scholarly journals Does free nicotine replacement improve smoking cessation rates in cancer patients?

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J Arifin ◽  
L. C. McCracken ◽  
S. Nesbitt ◽  
A. Warner ◽  
R. E. Dinniwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Smoking Cessation Program ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Smoking Reduction ◽  
Nicotine Replacement ◽  
Patients With Cancer

Background Cigarette smoking is carcinogenic and has been linked to inferior treatment outcomes and complication rates in cancer patients. Here, we report the results of an 18-month pilot smoking cessation program that provided free nicotine replacement therapy (nrt).Methods In January 2017, the smoking cessation program at our institution began offering free nrt for actively cigarette-smoking patients with cancer. The cost of 4 weeks of nrt was covered by the program, and follow-up was provided by smoking cessation champions.Results From January 2017 to June 2018, 8095 patients with cancer were screened for cigarette use, of whom 1135 self-identified as current or recent smokers. Of those 1135 patients, 117 enrolled in the program and accepted a prescription for nrt. The rates of patient referral and patients attending a referral appointment were significantly higher in 2018–2018 than they had been in 2015–2016 (100% vs. 80.3%, p < 0.001, and 27.6% vs. 11.3%, p < 0.001, respectively). Median follow-up was 9.0 months (25%–75% interquartile range: 5.7–11.6 months). Of the patients who accepted nrt and who also had complete data (n = 71), 25 (35.2%) reported complete smoking cessation, and 32 (45.1%) reported only decreased cigarette smoking. On univariable analysis, no factors were significantly predictive of smoking cessation, although initial cigarette use (>10 vs. ≤10 initial cigarettes) was significantly predictive of smoking reduction (odds ratio: 5.04; 95% confidence interval: 1.46 to 17.45; p = 0.011).Conclusions This pilot study of free nrt demonstrated rates of referral and acceptance of nrt that were improved compared with historical rates, and most referred patients either decreased their use of cigarettes or quit entirely.

scholarly journals E-Cigarette Flavors and Frequency of E-Cigarette Use among Adult Dual Users Who Attempt to Quit Cigarette Smoking in the United States: Longitudinal Findings from the PATH Study 2015/16–2016/17

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4373
Author(s):  
Karin A. Kasza ◽  
Maciej L. Goniewicz ◽  
Kathryn C. Edwards ◽  
Michael D. Sawdey ◽  
Marushka L. Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Relationship

Potential mechanisms by which e-cigarette use may relate to combustible cigarette smoking cessation are not well-understood. We used U.S. nationally representative data to prospectively evaluate the relationship between e-cigarette flavor use and frequency of e-cigarette use among adult cigarette/e-cigarette dual users who attempted to quit smoking cigarettes. Analyses used Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study data from adult dual users (2015/16) who attempted to quit smoking between 2015/16 and 2016/17 (Wave 3-Wave 4, n = 685, including those who did/did not quit by 2016/17). E-cigarette flavor use (usual/last flavor, past 30-day flavor; assessed in 2015/16) was categorized into Only tobacco; Only menthol/mint; Only non-tobacco, non-menthol/mint; and Any combination of tobacco, menthol/mint, other flavor(s). The key outcome, evaluated at follow-up in 2016/17, was frequent e-cigarette use, which was defined as use on 20+ of past 30 days. Logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between e-cigarette flavor use in 2015/16 and frequent e-cigarette use at follow-up in 2016/17. Dual users who attempted to quit smoking had greater odds of frequent e-cigarette use at follow-up when they used only non-tobacco, non-menthol/mint flavor than when they used only tobacco flavor as their regular/last e-cigarette flavor (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1–3.4); findings were no longer significant when adjusted for factors including e-cigarette device type (AOR = 1.4, 95% CI: 0.7–2.8). Past 30-day e-cigarette flavor use results were generally similar, although frequent e-cigarette use at follow-up was highest among those who used any combination of tobacco, menthol/mint, or other flavors. Findings indicate that e-cigarette flavor use among dual users who attempt to quit smoking may be related to e-cigarette use frequency overall, which may indicate a mechanism underlying findings for e-cigarette use and smoking cessation. Further longitudinal research may help to disentangle how e-cigarette characteristics uniquely impact e-cigarette use frequency and smoking cessation/sustained use.

scholarly journals How can we better help cancer patients quit smoking? The London Regional Cancer Program experience with smoking cessation

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 226 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Davidson ◽  
R.G. Boldt ◽  
A.V. Louie
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Interactive Voice Response ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Smoking Cessation Program ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Local Health Unit ◽  
Cancer Program

Background Because continued cigarette smoking after a cancer diagnosis is associated with detrimental outcomes, supporting cancer patients with smoking cessation is imperative. We evaluated the effect of the Smoking Cessation Program at the London Regional Cancer Program (lrcp) over a 2-year period.Methods The Smoking Cessation Program at the lrcp began in March 2014. New patients are screened for tobacco use. Tobacco users are counselled about the benefits of cessation and are offered referral to the program. If a patient accepts, a smoking cessation champion offers additional counselling. Follow-up is provided by interactive voice response (ivr) telephone system. Accrual data were collected monthly from January 2015 to December 2016 and were evaluated.Results During 2015–2016, 10,341 patients were screened for tobacco use, and 18% identified themselves as current or recent tobacco users. In 2015, 84% of tobacco users were offered referral, but only 13% accepted, and 3% enrolled in ivr follow-up. At the lrcp in 2016, 77% of tobacco users were offered referral to the program, but only 9% of smokers accepted, and only 2% enrolled in ivr follow-up.Conclusions The Smoking Cessation Program at the lrcp has had modest success, because multiple factors influence a patient’s success with cessation. Limitations of the program include challenges in referral and counselling, limited access to nicotine replacement therapy (nrt), and minimal follow-up. To mitigate some of those challenges, a pilot project was launched in January 2017 in which patients receive free nrt and referral to the local health unit.

Smoking Reduction Based on a Situational Model of Craving

1989 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 963-966
Author(s):  
K. O'Connor ◽  
M. Physant-Skov
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Smoking Cessation Program ◽  
Smoking Reduction ◽  
Situational Model ◽  
Positive Images

Eight smokers participated in a smoking-cessation program involving controlled situational reduction and behavioral substitution. Six completed the treatment, and over-all reduction was significant. Reduction was maintained at 12-month follow-up. Ratings of positive images of smoking also changed posttreatment.

scholarly journals Impact of e-cigarette use among a cohort of American Indian cigarette smokers: associations with cigarette smoking cessation and cigarette consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley L Comiford ◽  
Dorothy A Rhoades ◽  
Paul Spicer ◽  
Justin D Dvorak ◽  
Kai Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Cigarette Consumption ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Significant Difference

IntroductionDespite American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) people having the highest prevalence of cigarette smoking nationwide, few studies have evaluated e-cigarette use among AI/AN adults who smoke. The primary objective of this observational pilot cohort study was to determine if e-cigarette use is associated with cigarette smoking cessation or reduction among adult AI individuals who smoke.MethodsIn 2016, we collected baseline survey and biomarker data among AI adults who smoke. The survey included questions about cigarette consumption and use of e-cigarettes and biomarkers, such as salivary cotinine markers and exhaled carbon monoxide. After 18 months, we repeated data collection, and asked about changes in cigarette smoking status and cigarettes per day (CPD). Comparisons between groups were performed using the χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test.ResultsOf 375 baseline participants, 214 (57.07%) returned for follow-up and were included in analyses. Of these, 20 (9.3%) reported having stopped cigarette smoking and had biochemical verification of cigarette smoking abstinence. Among those who quit smoking, 15% were baseline e-cigarette users; while among those who continued to smoke at follow-up, about 11% were baseline e-cigarette users. This difference was not statistically significant (p=0.48). Among all those who continued to smoke at follow-up, there was no overall decrease in CPD, nor a significant difference in change in CPD between baseline e-cigarette users and non-users (p=0.98).ConclusionsE-cigarette use at baseline was not associated with smoking cessation or a change in CPD in this cohort of AI adults who smoke after an 18-month follow-up period.

scholarly journals Electronic cigarette use and smoking reduction – longitudinal data from CONSTANCES cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Gomajee ◽  
F El-Khoury ◽  
M Goldberg ◽  
M Zins ◽  
C Lemogne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Smoking Reduction ◽  
Smoking Relapse ◽  
Former Smokers

Abstract Aims Electronic cigarettes are often used by smokers to stop smoking and former smokers to prevent relapse. We examined whether electronic cigarette use lead to smoking reduction and cessation among smokers, and relapse among former smokers. Design and Settings The CONSTANCES cohort, France (2012 - ongoing). Measurements Among smokers (N = 5,400, average follow-up of 23.4 months), mixed regression models were used to examine whether electronic cigarette use was linked to a decrease in the number of cigarettes smoked per day and Poisson regression models with sandwich variance estimators were used to test smoking cessation. In parallel, Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the relationship between electronic cigarettes use and smoking relapse among former smokers who stopped smoking since 2010 (N = 2,025, average follow-up of 22.1 months), year in which electronic cigarettes were introduced in France. All statistical analyses were adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics, duration of follow-up, and smoking characteristics. Findings There was a significantly higher decrease in the number of cigarettes smoked/day among smokers who used electronic cigarettes (decrease of 4.4 cigarettes/day) compared to those who did not (decrease of 2.7 cigarettes/day), as well as a higher relative risk of smoking cessation (adjusted RR: 1.67 [95% CI: 1.51-1.84]). At the same time, among former smokers, EC use was associated with an increase in the rate of smoking relapse (adjusted HR = 1.70 [95% CI: 1.25-2.30]). Conclusions After a follow-up of approximately 2 years, electronic cigarettes use among smokers was associated to a decrease in smoking level and an increase in smoking cessation attempts but among former smokers it was associated to a higher risk of smoking relapse. Key messages Among smokers, electronic cigarette use was associated to smoking reduction and smoking cessation. Among former smokers who quit smoking since 2010, electronic cigarette use was associated to a higher likelihood of relapse.

Efficacy of electronic cigarettes for tobacco smoking cessation: An adapted systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
T O'Dowd
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Smoking Reduction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Background Worldwide smoking remains the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality. Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are increasingly used by tobacco smokers as an aid to smoking cessation; however, their efficacy remains uncertain. Methods Electronic databases, clinical trial registries and grey literature sources were searched. The aim was to examine randomised controlled trials or prospective cohort studies, published since the 2016 Cochrane review on this topic, that assessed the efficacy of ECs in achieving smoking cessation among current smokers. Results Two RCTs and five cohort studies, including a total of 16,460 participants, were eligible for inclusion. One RCT found sustained 1-year abstinence of 18.0% in the EC group versus 9.9% in the nicotine replacement therapy group (RR: 1.83; 95% CI 1.30 to 2.58; P &lt; 0.001). The second RCT did not find a statistically significant difference in abstinence rates between EC users and non-users (RR 0.71). Of the five included cohort studies, four reported statistically significant RRs. Two found a positive association (RRs of 1.45 and 1.84) between EC use and smoking cessation but two studies showed EC use was associated with reduced smoking cessation (RRs of 0.25 and 0.35). Due to significant heterogeneity between the studies the data were deemed unsuitable for pooling into a meta-analysis. All trials assessing smoking reduction reported higher rates of reduction among EC users. No serious adverse events were reported with EC use. Follow-up periods of included trials ranged from one to four years, with an average of 1.6 years. Conclusions There is limited, low-quality evidence that ECs are an effective intervention for smoking cessation and smoking reduction. The overall quality of evidence is low as it is based on a small number of studies with inconsistent and imprecise results. Due to the short follow-up periods of the included trials, the long-term safety of ECs is unclear from this review. Key messages Limited evidence that electronic cigarettes are an effective smoking cessation intervention. Further well-designed randomised controlled trials are required to investigate the efficacy of ECs for smoking cessation.

scholarly journals Sex Difference in the Association between Electronic Cigarette Use and Subsequent Cigarette Smoking among U.S. Adolescents: Findings from the PATH Study Waves 1–4

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1695
Author(s):  
Zongshuan Duan ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Jidong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Estimation Equations ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Prospective Association

E-cigarettes are the most-used tobacco products among U.S. adolescents. Emerging evidence suggests that adolescents using e-cigarettes are at elevated risk for initiating cigarette smoking. However, whether this risk may differ by sex remains unknown. This study analyzed data from Wave 1 to 4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, a nationally representative longitudinal survey. Generalized estimation equations (GEE) were performed to estimate the associations between baseline e-cigarette use and subsequent cigarette smoking, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, mental health conditions, and other tobacco use. Effect modifications by sex were examined. Multivariate analyses showed that, among baseline never cigarette smokers, past-30-day e-cigarette use at baseline waves was significantly associated with past-30-day cigarette smoking at follow-up waves (aOR = 3.90, 95% CI: 2.51–6.08). This association was significantly stronger for boys (aOR = 6.17, 95% CI: 2.43–15.68) than for girls (aOR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.14–8.33). Additionally, using other tobacco products, older age, and having severe externalizing mental health problems at baseline were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of cigarette smoking at follow-up. The prospective association between e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking differs by sex among U.S. adolescents. Sex-specific tobacco control interventions may be warranted to curb the youth tobacco use epidemic.

Smoking Cessation and Electronic Cigarette Use among Head and Neck Cancer Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas McQueen ◽  
Erin J. Partington ◽  
Kathleen F. Harrington ◽  
Eben L. Rosenthal ◽  
William R. Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cigarette Use
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