scholarly journals Good for the Shah, Banned for the Mullahs: The West and Iran's Quest for Nuclear Power

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Kibaroglu
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Enrichment Facility ◽  
Uranium Enrichment ◽  
The West ◽  
Nuclear Program ◽  
The Status ◽  
Do So

Iran's nuclear program has become a highly controversial issue in international politics since the August 2002 unveiling of the secretly built uranium enrichment facility in Natanz and the heavy-water production plant in Arak. American officials and experts assert that Iran has secret plans to use its nuclear capabilities to develop nuclear weapons. Iranian officials, however, deny such allegations and claim that they will use their capabilities exclusively for peaceful purposes. Notwithstanding the official rhetoric, some Iranian scholars, intellectuals, and even bureaucrats argue that Iran should seriously consider developing nuclear weapons given that they have the necessary skills and capabilities as well as the reasons to do so. The clerical leaders have supposedly not yet decided about weaponizing Iran's nuclear capability. However, the ever-increasing size of Iran's existing nuclear infrastructure, and the achievements of Iranian scientists, who claim to have developed indigenous capabilities, may very well elevate Iran to the status of a nuclear power, even a de facto nuclear-weapons state.

(Book Review) Iran and Nuclear Weapons: Protracted Conflict and Proliferation by Saira Khan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masooma Jafri
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Economic Pressure ◽  
Nuclear Program ◽  
Protracted Conflict ◽  
The Status ◽  
Key Issues

Saira Khan in her book ‘Iran and Nuclear weapons: Protracted Conflict and proliferation’, has discussed a number of key issues related to the Iranian nuclear program, and made an attempt to make explicit the factors that persuade a state to seek nuclear weapons. Khan addresses the following questions in here book: why a state enduring economic pressure and international condemnation still looks forward to developing its nuclear capabilities? What are the drivers of the Iranian nuclear keenness to acquire the status of a nuclear power? What is the relation between protracted conflicts and the risks of proliferation of nuclear weapons considering the Iranian case in Middle East?

Iran’s Nuclear Saga; And Iraq Averts an Inter-Sectarian War

2019 ◽  
pp. 201-240
Author(s):  
Dilip Hiro
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
United Nations Security Council ◽  
The Other ◽  
Enrichment Facility ◽  
Uranium Enrichment ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Nuclear Program ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
The Us

Alarmed by the news in August 2002 that Iran was hiding a uranium enrichment facility from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Riyadh strengthened its ties with Pakistan, a declared nuclear power. With the election of radical conservative Mahmoud Ahmadinejad as Iran’s president in 2005, the issue of Tehran’s nuclear program turned into a crisis which was referred to the United Nations Security Council. This reassured Riyadh. On the other hand, it refused to face the reality that once the US, as the occupying power in Iraq, had introduced free and fair elections in post-Saddam Hussein era, the long-suppressed Shia majority would gain power through elections. This happened in late 2005. The alienated Sunni militants, forming Al Qaida in Mesopotamia, bombed a sacred Shia shrine in Samarra in February 2006, and triggered low-intensity warfare between Shias and Sunnis. Washington and Baghdad worked jointly to dampen sectarian violence, and succeeded by buying Sunni tribal leaders’ loyalties with cash. In his secret cable to the State Department in September 2009, the US ambassador in Baghdad conceded that Iran’s influence in Iraq was pervasive. In other words, the balance of power in the Saudi-Iranian Cold War had shifted in Tehran’s favor.

scholarly journals Iran's Nuclear Program – Past, Present and Uncertain Future

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
A. Dyakov
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Uranium Enrichment ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Nuclear Program ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
Heavy Water Reactor ◽  
Close Cooperation ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
Multilateral Diplomacy ◽  
Phase Out

Over the past two decades, Iran’s nuclear program, its character and direction have been under the scrutiny of the international community. Announcing its plans for the development of nuclear energy, Iran initiated both work to create enterprises for the uranium enrichment and the construction of a heavy water reactor in Arak. However, already in the early 2000s, it was reported about Tehran’s failure to fulfil its obligations under the International Atomic Energy Agency Safeguards Agreement. This raised suspicions that the country was conducting covert nuclear activities aimed at creating nuclear weapons. The state of Iran’s nuclear program has become a matter of concern to the world community and, based on a number of resolutions adopted by the UN Security Council, the IAEA has made efforts to clarify the nature of the Iranian nuclear program and Iran’s implementation of the NPT safeguards agreement. It was found that until 2003, Iran had implemented a nuclear weapons program. The decision by Tehran to disclose all its nuclear activities as well as the efforts of the IAEA and multilateral diplomacy made it possible in 2015 to agree on the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) to resolve all questions related with the Iranian nuclear program and take measures to guarantee its exclusively peaceful nature. Since the beginning of the JCPOA implementation, Iran has strictly followed its obligations. However, the U.S.’ withdrawal from the Plan in May 2018, restoration and strengthening of their economic sanctions against Iran created a situation where Tehran, starting in July 2019, began to phase out its obligations under the JCPOA. At the same time, to date, Iran has been carrying out all its activities in close cooperation and under the constant supervision of the IAEA. The future of the Iranian nuclear program is difficult to predict, this will largely be determined by the ability of the remaining JCPOA participants to find and implement solutions which would suit all of them.

Washington will prove a paper tiger on North Korea

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Nuclear Test ◽  
Nuclear Technology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Status ◽  
North Korean Regime

Significance Since its first nuclear test in 2006, North Korea has made steady progress in nuclear weapons technology. The July 4 ICBM test reflects its progress on delivery systems with longer ranges and increased sophistication. Pyongyang routinely claims to possess the status as a full nuclear power with the ability to retaliate with strategic nuclear arms against a US attack. Impacts Beijing is likely to share Washington’s concerns about nuclear technology transfer by a more secure North Korean regime. However, Washington is likely to position more rapid-strike conventional forces in the region, over China’s vociferous objections. Once North Korea is confident in its deterrent, it may be willing to offer a cessation of testing in exchange for sanctions relief.

scholarly journals AGREEMENT ON THE JOINT COMPREHENSIVE PLAN OF ACTION (JCPOA) BETWEEN IRAN AND THE UNITED STATES

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Mohamad Amine El Khalfi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
The United States ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Uranium Enrichment ◽  
The West ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
Nuclear Development ◽  
Trump Administration

Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) is the result of diplomatic negotiations reached by the United States, Britain, France, Russia, China, Germany and Iran in 2015 regarding the Iran Nuclear Agreement. The emergence of this agreement was due to Iran's actions abusing its nuclear development to serve as a weapon of mass destruction in 2011. In response to this, Western countries imposed economic sanctions on Iran in the hope of weakening Iran's position so that it does not have the ability to continue its nuclear weapons program. In fact, these sanctions succeeded in weakening the Iranian economy but were not politically effective enough because the Iranian government remained strong, this led to Iran being still involved in various conflicts in the region and still insisting on developing its uranium enrichment. Iran's tough stance made Western countries choose to bring Iran into the negotiations by making offers that could attract Iran's attention. During the Obama administration, the United States succeeded in bringing Iran into the negotiations. An achievement when the United States together with Britain, France, Russia, China, and Germany succeeded in getting Iran to agree to stop developing its nuclear weapons in exchange for the lifting of sanctions from the West. However, when the Donald Trump administration tensions began to re-emerge with the assassination of one of Iran's war generals that took place in 2020. The United States succeeded in bringing Iran into the talks. An achievement when the United States together with Britain, France, Russia, China, and Germany succeeded in getting Iran to agree to stop developing its nuclear weapons in exchange for the lifting of sanctions from the West. However, when the Donald Trump administration tensions began to re-emerge with the assassination of one of Iran's war generals that took place in 2020. The United States succeeded in bringing Iran into the negotiations. An achievement when the United States together with Britain, France, Russia, China, and Germany succeeded in getting Iran to agree to stop developing its nuclear weapons in exchange for the lifting of sanctions from the West. However, when the Donald Trump administration tensions began to re-emerge with the assassination of one of Iran's war generals that took place in 2020.

Israel

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipin Narang
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear State ◽  
Nuclear Program ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

This chapter considers how one might treat Israel's nuclear posture, given that it is a posture comprising capabilities that have never been confirmed. Israel is the world's oldest closet nuclear state. For more than forty years it has neither confirmed nor denied its possession of nuclear weapons, and has vowed not to be the first to “introduce” nuclear weapons into the Middle East. But it has circulated enough credible rumors and hints that it does possess a nuclear weapons capability to lead most of the world to believe that Israel was the world's sixth nuclear power. Based on incredible access to Israeli officials and declassified U.S. documents, this chapter reveals the most authoritative history of Israel's nuclear program. Drawing on previous works on the subject, this chapter fits Israel's nuclear posture into the broader comparative typology.

scholarly journals Political Initiatives of Scientists: Göttingen Seven, Einstein–Szilard Letter, Franck Report, Göttingen Manifesto, March for Science, Scientists for Future

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Walter Kühne
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ivory Tower ◽  
The West ◽  
Nuclear Program ◽  
German Army ◽  
Climate Change Denial

Scientists do not always live in their ivory tower. In 1837 the Göttingen Seven protested against the abolition or alteration of the constitution of the Kingdom of Hanover. In 1939 the Einstein–Szilard letter suggested that the United States should start its own nuclear program. In 1945 the Franck Report recommended that the United States not use the atomic bomb as a weapon. In 1957 the Göttingen Manifesto protested against arming the West German army with nuclear weapons. In 2017 the March for Science protested in more than 600 cities worldwide against climate change denial. In 2019 Scientists for Future supported the climate activists Fridays for Future. Here I present full lists of the names of the signatories.

Representing the Iran Nuclear Issue in the Australian

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shah Nister Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
The West ◽  
Nuclear Program ◽  
Media Criticism ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
Nuclear Issue

AbstractThis study investigates news, editorials and opinion pieces (op-ed) appearing in the Australian in the context of Iran’s nuclear project and finds that the attention of this newspaper is inconsistent with the International Non-Proliferation Treaty. It argues that the Iran nuclear program is represented as a threat and Iran is perceived as untrustworthy. Furthermore, this newspaper does not criticize “the West” and its allies for having and using nuclear weapons. Ultimately, it demonstrates the limitations of media criticism of official policy. This study also draws attention to the fact that the Australian espouses a predominantly Orientalist view.

Contemporary Qur'anic Studies in Iran and its Relationship with Qur'anic Studies in the West

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-72
Author(s):  
Morteza Karimi-Nia
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
The West ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
Religious Learning ◽  
The Status ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The status of tafsīr and Qur'anic studies in the Islamic Republic of Iran has changed significantly during recent decades. The essay provides an overview of the state of Qur'anic studies in Iran today, aiming to examine the extent of the impact of studies by Western scholars on Iranian academic circles during the last three decades and the relationship between them. As in most Islamic countries, the major bulk of academic activity in Iran in this field used to be undertaken by the traditional ʿulamāʾ; however, since the beginning of the twentieth century and the establishment of universities and other academic institutions in the Islamic world, there has been increasing diversity and development. After the Islamic Revolution, many gradual changes in the structure and approach of centres of religious learning and universities have occurred. Contemporary advancements in modern sciences and communications technologies have gradually brought the institutions engaged in the study of human sciences to confront the new context. As a result, the traditional Shīʿī centres of learning, which until 50 years ago devoted themselves exclusively to the study of Islamic law and jurisprudence, today pay attention to the teaching of foreign languages, Qur'anic sciences and exegesis, including Western studies about the Qur'an, to a certain extent, and recognise the importance of almost all of the human sciences of the West.

Values and Gender Equality between Islam and the West

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
Moulay Rachid Mrani
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Women And Gender ◽  
The West ◽  
Living Together ◽  
The Status ◽  
Muslim Intellectuals ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
And Gender

If the development of technology, means of communication, and rapid transportation have made continents closer and made the world a small village, the outcome of the ensuing encounters among cultures and civilizations is far from being a mere success. Within this new reality Muslims, whether they live in majority or minority contexts, face multiple challenges in terms of relating to non-Muslim cultures and traditions. One of these areas is the status of women and gender equality. Ali Mazrui was one of the few Muslim intellectuals to be deeply interested in this issue. His dual belonging, as an African and as a westerner, enable him to understand such issues arising from the economic, political, and ethical contrasts between the West and Islam. This work pays tribute to this exceptional intellectual’s contribution toward the rapprochement between the western and the Islamic value systems, illustrating how he managed to create a “virtual” space for meeting and living together between two worlds that remain different yet dependent upon each other. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document