Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Broiler Meat in Morocco

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
First Line ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
E Coli

The spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) enterobacteria worldwide is a major public health threat. Resistant to at least three classes of antibiotics, MDR enterobacteria cause infections that escape first-line treatment. Escherichia coli is the most frequently isolated bacterium in poultry industry. We followed the pattern and trend of antibiotic resistance of strains of E. coli isolated from poultry meat destined for human consumption sold in Morocco during the period 2016-2018, and thus detected strains that would be multidrug-resistant (MDR). In this study we investigated the resistance of 240 strains of E. coli isolated from poultry meat to 13 antibiotics by using the agar diffusion susceptibility test method. Results showed high resistance to ciprofloxacins (87.5%), tetracycline (75%), trimethomprime-sulfametoxazole (3rd generation) (70.8%), nalidixic acid (62.5%) and cefotaxime (50%), ampicillin (45.8%); and we detected low resistance to gentamicin (29.1%). In total, 50 isolated strains of E. coli (20.8%) have shown MDR. These results are useful to practicing veterinarians trying to avoid therapeutic failures and constitute an important database for pharmacovigilance and epidemiological surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in the country.

Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Commensal Escherichia coli Isolated from Broiler Chickens in Qatar

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahla O. Eltai ◽  
Elmoubasher A. Abdfarag ◽  
Hamad Al-Romaihi ◽  
Eman Wehedy ◽  
Mahmoud H. Mahmoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Stewardship Program

ABSTRACT Antibiotic resistance (AR) is a growing public health concern worldwide, and it is a top health challenge in the 21st century. AR among Enterobacteriaceae is rapidly increasing, especially in third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems. Further, strains carrying mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) genes 1 and 2 have been isolated from humans, food-producing animals, and the environment. The uncontrolled use of antibiotics in food-producing animals is a major factor in the generation and spread of AR. No studies have been done to evaluate AR in the veterinary sector of Qatar. This study aimed at establishing primary baseline data for the prevalence of AR among food-producing animals in Qatar. Fecal samples (172) were obtained from two broiler farms and one live bird market in Qatar, and 90 commensal Escherichia coli bacteria were isolated and subjected to susceptibility testing against 16 clinically relevant antibiotics by using the E-test method. The results found that 81 (90%) of 90 isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, 14 (15.5%) of 90 isolates were colistin resistant, 2 (2.2%) of 90 isolates were extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers, and 2 (2.2%) of 90 isolates were multidrug resistant to four antibiotic classes. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing E. coli and colistin-resistant isolates were confirmed by using double-disc susceptibility testing and PCR, respectively. Such a high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli could be the result of a long application of antibiotic treatment, and it is an indicator of the antibiotic load in food-producing animals in Qatar. Pathogens carrying AR can be easily transmitted to humans through consumption of undercooked food or noncompliance with hygiene practices, mandating prompt development and implementation of a stewardship program to control and monitor the use of antibiotics in the community and agriculture.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Characterization of ESBL/AmpC Producing Escherichia coli from Fresh Meat in Portugal

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1333
Author(s):  
Lurdes Clemente ◽  
Célia Leão ◽  
Laura Moura ◽  
Teresa Albuquerque ◽  
Ana Amaro
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Meat Samples

The present study aimed to characterize the extended-spectrum β-lactamases and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases (ESBL/PMAβ) among Escherichia coli producers isolated from beef, pork, and poultry meat collected at retail, in Portugal. A total of 638 meat samples were collected and inoculated on selective medium for the search of E. coli resistant to 3rd generation cephalosporins. Isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, molecular assays targeting ESBL/AmpC, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR), and plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (PMCR) encoding genes. The highest frequency of E. coli non-wild type to 3rd generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones was observed in broiler meat (30.3% and 93.3%, respectively). Overall, a diversity of acquired resistance mechanisms, were detected: blaESBL [blaCTX-M-1 (n = 19), blaCTX-M-15 (n = 4), blaCTX-M-32 (n = 12), blaCTX-M-55 (n = 8), blaCTX-M-65 (n = 4), blaCTX-M-27 (n = 2), blaCTX-M-9 (n = 1), blaCTX-M-14 (n = 11), blaSHV-12 (n = 27), blaTEM-52 (n = 1)], blaPMAβ [blaCMY-2 (n = 8)], PMQR [qnrB (n = 27), qnrS (n = 21) and aac(6’)-Ib-type (n = 4)] and PMCR [mcr-1 (n = 8)]. Our study highlights that consumers may be exposed through the food chain to multidrug-resistant E. coli carrying diverse plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance genes, posing a great hazard to food safety and a public health risk.

scholarly journals Three-Year Trend in Escherichia coli Antimicrobial Resistance among Children’s Urine Cultures in an Italian Metropolitan Area

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 597
Author(s):  
Luca Pierantoni ◽  
Laura Andreozzi ◽  
Simone Ambretti ◽  
Arianna Dondi ◽  
Carlotta Biagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
First Line ◽  
E Coli ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in children, and Escherichia coli is the main pathogen responsible. Several guidelines, including the recently updated Italian guidelines, recommend amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC) as a first-line antibiotic therapy in children with febrile UTIs. Given the current increasing rates of antibiotic resistance worldwide, this study aimed to investigate the three-year trend in the resistance rate of E. coli isolated from pediatric urine cultures (UCs) in a metropolitan area of northern Italy. We conducted a retrospective review of E. coli-positive, non-repetitive UCs collected in children aged from 1 month to 14 years, regardless of a diagnosis of UTI, catheter colonization, urine contamination, or asymptomatic bacteriuria. During the study period, the rate of resistance to AMC significantly increased from 17.6% to 40.2% (p < 0.001). Ciprofloxacin doubled its resistance rate from 9.1% to 16.3% (p = 0.007). The prevalence of multidrug-resistant E. coli rose from 3.9% to 9.2% (p = 0.015). The rate of resistance to other considered antibiotics remained stable, as did the prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases and extensively resistant E. coli among isolates. These findings call into question the use of AMC as a first-line therapy for pediatric UTIs in our population, despite the indications of recent Italian guidelines.

scholarly journals Virulence Characteristics and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Diverse Sources

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
Momna Rubab ◽  
Deog-Hwan Oh
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Shiga Toxins ◽  
E Coli ◽  
And Control ◽  
High Degree

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an enteric pathogen that causes several gastrointestinal ailments in humans across the world. STEC’s ability to cause ailment is attributed to the presence of a broad range of known and putative virulence factors (VFs) including those that encode Shiga toxins. A total of 51 E. coli strains belonging to serogroups O26, O45, O103, O104, O113, O121, O145, and O157 were tested for the presence of nine VFs via PCR and for their susceptibility to 17 frequently used antibiotics using the disc diffusion method. The isolates belonged to eight different serotypes, including eight O serogroups and 12 H types. The frequency of the presence of key VFs were stx1 (76.47%), stx2 (86.27%), eae (100%), ehxA (98.03%), nleA (100%), ureC (94.11%), iha (96.07%), subA (9.80%), and saa (94.11%) in the E. coli strains. All E. coli strains carried seven or more distinct VFs and, among these, four isolates harbored all tested VFs. In addition, all E. coli strains had a high degree of antibiotic resistance and were multidrug resistant (MDR). These results show a high incidence frequency of VFs and heterogeneity of VFs and MDR profiles of E. coli strains. Moreover, half of the E. coli isolates (74.5%) were resistant to > 9 classes of antibiotics (more than 50% of the tested antibiotics). Thus, our findings highlight the importance of appropriate epidemiological and microbiological surveillance and control measures to prevent STEC disease in humans worldwide.

Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Swiss and Imported Poultry Meat

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. ABGOTTSPON ◽  
R. STEPHAN ◽  
C. BAGUTTI ◽  
P. BRODMANN ◽  
H. HÄCHLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Plasmid Incompatibility ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Resistance Patterns

A worrisome phenomenon is the progressive global spread of Enterobacteriaceae in poultry and chicken meat expressing plasmid-mediated enzymes that inactivate β-lactam antibiotics, suggesting that the food chain might play a role in the epidemiology and the transmission of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae to humans. The aim of the present study was to further characterize 24 extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated from domestic and imported poultry meat by antibiotic susceptibility testing, identification of the blaESBL/blapAmpC genes, conjugation mating experiments and determination of plasmid incompatibility types, multilocus sequence typing, and analysis of the Escherichia coli phylogenetic groups. On account of their resistance patterns, 21 of the total 24 isolates were classified as multidrug resistant. Eleven isolates carried a blaCMY-2 gene, whereas 13 isolates harbored a blaCTX-M-1 gene. All isolates harbored plasmids that were assigned to 8 of the 18 described plasmid incompatibility groups, the most frequent of which were IncI1, IncFIB, IncB/O, and IncFrepB. The blaESBL/blapAmpC genes were harbored mainly by transferable IncI1 and IncB/O plasmids. Multilocus sequence typing as well as E. coli phylogenetic group typing revealed a high heterogenicity even among different isolates of the same sample.

scholarly journals Clonal Structure, Virulence Factor-encoding Genes and Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli, Causing Urinary Tract Infections and Other Extraintestinal Infections in Humans in Spain and France during 2016

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia-Camille Flament-Simon ◽  
Marie-Hélène Nicolas-Chanoine ◽  
Vanesa García ◽  
Marion Duprilot ◽  
Noémie Mayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clonal Structure ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Encoding Genes ◽  
Sequence Types

Escherichia coli is the main pathogen responsible for extraintestinal infections. A total of 196 clinical E. coli consecutively isolated during 2016 in Spain (100 from Lucus Augusti hospital in Lugo) and France (96 from Beaujon hospital in Clichy) were characterized. Phylogroups, clonotypes, sequence types (STs), O:H serotypes, virulence factor (VF)-encoding genes and antibiotic resistance were determined. Approximately 10% of the infections were caused by ST131 isolates in both hospitals and approximately 60% of these infections were caused by isolates belonging to only 10 STs (ST10, ST12, ST58, ST69, ST73, ST88, ST95, ST127, ST131, ST141). ST88 isolates were frequent, especially in Spain, while ST141 isolates significantly predominated in France. The 23 ST131 isolates displayed four clonotypes: CH40-30, CH40-41, CH40-22 and CH40-298. Only 13 (6.6%) isolates were carriers of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes. However, 37.2% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Approximately 40% of the MDR isolates belonged to only four of the dominant clones (B2-CH40-30-ST131, B2-CH40-41-ST131, C-CH4-39-ST88 and D-CH35-27-ST69). Among the remaining MDR isolates, two isolates belonged to B2-CH14-64-ST1193, i.e., the new global emergent MDR clone. Moreover, a hybrid extraintestinal pathogenic E.coli (ExPEC)/enteroaggregative isolate belonging to the A-CH11-54-ST10 clone was identified.

Characterisation of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from two commercial lettuce and spinach supply chains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muneiwa T. Ratshilingano ◽  
Erika Margarete du Plessis ◽  
Stacey Duvenage ◽  
Lise Korsten
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
E Coli

ABSTRACT Leafy green vegetables have increasingly been reported as a reservoir of multidrug-resistant pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae; with Shiga toxin- producing Escherichia coli frequently implicated in disease outbreaks worldwide.  This study aimed to determine the presence and characteristics of antibiotic resistance, diarrheagenic virulence genes and phylogenetic groupings of E. coli isolates (n=51) from commercially produced lettuce and spinach from the farm, through processing and at the point of sale.  Multidrug resistance was observed in 33 of the 51 E. coli isolates (64.7%); with 35.7% (n=10/28) being generic and 100% (n=23/23) Extended Spectrum β-lactamase/AmpC- producing.  Resistance of E. coli isolates was observed against neomycin (100%; n=51/51), ampicillin (70.6%; n=36/51), amoxycilin (68.6%; n=35/51), tetracycline (45%; n=23/51), trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole (43%; n=22/51), chloramphenicol (25.5%; n=13/51), augmentin (11.8%; n=6/51) and gentamicin (7.8%; n=4/51); with 100% (n=51/51) susceptibility to imipenem. Virulence gene eae was detected in two E. coli isolates from irrigation water sources only, while none of the other virulence genes tested for were detected.   Most of the E. coli strains belonged to phylogenetic group B2 (25.5%; n=13), B1 (19.6%; n=10) and A (17.6%; n=9); with D (5.9%; n=3) less distributed. Although diarrheagenic E. coli were not detected, antibiotic resistance in E. coli prevalent in the supply chain was evident. Additionally, a clear link between E. coli isolates from irrigation water sources and leafy green vegetables through DNA fingerprinting was established which indicates the potential transfer of E. coli from irrigation water to minimally processed leafy green vegetables.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Exposed to Microcin-Producing Escherichia coli

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 3763-3766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve A. Carlson ◽  
Timothy S. Frana ◽  
Ronald W. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistant Phenotype ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

ABSTRACT Microcin 24 is an antimicrobial peptide secreted by uropathogenicEscherichia coli. Secretion of microcin 24 provides an antibacterial defense mechanism for E. coli. In a plasmid-based system using transformed Salmonella enterica, we found that resistance to microcin 24 could be seen in concert with a multiple-antibiotic resistance phenotype. This multidrug-resistant phenotype appeared when Salmonella was exposed to an E. coli strain expressing microcin 24. Therefore, it appears that multidrug-resistant Salmonellacan arise as a result of an insult from other pathogenic bacteria.

Carbapenemases and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Retail Chicken in Peshawar: First Report from Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 1339-1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAFEEL AHMAD ◽  
FARYAL KHATTAK ◽  
AMJAD ALI ◽  
SHAISTA RAHAT ◽  
SHAZIA NOOR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Synergy Test

ABSTRACT We report the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemases in Escherichia coli isolated from retail chicken in Peshawar, Pakistan. One hundred E. coli isolates were recovered from retail chicken. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out against ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, cephalothin, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and streptomycin. Phenotypic detection of β-lactamase production was analyzed through double disc synergy test using the antibiotics amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, and aztreonam. Fifty multidrug-resistant isolates were screened for detection of sul1, aadA, cmlA, int, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaOXA-10, blaVIM, blaIMP, and blaNDM-1 genes. Resistance to ampicillin, nalidixic acid, kanamycin, streptomycin, cephalothin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, gentamicin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, cefepime, amoxicillin-clavulanate, and chloramphenicol was 92, 91, 84, 73, 70, 67, 53, 48, 40, 39, 37, 36, and 23% respectively. Prevalence of sul1, aadA, cmlA, int, blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaIMP, and blaNDM-1 was 78% (n = 39), 76% (n = 38), 20% (n = 10), 90% (n = 45), 74% (n = 37), 94% (n = 47), 22% (n = 11), and 4% (n = 2), respectively. blaSHV, blaOXA-10, and blaVIM were not detected. The coexistence of multiple antibiotic resistance genes in multidrug-resistant strains of E. coli is alarming. Hence, robust surveillance strategies should be developed with a focus on controlling the spread of antibiotic resistance genes via the food chain.

scholarly journals Multiple NDM-5-Expressing Escherichia Coli Isolates From an Immunocompromised Pediatric Host

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Flerlage ◽  
Jessica N Brazelton de Cardenas ◽  
Cherilyn D Garner ◽  
Nur A Hasan ◽  
Hiren Karathia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Anticancer Chemotherapy ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sequence Types

Abstract Background Genes conferring carbapenem resistance have disseminated worldwide among Gram-negative bacteria. Here we present longitudinal changes in clinically obtained Escherichia coli isolates from 1 immunocompromised pediatric patient. This report demonstrates potential for antibiotic resistance genes and plasmids to emerge over time in clinical isolates from patients receiving intensive anticancer chemotherapy and broad-spectrum antibiotics. Methods Thirty-three isolates obtained over 7 months from 1 patient were included. Clinical data were abstracted from the medical record. For each isolate, studies included phenotypic antibacterial resistance patterns, sequence typing, bacterial isolate sequencing, plasmid identification, and antibiotic resistance gene identification. Results Sites of isolation included blood, wound culture, and culture for surveillance purposes from the perianal area. Isolates were of 5 sequence types (STs). All were resistant to multiple classes of antibiotics; 23 (69.6%) were phenotypically resistant to all carbapenems. The blaNDM-5 gene was identified in 22 (67%) isolates, all of ST-167 and ST-940, and appeared to coincide with the presence of the IncFII and IncX3 plasmid. Conclusions We present unique microbiologic data from 33 multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates obtained over the course of 7 months from an individual patient in the United States. Two E. coli sequence types causing invasive infection in the same patient and harboring the blaNDM-5 gene, encoded on the IncX3 plasmid and the IncFII plasmid, were identified. This study highlights the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria on antibiotic therapy and the necessity of adequate neutrophil number and function in the clearance of bacteremia.

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