scholarly journals Sokolské jednoty Čechů z Volyně

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 15-31
Author(s):  
Ondřej Štěpánek
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Community Life ◽  
World War ◽  
Czech Lands

The fundamental purpose of this article is to contribute towards mapping out the hitherto largely neglected development and significance of one of the most important aspects of the community life of emigrants from the Czech Lands settled in the area of Volyně – known as the Volyně Czechs. The article deals with their Sokol Physical Education Associations, from their initial foundation in the 1870s to the activities of the Czechs of Volyně in the aftermath of World War II subsequent to their re-emigration to Czechoslovakia. Particular attention is devoted to the inter-war period, during which the Associations achieved their greatest expansion in Volyně. They helped not only to develop physical fitness but also towards the upbringing of the youth, strengthening their Czech consciousness and sense of belonging to their historical homeland. Despite the fact that their activities would later become complicated and indeed rendered impossible by the Polish and Soviet authorities, the Sokol Associations left an important mark – still remembered in various places within the region, and to which present-day associations hark back.

A crusade against the curve? Physical education for disabled pupils in France after World War II (1945–1958)

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-534
Author(s):  
Yacine Tajri ◽  
Jean Saint-Martin ◽  
Tony Froissart
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
World War

Moving with the Times: The Wellington New Dance Group

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (S1) ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
Marianne Schultz
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Modern Dance ◽  
Art Music ◽  
World War ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Times ◽  
Radical Ideas

This paper explores the founding of the New Dance Group in Wellington, New Zealand, in 1945. The New Dance Group introduced radical ideas about dance, art, music, politics, and physical education to New Zealand. This paper examines the influence that American and European dance and physical education had on New Zealand's physical and artistic expression and places the introduction of modern dance within the social and cultural landscape of immediate the post—World War II period in New Zealand.

REFUGEE CAMPS AND GATED COMMUNITIES AS A SOLUTION FOR HOUSING

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Büşra Özaydin Çat
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Refugee Camp ◽  
Gated Communities ◽  
Gated Community ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
World War ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The City

Today the World has a biggest crisis of refugee since The World War II. Refugee is a person who is depressed due to his/her religion, race and ideas or who defect to another country with fear of being oppressed. The refugee camps are high intensity places which provide refugees housing and other social and physical needs. On the other hand today in the capitalist and global cities the most important places for housing are gated communities. The scope of this study is to examine the social and physical similarities of refugee camps and gated communities. Within this framework when we look at some definitions of the concept of gated community, we can see the imitation of refugee camp. In this study, firstly the concept of housing/dwelling and the concept of security which is the most important reason of emerging of gated communities and refugee camps will be analyzed. Then physical and social resemblances of gated communities and refugee camps will be examined. For identifying physical similarities being surrounded by wall or fence, location of the gated communities and refugee camps in the city, their outbuildings like market, pharmacy and their intensity will be analyzed. For social similarities the sense of belonging of refugees and residents and their relations with city will be examined. The results of these will be summarized and evaluated.

Changes of Nuptiality in Czech Lands and Slovakia, 1918-1988

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
Ludmila Fialová
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Family Instability ◽  
World War ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Demographic Behavior ◽  
The World ◽  
Czech Lands

During the period between the World Wars differences in the age at first marriage and proportions married in the Czech and Slovak areas of the Czechoslovak Republic showed the two to be distinct regions. In the post-World War II period, however, differences in both measures have diminished and have almost disappeared, suggesting homogenization of demographic behavior. Current ages at first marriage have fallen to the levels-interwar demographers believed to be conducive to family instability.

scholarly journals Jan Kotyza, żołnierz Armii Krajowej, Batalionów Chłopskich, ludowego Wojska Polskiego – zarys biograficzny

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-169
Author(s):  
Wojciech Paduchowski
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
World War ◽  
Armed Struggle ◽  
People's Party ◽  
Peasant Family

The article presents a biographical outline of Jan Kotyza, a soldier of the Home Army, Peasants’ Battalions and the Polish People’s Army. He was born in Bieńczyce near Cracow in a peasant family. Thanks to the persistence of his parents and teachers he finished high school and then studied physical education at the Jagiellonian University. Just before the outbreak of World War II, Kotyza took over the position of manager of the newly built city stadium at 3 Maja Avenue in Cracow. He was a reserve officer but did not take part in the Polish campaign of 1939. During the occupation he got involved in underground work. Initially, it consisted only in the distribution of underground magazines. He joined the Union of Armed Struggle (ZWZ) and took pseudonym „Krzemień”. Initially he organized a platoon in the villages of Bieńczyce, Krzesławice and Mistrzejowice. Then he became the commander of the ZWZ post „Mogiła”, which included municipalities: Mogiła, Ruszcza and Węgrzce. He left the ZWZ to join the Peasants’ Battalions (BCh). At the same time he became a member of the underground People’s Party „Roch”. After the BCh where merged with the Home Army, he took command of the „Pająk” battalion. In 1943, he was promoted within the BCh and became commander of the Cracow district codenamed „Forest Inspectorate No. 6”. Shortly after the liberation from the Germans, he answered the call of the new authorities to join the so-called Polish People’s Army. Initially he was not sent to the front, eventually he was sent to the 2nd Army. He did not manage to take part in fights against the Germans. He was near Dresden, from where he was withdrawn through Wrocław to Rzeszów, where he took part in fights with the Ukrainian Insurgent Army. After being demobilized, he returned to his hometown.

““A Beriberi Heart””: Lessons from Slave Soldiers of World War II

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
jeanne schinto
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
San Diego County ◽  
National Service ◽  
World War ◽  
Ways Of Coping ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Military ◽  
Japanese Corporations

This article is a group portrait consisting of brief vignettes of three Americans who became prisoners of war and worked as slave laborers for Japanese corporations during World War II. It discusses the men's capture, their food deprivations, the effects of their malnutrition, their ways of coping with imprisonment, and their lives and attitudes toward food after liberation. The author visited with each of the men, all octogenarians living in San Diego County, California, at the time. One, in a wheelchair, was working as a national service director for American Ex-Prisoners of War; another was a retired businessman; the third, who remained in the military after the war, retired as a chief warrant officer, and had since spent a lot of his time in pursuit of physical fitness. Each of the men wrote about his experiences as a POW in both published and unpublished accounts, and this essay also quotes from those sources.

Andreja Johansona jaunības gadu Rīga: atmiņas un kultūrvēsturiskas impresijas

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-98
Author(s):  
Inguna Daukste-Silasproģe
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
World War ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
Cultural Historian ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

The article focuses on two books of the poet, essayist, cultural historian Andrejs Johansons (1922–1983), contemplations and reminiscences “Rīgas svārki mugurā” (‘Dressed in Riga suit’, 1966) and “Visi Rīgas nami skan” (‘All the Houses of Riga are Ringing’, 1970). On the one hand, they include a very personal (biographical) layer of memory, and, on the other, they can also be viewed in the context of collective memory, as they are associated with the memories of many refugees of the World War II – about the lost Latvia, Riga and home. In May 1945, Johansons, leaving Kurzeme and Liepāja by one of the last refugee boats, also took with him the memories that were later recounted in the two books. The sense of belonging to a place is important for the author; this feeling is symbolically reflected in the titles of both books. But this belonging to a place becomes more capacious – it includes events, memories and a certain time of life. While writing these books, Johansons was able to return to Riga to see it with the eyes of his youth. In both books, Johansons has marked (almost topographically marked on the map) places where he had lived and walked, and studied, enriching these places with a broader context. On the one hand, they are youth memories, and on the other, they are the unfulfilled craving and lost paradise of a long-lived, wise and educated exile. The significant value of both books is the wide cultural and historical background, historical digressions, thorough source studies and research, and a panoramic view of Riga, the capital of Latvia. The memory and reflection books about Riga by Johansons are changing, and because of this changing character, they are more than just memories. They are rich cultural, historical, and personal sketches. They make it possible to feel and even visually see Riga of the late 20s to early 40s of the 20th century. These books can inspire a 21st-century reader, a resident of Riga; they can stimulate to explore and find out about the city through its historical changes. The two books have become encyclopaedic editions that vividly and amply reveal the time, era, historical and cultural context, personalities and their destinies. Johansons’s books about Riga encourage us to look at the image of Riga in the literary works and memories of other writers, gaining a more colourful view.

The Harvard Fatigue Laboratory: contributions to World War II

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Edgar Folk
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Research Council ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
World War ◽  
Cold Chamber

The war contributions of the Harvard Fatigue Laboratory in Cambridge, MA, were recorded in 169 Technical Reports, most of which were sent to the Office of the Quartermaster General. Earlier reports were sent to the National Research Council and the Office of Scientific Research and Development. Many of the reports from 1941 and later dealt with either physical fitness of soldiers or the energetic cost of military tasks in extreme heat and cold. New military emergency rations to be manufactured in large quantities were analyzed in the Fatigue Laboratory and then tested in the field. Newly designed cold weather clothing was tested in the cold chamber at −40°F, and desired improvements were made and tested in the field by staff and soldiers in tents and sleeping bags. Electrically heated clothing was designed for high-altitude flight crews and tested both in laboratory chambers and field tests before being issued. This eye witness account of the Harvard Fatigue Laboratory during World War II was recorded by Dr. G. Edgar Folk, who is likely the sole surviving member of that famous laboratory.

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