte Hyera
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Mass Screening ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Western World ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Limited Access ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
The Face ◽  
Good Hygiene

Total well-being and care for the vulnerable, especially the homeless, inmates, and refugees during the COVID-19 pandemic, is one of the barometers to measure Africa's response. Hence in the light of this scenario, our comment is on their care during this devastating period. We compared what is currently being done in the western world with what the African countries are doing. We have posed particular challenges with the welfare packages, the implementation of physical distances, good hygiene practices, limited access to screening and testing of COVID-19, as the outbreak invasion could be overwhelming if there is no intervention to bridge this gap. There is, therefore, an urgent need to consider welfare packages, an optimum hygiene environment, decongestion, and mass screening and testing for these groups of individuals, as they also have equal human rights to be protected during this pandemic.

New Media and Gender in East Africa

2011 ◽  
pp. 110-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uche T. Onyebadi ◽  
Yusuf Kalyango
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Media Technology ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
And Gender

This study set out to ascertain the use of and dependency on new media technology for political communication by voting- age citizens of the three main East African countries, namely Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania. We learn the importance of new media communication opportunities towards the struggle for liberal democracy, which is demonstrated by the unanimity of respondents’ attitudes that their governments suppress political discourse. But the degree of use and dependence on these new media instruments are not uniform across the region. Gender and level of education are two salient factors that create these differences in the use of and dependency on new media technology for political communication in East Africa. But our findings have no bearing on the authenticity of the messages sent through these new media technological devices, or the extent of divisiveness or unity that such messages might engender among citizens in the region in times of political crises. Our primary contention is that such citizens now depend on these technological devices to serve their informational needs moreso when political and other forms of national emergency situations arise. This dependency phenomenon is partly the consequence of the existence of media laws enacted by governments in the region to hamstring mainstream media houses.

Trauma Intervention in Sub-Saharan African Children: A Systematic Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-469
Author(s):  
Tiamo Katsonga-Phiri ◽  
Kathryn E. Grant ◽  
Molly Brown
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The People ◽  
Qualitative Systematic Review ◽  
The World ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Health Organization

Sub-Saharan Africa is a part of the world that is highly affected by a large number of atrocities, causing a myriad of financial, physical health, and mental health consequences. Yet, unfortunately, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), this is also the part of the world that is least served by mental health services. In response, the WHO has created mandates to increase mental health resources and capacity in all countries. Researchers have taken on the work of introducing and adapting treatments in various sub-Saharan African countries with an aim to create sustainable, evidence-based treatment in a part of the world with high need. The current qualitative systematic review of the literature examines 20 articles that report on research conducted in sub-Saharan African countries with children who have suffered different types of traumas. This review answers questions concerning the types of treatments used, the people administering the treatments, the measures they take to adapt these treatments, and the types of outcomes that are seen. Overall, the majority of treatments being used are shown to be effective with the associated populations.

scholarly journals Scoping review of food safety at transport stations in Africa

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e053856
Author(s):  
Busisiwe Purity Ncama ◽  
Desmond Kuupiel ◽  
Sinegugu E Duma ◽  
Gugu Mchunu ◽  
Phindile Guga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Hygiene Practices

ObjectiveThe WHO has declared food safety as a public health concern. Transport hubs such as taxi ranks, bus stations and other transport exchange sites are major food trading/purchasing sites, particularly in Africa. Research evidence is needed to improve food safety policies and ensure consumption of safe food, owing to the increasing burden of foodborne diseases, particularly in the WHO Africa Region. We systematically mapped and described research evidence on food safety at transport stations in Africa.DesignA scoping review guided by the Arksey and O’Malley framework.Data sourcesWe searched for original research articles in PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost (Academic search complete, CINAHL with Full-text and Health Source), SCOPUS, and Google Scholar from their inception to 25 October 2020.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included studies that focused on food safety, involved transport stations, involved African countries and were published in English.Data extraction and synthesisData extraction was performed by two reviewers using a piloted-tested form. Thematic analysis was used to organise the data into themes and subthemes, and a narrative summary of the findings is presented.ResultsOf the total 23 852 articles obtained from the database searches, 16 studies published in 6 countries met the inclusion criteria. These 16 studies were published between 1997 and 2019, with the most (5) in 2014. Of the 16 studies, 43.8% (7) were conducted in South Africa, 3 studies in Ghana, 2 in Ethiopia and 1 study each in Nigeria, Kenya, Lesotho and Zambia. Most (44.4%) of the included studies focused on microbial safety of food; few studies (22.2%) focused on hygienic practices, and one study investigated the perspective of consumers or buyers. Microbes detected in the foods samples were Salmonella spp, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp, Bacillus sp, Staphylococcus aureus, which resulted mainly from poor hygiene practices.ConclusionsThere is limited research that focused on food safety at transport stations in Africa, especially on aspects such as hygiene practices, food storage and occupational health and food safety. Therefore, we recommend more research in these areas, using various primary study designs, to inform and improve food safety policies and practices for transport stations in African countries alongside improving access to clean water/handwashing facilities, and undertaking structural changes to facilitate behaviours and monitoring for unintended consequences such as livelihoods of vulnerable populations.

scholarly journals TANTRA O YOGA. ESTUDIOS CLÍNICOS, 2ª PARTE: TANTRA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-116
Author(s):  
Oscar R. Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Spiritual Experience ◽  
Anxiety Management ◽  
Phasic Alertness ◽  
Qualitative Systematic Review ◽  
Revisión Sistemática ◽  
Visual Tasks ◽  
Fear And Anxiety

Varios estudios clínicos realizados muestran cómo las prácticas tántricas así como los ejercicios de las tradiciones védicas, como el yoga, o budistas theravada o mahayana, tienen un impacto psicobiológico significativo. Este estudio busca el correlato neurofisiológico de las prácticas llamadas meditaciones tántricas  y no-tántricas mediante una revisión sistemática cualitativa de los datos recolectados. Se evidenció que las prácticas tántricas producen un aumento en la actividad simpática, del estado de «alerta fásica» y en el rendimiento en tareas cognitivo visuales. Promueven una mayor vigilia y menor propensión al sueño, generan un incremento en la actividad cognitiva y modificaciones metabólicas contrarias a las que se verifican de las no-tántricas como consecuencia del relax inducido por esas prácticas. Las prácticas tántricas producen un estado de calma y claridad mental, con la energía y excitación suficiente para funcionar en el entorno con eficacia en el manejo de la irritabilidad, la tensión y la fatiga, al igual que el manejo del miedo y de la ansiedad. La experiencia espiritual «del despertar» y de la «autorrealización» tienen su correspondencia neurofuncional y anatómica, de modificaciones neuroplásticas que desarrollan un nuevo nivel de sensibilidad, percepción y autopercepción. AbstractSeveral clinical studies show how exercises in Vedic traditions, such as Yoga, or Theravada or Mahayana Buddhisms as well as tantric practices have a significant psychobiological impact. This study seeks the neurophysiological correlate of the practices called tantric and non-tantric meditations through a qualitative systematic review of the data collected. Tantric practices were proved to show increased sympathetic activity, «phasic alertness», and better performance at cognitive visual tasks. They promote greater wakefulness and decresead propensity to sleep, increased cognitive activity and metabolic changes as contrasted with those resulting from non-tantric practices due to the relaxation induced by such practices. Tantric practices create calmness and mental clarity, with enough energy and excitement to function in the environment effectively in managing irritability, stress and fatigue, as well as fear and anxiety management. The spiritual experience of "awakening" and "self-realization" has a neurofunctional and anatomical correlate of neuroplastic modifications that create new levels of sensitivity, perception and self-perception.

scholarly journals Position Paper of the Task Force for Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine (AGG – Section Preterm Birth) on the Placement, Removal and Surveillance of the Arabin Cervical Pessary in Patients at Risk for Spontaneous Preterm Birth

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 1171-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Kyvernitakis ◽  
Holger Maul ◽  
Werner Rath ◽  
Katrina Kraft ◽  
Ruben Kuon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Cervical Length ◽  
Position Paper ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Spontaneous Preterm Birth ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Cervical Pessary

AbstractThis position paper describes clinically important, practical aspects of cervical pessary treatment. Transvaginal ultrasound is standard for the assessment of cervical length and selection of patients who may benefit from pessary treatment. Similar to other treatment modalities, the clinical use and placement of pessaries requires regular training. This training is essential for proper pessary placement in patients in emergency situations to prevent preterm delivery and optimize neonatal outcomes. Consequently, pessaries should only be applied by healthcare professionals who are not only familiar with the clinical implications of preterm birth as a syndrome but are also trained in the practical application of the devices. The following statements on the clinical use of pessary application and its removal serve as an addendum to the recently published German S2-consensus guideline on the prevention and treatment of preterm birth.

scholarly journals Traditional Postpartum Practices and Rituals: A Qualitative Systematic Review

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy-Lee Dennis ◽  
Kenneth Fung ◽  
Sophie Grigoriadis ◽  
Gail Erlick Robinson ◽  
Sarah Romans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Infant Care ◽  
Culturally Competent ◽  
Transition To Motherhood ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Qualitative Systematic Review ◽  
The World ◽  
Perinatal Services

Many cultures around the world observe specific postpartum rituals to avoid ill health in later years. This qualitative systematic review examined the literature describing traditional postpartum practices from 51 studies in over 20 different countries. Commonalities were identified in practices across cultures. Specifically, the themes included organized support for the mother, periods of rest, prescribed food to be eaten or prohibited, hygiene practices and those related to infant care and breastfeeding, among others. These rituals allow the mother to be ‘mothered’ for a period of time after the birth. They may have beneficial health effects as well as facilitate the transition to motherhood. In today's society, with modernization, migration and globalization, individuals may be unable to carry out the rituals or, conversely, feel pressured to carry out activities in which they no longer believe. The understanding of traditional postpartum practices can inform the provision of culturally competent perinatal services.

scholarly journals Ocular Morbidity—A Critical Analysis to Improve Outpatient Services in an Eye Department in a Sub-Saharan Megacity

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 3791
Author(s):  
Edith Mukwanseke ◽  
Janvier Kilangalanga ◽  
Flavien Lutete ◽  
Adrian Hopkins ◽  
Rudolf F. Guthoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Outpatient Services ◽  
Specific Service ◽  
Educational Situation ◽  
Optical Treatment ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
First Time

The aim of this study was to analyse outpatient services in an ophthalmic clinic of a church-run hospital providing secondary level care in an African megacity, paying special attention to the poorest users of the services. The range of examination was reviewed from 500 patient records of all ages consecutively chosen on random days attending the outpatient department for the first time in order to optimize workflow and to analyse the offered treatment modalities. Mean age was 41.9 ± 21.9 years, and 53.6% of the patients were female. Of the patients, 74.8% presented with visual impairment. The most frequent findings were refractive errors (35.8%), presbyopia (21.2%), allergic conjunctivitis (14.0%), cataract (13.2%) and glaucoma (6.4%). Patient management consisted of optical treatment (49.6%), surgery (11.4%) and medical treatment (39.0%). These results show the importance of the demand in refractive services and the need to train specific service providers. Knowing the frequencies of common conditions enables more appropriate diagnostic and treatment strategies, e.g., the importance of refractive errors, and should lead to improvements in training, staffing, therapeutics and patient outcomes. This approach can be applied to many other outpatient services and should be evaluated in light of the city’s impoverished health outreach and educational situation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document