Additive electron beam equipment for layer-by-layer manufacture of metal products from powder materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
V.A. Matviychuk ◽  
◽  
V.M. Nesterenkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Metal Products ◽  
Layer Manufacture

scholarly journals Microstructure of VT20 titanium alloys produced by the method of layer-by-layer electron beam fusion using domestic powder materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (9) ◽  
pp. 2-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.M. Nesterenkov ◽  
◽  
V.A. Matviichuk ◽  
M.O. Rusynik ◽  
T.B. Yanko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Vt20 Titanium

scholarly journals METAL PARTS MANUFACTURING BY ELECTRON BEAM ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. Zaleski ◽  
I. L. Pobol ◽  
A. A. Bakinouski ◽  
A. D. Gubko
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Heat Sink ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Additive Technologies ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Cooling Mode ◽  
Metal Products

General information about development of additive technologies, as well as an overview of the main schema- tics of layer by layer manufacturing of metal products is presented. The technologies and equipment for electron beam layerby-layer production of metal products using wire and powder as a raw material is described. Experimental data obtained by the authors as a result of electron beam additive manufacturing of low-carbon steel, stainless austenitic steel and technical titanium samples are described. Relations between the product geometry and the electron beam main parameters are obtained. The analysis of microstructures is carried out. The main zones formed in the samples fabricated by this method are described. It is shown that typical microstructure of stainless steel samples consists of the large dendrites with main axes up to a few millimeters in the direction of heat sink. In a pure titanium, in addition to the characteristic coarse-grained (up to several millimeters in diameter) structure, there are zones where a lamellar structure with colonies of about 1 mm is observed, as well as a zone in the form of a strip about 1 mm wide along the walls, which is an acicular structure. This is obviously related to the cooling mode, since the character of the heat sink along the edges of the sample differs from the central zones. The analysis of electron beam additive technologies prospects is carried out. Examples of electron beam additive technology using in modern fabrication of accelerator technics, aircraft and machine building are demonstrated.

scholarly journals Microstructure of VT20 titanium alloys produced by the method of layer-by-layer electron beam fusion using domestic powder materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (9) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
V.M. Nesterenkov ◽  
◽  
V.A. Matviichuk ◽  
M.O. Rusynik ◽  
T.B. Yanko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Vt20 Titanium

scholarly journals Contactless temperature measurement in wire-based electron beam additive manufacturing Ti-6Al-4V

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Pixner ◽  
R. Buzolin ◽  
S. Schönfelder ◽  
D. Theuermann ◽  
F. Warchomicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Thermal Cycles ◽  
Cooling Rates ◽  
Geometric Boundary ◽  
Microstructural Characterisation ◽  
Local Misorientation

AbstractThe complex thermal cycles and temperature distributions observed in additive manufacturing (AM) are of particular interest as these define the microstructure and the associated properties of the part being built. Due to the intrinsic, layer-by-layer material stacking performed, contact methods to measure temperature are not suitable, and contactless methods need to be considered. Contactless infrared irradiation techniques were applied by carrying out thermal imaging and point measurement methods using pyrometers to determine the spatial and temporal temperature distribution in wire-based electron beam AM. Due to the vacuum, additional challenges such as element evaporation must be overcome and additional shielding measures were taken to avoid interference with the contactless techniques. The emissivities were calibrated by thermocouple readings and geometric boundary conditions. Thermal cycles and temperature profiles were recorded during deposition; the temperature gradients are described and the associated temperature transients are derived. In the temperature range of the α+β field, the cooling rates fall within the range of 180 to 350 °C/s, and the microstructural characterisation indicates an associated expected transformation of β→α'+α with corresponding cooling rates. Fine acicular α and α’ formed and local misorientation was observed within α as a result of the temperature gradient and the formation of the α’.

scholarly journals Fracture Toughness of Hybrid Components with Selective Laser Melting 18Ni300 Steel Parts

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Santos ◽  
Joel de Jesus ◽  
José Ferreira ◽  
José Costa ◽  
Carlos Capela
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
Compact Tension ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Conventional Steel ◽  
Scan Rate ◽  
Aisi H13 ◽  
3D Printed

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is currently one of the more advanced manufacturing and prototyping processes, allowing the 3D-printing of complex parts through the layer-by-layer deposition of powder materials melted by laser. This work concerns the study of the fracture toughness of maraging AISI 18Ni300 steel implants by SLM built over two different conventional steels, AISI H13 and AISI 420, ranging the scan rate between 200 mm/s and 400 mm/s. The SLM process creates an interface zone between the conventional steel and the laser melted implant in the final form of compact tension (CT) samples, where the hardness is higher than the 3D-printed material but lower than the conventional steel. Both fully 3D-printed series and 3D-printed implants series produced at 200 mm/s of scan rate showed higher fracture toughness than the other series built at 400 mm/s of scan rate due to a lower level of internal defects. An inexpressive variation of fracture toughness was observed between the implanted series with the same parameters. The crack growth path for all samples occurred in the limit of interface/3D-printed material zone and occurred between laser melted layers.

Comparison of Activation Technologies Powder ECP-1 for the Synthesis of Products Using SLS

2015 ◽  
Vol 756 ◽  
pp. 220-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.V. Babakova ◽  
A.V. Gradoboev ◽  
A.A. Saprykin ◽  
E.A. Ibragimov ◽  
V.I. Yakovlev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Copper Powder ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Radioactive Isotope ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Heavy Industry ◽  
Laser Process

At present the development of methods of layer-by-layer and line-by-line synthesis of finished prototypes and functional products made of powder materials furthers introduction of these technologies into different areas of human activities from light to heavy industry and medicine. The research has been carried out to describe how gamma radiation of the Co60radioactive isotope and the mechanical activation makes an impact on the copper powder, as well as the nature of sintering by the layer-by-layer laser synthesis. The changes of the structure and properties of the powder, which generally affects the layer-by-layer laser process of products sintering, have been detected.

scholarly journals Mechanical Behavior of Differently Oriented Electron Beam Melting Ti–6Al–4V Components Using Digital Image Correlation

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edel Arrieta ◽  
Mohammad Haque ◽  
Jorge Mireles ◽  
Calvin Stewart ◽  
Cesar Carrasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Digital Image Correlation ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Electron Beam Melting ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Strain Fields ◽  
Shear Effects

Mechanical properties of additive manufactured metal components can be affected by the orientation of the layer deposition. In this investigation, Ti–6Al–4V cylindrical specimens were fabricated by electron beam melting (EBM) at four different build angles (0 deg, 30 deg, 60 deg, and 90 deg) and tested as per ASTM E8 Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials. With the layer-by-layer fabrication suggesting granting anisotropic properties to the builds, strain fields were recorded by digital image correlation (DIC) in the search for shear effects under uniaxial loads. For the validation of this measuring method, axial strains were measured with a clip extensometer and a virtual extensometer, simultaneously. Failure analysis of the specimens at different orientations was conducted to evidence the recording of shear strain fields. The failure analysis included fractography, optical micrographs of the microstructure distribution, and failure profiles displaying different failure features associated with the layering orientation. Additionally, an experimental study case of how the failure mode of components can potentially be designed from the fabrication process is presented. At the end, remarks about the shear effects found, and an insight of the possibility of designing components by failure for safer structures are discussed.

scholarly journals Influence of defects on axial fatigue strength of maraging steel specimens produced by additive manufacturing

2018 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 02005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Rigon ◽  
Giovanni Meneghetti ◽  
Michael Görtler ◽  
Daniele Cozzi ◽  
Wolfgang Waldhauser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Fatigue Test ◽  
Maraging Steel ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Beam Laser ◽  
Laser Beam Melting ◽  
Axial Fatigue

Nowadays many materials such as steels, aluminium and titanium alloys can be realised by powder bed solutions melting subsequently powder layers by means of a laser or electron beam (Laser Beam Melting – LBM and Electron Beam Melting – EBM). The microstructure realised by layer-by-layer solidification having high cooling rate cannot be considered isotropic. Therefore, the mechanical properties could be influenced by the building direction. Regarding maraging steel, the study of the influence of the building direction and the heat treatment on the static and axial fatigue strength has been investigated in a previous contribution. A large scatter of the fatigue test results was found because of the presence of detrimental surface and subsurface defects. The aim of this contribution is to present additional axial fatigue test results of maraging steel characterized by different build orientation and providing an analysis of the defects observed at the crack initiation area of the fracture surface.

Heat Transfer and Phase Formation through EBM 3D-Printing of Ti-6Al-4V Cylindrical Parts

2018 ◽  
Vol 383 ◽  
pp. 190-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Popov ◽  
Alexander Katz-Demyanetz ◽  
Menachem Bamberger
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Electron Beam Melting ◽  
Geometrical Shape ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Cylindrical Parts ◽  
Transfer Modelling ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Abaqus Software

3D-printing or additive manufacturing (AM) is a group of novel intensively developed production processes, through which a "printed" object is fabricated layer-by-layer in a desired intricate geometrical shape with following joining it into a monolithic bulk by means of electron beam (EB) or laser beam (LB) melting. The present study is concentrated on the production of simple-shaped (cylindrical) Ti-6Al-4V alloy samples by Electron Beam Melting (EBM). During the rapid cooling of as-printed material's layer, martensitic structure is formed while suppressing of material's diffusivity. Effect of heat transfer conditions on the microstructure and properties obtained has been investigated. Heat transfer modelling and simulation was done utilizing the ABAQUS software package. The microstructure of the obtained material has been characterized by means of SEM and XRD. Microhardness have been also determined and correlated with the simulation results.

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