scholarly journals Neznámý keltský ¼statér – typ hlava Athény / čtyřnohé zvíře / Unknown Celtic ¼-stater of the Athena head / four-legged animal type

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Jiří Militký
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Place Of Origin

The article is focused on one unpublished ¼-stater (1.84 g) of the Athena head / four-legged animal type. The coin has been recently documented among collectors, and no finding provenance is known. Based on the typological and metrological analyses, it is possible to take hypothetically in mind the Bohemian territory as the place of origin. It could be another 1/4-stater from the group of the so-called Bohemian local series. The hypothesis must be confirmed or disproved by further authentic finds. From the relative chronological point of view, the coin could be classified under the numismatic horizon A2, i.e. in the second half of the 3rd century BC.

scholarly journals The City of L’Aquila after the 2009 Earthquake: Review of Connections between Depopulation, Identity and Continuity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Gizzi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historic Center ◽  
The People ◽  
Restoration Work ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Tie Rods ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City

The chapter wants to take into consideration the progressive loss of identity and authenticity of the city of L’Aquila, located in the Abruzzi region of central Italy about a hundred kilometers east of Rome, after the earthquake of 2009. Described as “a small Florence of the Italian Renaissance”, L’Aquila is nestled in a basin surrounded by mountains, with what was a fully recognizable identity until the devastating earthquake which took place on April 6, 2009, the night after Palm Sunday. After those violent seismic shocks, repeated in 2016 and 2017, there was a progressive demographic depopulation, since the historic center of the capital and that of the hamlets have been closed and declared a “red zone”. The population, especially the younger ones, no longer recognizes themselves in their place of origin, and many people have preferred to leave. Authenticity, both material and formal (of the urban form) is also increasingly diminishing. Today the image of the city, which had been handed down over centuries, is lost. Immediately after the 2009 earthquake the city was closed and barred, preventing residents from remaining in their homes, even in the less damaged ones. The historic center was isolated and emptied, occupied by the military forces and the Fire Brigade. Contrary to any common sense, instead of immediately carrying out consolidation and restoration work (especially with regards to the more characteristic minor structures), it was decided to begin with long and expensive shoring and scaffolding installations. A forest of props and tie rods that secure the walls and draw imaginative and imposing patterns, thus postponing sine die urgent works. With the forced expulsion of the inhabitants which has now lasted for nearly seven years, the younger generation particularly, is showing (perhaps unconsciously) more and more indifference and detachment from their roots in the historic center. As time passes social and economic interest (as well as those of identity) in returning to their past houses fade. They prefer to pass time elsewhere, either in the suburbs where anonymous shopping centers have mushroomed, or in other cities (in some aspects this has been favored by the possibility of obtaining funds for the purchase of houses outside the municipality). This is why one can speak of a double loss of identity and continuity. The topic should, therefore, be approached from a twofold point of view: identity and continuity. Identity meaning that which transmits the original model and characteristic of place and the inhabitants; and continuity meaning that which allows you to remain permanently in the same place with a stable dwelling. We also find a dual meaning in lasting continuity; the people (inhabitants), and the space and form of architecture. Identity and continuity are also reflected in lifestyle, as well as in details, materials, colors and common feelings. A ‘sentimental heritage’ as well as a material one, which is now lost. There is, therefore, a twin theme: that of the continuation of archetypes, and that of housing models in which the population recognizes itself. Today in L’Aquila, identity has disappeared. The inhabitants no longer appear as protagonists, but are reduced to extras, to mute actors against the backdrop of an incomprehensible scene. Even if the search for a lost identity and continuity may now seem an unreal or utopian goal, it should have been the opposite; they should have been the priority and gone hand in hand with the reconstruction. At the end, the various restoration and reconstruction criteria for the survival of what remains of the city will also be examined.

scholarly journals Fruit labeling and difference between home made and imported soft climate fruit from Slovak consumer point of view: case study from Nitra region

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
Zuzana Šajbidorová ◽  
Jozef Lušňák
Keyword(s):  
Association Analysis ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Consumer Perception ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Fruit Consumption ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Questionnaire Research

Fruit consumption and production in Slovakia was very low for many years and it is still decreasing. Paradoxically, population consume less fruit today as it was in 1990 although the supply of home made and imported fresh fruit has got better.The aim of the paper is to identify and analyse the attitude and behaviour of Slovak fruit consumer from Nitra region on the basis of questionnaire research. The main task is consumer perception of information about fruit and also difference between home made fruit from Slovakia and imported soft climate fruit from abroad. We have used an association analysis to find out dependence between individual answers and respondent identification characteristics (gender, age, education, residency).As a result the interest in fruit place of origin depends on the age of respondent and thereby on the previous fruit purchase experience – negative or positive one, respondent opinion of fruit qua­li­ty class labeling in stores in Slovakia depends on respondents residency, prefering of home made soft climate fruit by its purchase in comparison to imported fruit depends on the age (previous ex­pe­rien­ce) of respondent – consumer.

scholarly journals Ayurveda and the medical knowledge in ancient India: Shadows and realities

2021 ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
CD Sebastian
Keyword(s):  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ancient India ◽  
Religious Background ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Given

Ayurveda is the Indian system of professional medicine that has come down to us from ancient times. In this paper, I look at the system from a researcher’s point of view, critically examining the given or perceived view on Ayurveda in recent times. In this sense, it might look like a contrarian view or counter position to the narrative that one sees around with regard to its origin, place of origin, date, non/religious background, etc. The paper deals with Ayurveda as an independent tradition of medicine sans ascription to any religion, the possible influences of other systems on Ayurveda, and the three great luminaries of the system, namely, Caraka, Susruta, and Vagbhata.

scholarly journals “Very old Chinese bells, a large number of which were melted down”

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-54
Author(s):  
Madeleine Herren
Keyword(s):  
Scrap Metal ◽  
Local History ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Global History ◽  
Global Networks ◽  
History Of Collecting ◽  
History Of ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
History Approach ◽  
The 19Th Century

In the second half of the 19th century, Buddhist bells from Japan began to arrive in Switzerland. The fact that these were objects listed in the so-called ethnographic collections is not surprising and the history of collecting has been a subject of postcolonial research. However, remarkably, the travel route of these bells, some of which weighed over a ton, could not be documented. Until now, the way how the bells were imported into Switzerland  as unknown, and the problem of their provenance unsolved. This article argues that a global history approach provides new insights in two respects: The consideration of materiality allows a new  nderstanding of the objects, while the activities of local collectors, seen from a micro-global point of view, reveal the local imprints of the global. Within this rationale, a history of individual bells in the possession of individual art lovers and museums translates into a history of scrap metal trade, allows to consider the disposal of disliked objects at their place of origin, and opens up a global framing of local history. Using global history as a concept, the historicity of the global gains visibility as we look at the intersection of materiality and the local involvement of global networks. Ultimately, as we follow the journey of the bells, reinterpreting scrap metal into art has formed a striking way in which local history assimilates the global.

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

How a sheperd guides a sheep herd?

1984 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 331-337
Author(s):  
Richard Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Single Ring ◽  
Damping Effects ◽  
Ring Particle

ABSTRACTThe mechanism by which a shepherd satellite exerts a confining torque on a ring is considered from the point of view of a single ring particle. It is still not clear how one might most meaningfully include damping effects and other collisional processes into this type of approach to the problem.

The growth of mica polytypes as studied by conventional and high-resolution TEM

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 174-177
Author(s):  
A. Baronnet ◽  
M. Amouric
Keyword(s):  
Water Pressure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Growth Mechanisms ◽  
Long Period ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Layer Stacking ◽  
Experimental Works ◽  
Potential Use

The origin of mica polytypes has long been a challenging problem for crystal- lographers, mineralogists and petrologists. From the petrological point of view, interest in this field arose from the potential use of layer stacking data to furnish further informations about equilibrium and/or kinetic conditions prevailing during the crystallization of the widespread mica-bearing rocks. From the compilation of previous experimental works dealing with the occurrence domains of the various mica "polymorphs" (1Mr, 1M, 2M1, 2M2 and 3T) within water-pressure vs temperature fields, it became clear that most of these modifications should be considered as metastable for a fixed mica species. Furthermore, the natural occurrence of long-period (or complex) polytypes could not be accounted for by phase considerations. This highlighted the need of a more detailed kinetic approach of the problem and, in particular, of the role growth mechanisms of basal faces could play in this crystallographic phenomenon.

Radiation Damage in Ceramics

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 600-603
Author(s):  
T. E. Mitchell ◽  
M. R. Pascucci ◽  
R. A. Youngman
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nuclear Waste Storage ◽  
Waste Storage ◽  
Storage Media ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Fundamental Point ◽  
Small Defect ◽  
Present Understanding

1. Introduction. Studies of radiation damage in ceramics are of interest not only from a fundamental point of view but also because it is important to understand the behavior of ceramics in various practical radiation enyironments- fission and fusion reactors, nuclear waste storage media, ion-implantation devices, outer space, etc. A great deal of work has been done on the spectroscopy of point defects and small defect clusters in ceramics, but relatively little has been performed on defect agglomeration using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in the same kind of detail that has been so successful in metals. This article will assess our present understanding of radiation damage in ceramics with illustrations using results obtained from the authors' work.

Structural aspects of osmoregulation in porphyra

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-413
Author(s):  
C. Wiencke ◽  
A. Lauchli
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Chemical Fixation ◽  
Cellular Organization ◽  
Osmotic Adaptation ◽  
Osmotic Balance ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Osmotic Agents ◽  
Vacuolar System ◽  
Structural Aspects

Osmoregulatory mechanisms in algae were investigated mainly from a physiological point of view (KAUSS 1977, HELLEBUST 1976). In Porphyra two osmotic agents, i. e. floridoside/isofloridoside (KAUSS 1968) and certain ions, such as K+ and Na+(EPPLEY et al. 1960) are considered for osmotic balance. Accumulations of ions (particularly Na+) in the cytoplasm during osmotic adaptation is improbable, because the activity of enzymes is generally inhibited by high ionic concentrations (FLOWERS et al. 1977).The cellular organization of Porphyra was studied with special emphasis on the development of the vacuolar system under different hyperosmotic conditions. Porphyra was cultivated at various strengths of the culture medium ASP 12 (PROVASOLI 1961) ranging from normal to 6 times concentrated (6x) culture medium. Por electron microscopy freeze fracturing was used (specimens fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde and incubated in 30% glycerol, preparation in a BALZERS BA 360 M apparatus), because chemical fixation gave poor results.

Elucidation of block boundaries as the dissolution channels in hydrated cement

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 484-485
Author(s):  
N.V. Belov ◽  
U.I. Papiashwili ◽  
B.E. Yudovich
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Benzoyl Peroxide ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hardened Cement ◽  
Hydrated Cement ◽  
Hardened Cement Paste

It has been almost universally adopted that dissolution of solids proceeds with development of uniform, continuous frontiers of reaction.However this point of view is doubtful / 1 /. E.g. we have proved the active role of the block (grain) boundaries in the main phases of cement, these boundaries being the areas of hydrate phases' nucleation / 2 /. It has brought to the supposition that the dissolution frontier of cement particles in water is discrete. It seems also probable that the dissolution proceeds through the channels, which serve both for the liquid phase movement and for the drainage of the incongruant solution products. These channels can be appeared along the block boundaries.In order to demonsrate it, we have offered the method of phase-contrast impregnation of the hardened cement paste with the solution of methyl metacrylahe and benzoyl peroxide. The viscosity of this solution is equal to that of water.

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