scholarly journals Beyond The Ethical Boundaries Of Solidarity

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-390
Author(s):  
Nili Karako-Eyal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Parental Attitudes ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Vaccination Behavior ◽  
The Social ◽  
Vaccination Decision ◽  
Mandatory Vaccination ◽  
Educational Component

Mandatory vaccination laws require children to be vaccinated against certain communicable diseases to attend school. These laws also provide exemptions to school vaccination requirements. All states exempt children from vaccination requirements for medical reasons, and most states also provide an exemption for religious and/or other personal reasons. Seven states include an educational component in their religious or philosophical exemption process, requiring that parents receive information regarding the benefits of vaccination and the risks of not being vaccinated. Of these seven states, five require that information regarding the social benefits of vaccination will be provided to parents. This type of legislation is part of an overall trend to tighten the vac- cine exemption process, which is reflected in the vaccination laws of an increasing number of states. Tightening the vaccine exemption process through the addition of administrative requirements has been proven to decrease exemption rates. But this is not the focus of this Article. Instead, the Article focuses on one aspect of the educational component of the legislation—educating parents regarding the social benefits of vaccines. The Article explores the nature of the obligation to be educated regarding the social benefits of vaccines and the potential influence of this legislation on parents’ vaccination decision making. I claim that this legislation should be conceptualized and under- stood through the concept of solidarity. Following this conclusion, I will explore the potential effects of solidarity legislation on parents’ vaccination behavior. For this purpose, two aspects of the legislation will be addressed. First, I will discuss the language included in these laws, which explicitly declare that vaccines have social benefits. I will explore the expressive functions of this language and their potential influence on parental attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. I will continue by addressing the educational process that this legislation requires. Addressing this aspect of the legislation, I will examine whether providing parents information regarding the social benefits of vaccines through educational encounters is expected to increase their motivation to vaccinate their child.

FUTURE OF A CHILD WITH AUTISM: NARRATIVE ANALYSIS OF THEIR PARENTS’ ATTITUDE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Saveikiene ◽  
Ingrida Baranauskiene
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Parental Attitudes ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Academic Knowledge ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Calculation Skills ◽  
Near Future

Results: The study involved four fathers that each are raising a child with a diagnosis of autism.Comparing the narratives of the participants in the study, the interrelated components emerged, which constitute a narrative of the parental attitude towards the child’s future.Conclusions: The spreading of autism on a global scale, affecting more and more people without any restrictions on gender, race, social layer or other human identifications, creates new theories and promotes the scientific research of the spreading of autism. Autism is an interdisciplinary challenge that requires a wide range of research.Reconstructing the narrative of parents who raise children with autism does not contradict the factors found in scientific literature, they are expanded by individual experiences. Parents’ stories revealed the interrelated components that make up the narrative of the parental attitudes towards the child’s future: near future, additional education, education, and the farther future.The narrative of the near future revealed that parental narratives are dominated by the three components of the narrative: the child’s social relationships (parents’ expectations focus on the desire for the child to interact with peers and acquire social skills), the acquisition of minimal academic knowledge (parents are deeply experiencing their child’s failures in elementary reading, writing skills, calculation skills), childhood diagnosis (most feared complications, diagnosis of weight loss).The narrative of supplementary education highlighted the limitations of access to non-formal education for children with autism. Parental stories reveal that for a child with autism disorder, the involvement of parents in the educational process and the opportunity to develop not only in school, but also in non-formal education institutions is important. The lack of specific education curricula for the development of children with autism is also highlighted in the reality of education, and professionals working in the form of non-formal, alternative education programs that are paid have a significant impact on family budgets.The narrative of education revealed that parents understand the meaning of education and want children to pursue a vocational education. The current situation is not satisfactory for parents, they expect inclination for the society to change.Further narrative of the future reflects the parents’ expectations regarding the independent lives of children, their ability to care for themselves and the ability to create their own families. It turned out that parents’ narratives about each component are accompanied by anxiety and feelings of fear, but in all stories there is also an aspect of hope. With paramount expectations parents are striving for recognition in society, the development of the educational system, the progress of medicine and diagnostics.The research revealed the social and emotional significance of the family, while actualizing the fact that the child’s disability affects the social participation of the whole family and determines the importance of complex care for the whole family. 

scholarly journals A conceptual framework for reopening our society during the Covid-19 pandemic

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 572
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Gill ◽  
Sandro Galea
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Risk Response ◽  
The Social ◽  
Probability Of Death ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Empirical Framework

Decisions about how to go about the necessary task of re-opening our society in the midst of the Covid-19 (CV19) have been paralyzed by our extremes. But we can neither afford to insist on a zero-risk response, nor can we pretend that the risk does not exist. What is needed are tools to rationally triage the risk. To this end, we propose a novel ‘risk index’, which is the intersection of two components of risk: 1) the risk of an individual becoming infected due to action ‘X’; and 2) the likely probability of death (or serious harm) if that individual develops CV19. The risk index allows risk to be compared across different scenarios, and may reveal that seemingly very different situations constitute similar degrees of risk. With risk measured in this way, one can then contrast different levels of risk against the social benefits of absorbing that risk, allowing actions to be sorted into those that are tolerable, debatable, or acceptable. While these concepts are presented in abstract based on approximate estimates of risk and influenced by our judgements about social desirability, the concept itself can be refined as more accurate approximations of risk and broadly accepted values of social desirability are derived empirically. In short, this is a tool intended to provide a useful empirical framework for rationale decision making about CV19.

Women in Power and Decision making Positions : Conditions and Restraints

1970 ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Azza Charara Baydoun
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Slow Progress

Women today are considered to be outside the political and administrative power structures and their participation in the decision-making process is non-existent. As far as their participation in the political life is concerned they are still on the margins. The existence of patriarchal society in Lebanon as well as the absence of governmental policies and procedures that aim at helping women and enhancing their political participation has made it very difficult for women to be accepted as leaders and to be granted votes in elections (UNIFEM, 2002).This above quote is taken from a report that was prepared to assess the progress made regarding the status of Lebanese women both on the social and governmental levels in light of the Beijing Platform for Action – the name given to the provisions of the Fourth Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. The above quote describes the slow progress achieved by Lebanese women in view of the ambitious goal that requires that the proportion of women occupying administrative or political positions in Lebanon should reach 30 percent of thetotal by the year 2005!

Dal bambino libero all'uomo autonomo: educare alla scelta attraverso il metodo Montessori

2020 ◽  
pp. 329-341
Author(s):  
Grazia Romanazzi
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
School Grades ◽  
The Social ◽  
Montessori Method

Freedom, autonomy and responsibility are the ends of every educational process, especially in the modern society: globalized, rapid, in transformation; society in which each one of us is called to make numerous choices. Therefore, it is urgent to educate to choose and educate to the choice, so that young people can emancipate themselves from possible conditionings. To this end, the Montessori method represents a privileged way: child is free to choose his own activity and learns "to do by himself" soon; the teacher prepares the environment and the materials that allow the student to satisfy the educational needs of each period of inner development. Then, Montessori gives importance to adolescence because it is during this period that grows the social man. Consequently, it is important to reform the secondary school in order to acquire the autonomy that each student will apply to the subsequent school grades and to all areas of life

ПРАГМАТИЧНИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ НАТИВНОЇ РЕКЛАМИ: ФОРМИ, ТРЕНДИ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ НАТИВНОГО КОНТЕНТУ В СОЦІАЛЬНІЙ МЕРЕЖІ FACEBOOK ЩОДО БРЕНДА ФАКУЛЬТЕТУ ЖУРНАЛІСТИКИ ЗНУ)

2020 ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
V. Kovpak ◽  
N. Trotsenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
The Social ◽  
National University ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

<div><p><em>The article analyzes the peculiarities of the format of native advertising in the media space, its pragmatic potential (in particular, on the example of native content in the social network Facebook by the brand of the journalism department of ZNU), highlights the types and trends of native advertising. The following research methods were used to achieve the purpose of intelligence: descriptive (content content, including various examples), comparative (content presentation options) and typological (types, trends of native advertising, in particular, cross-media as an opportunity to submit content in different formats (video, audio, photos, text, infographics, etc.)), content analysis method using Internet services (using Popsters service). And the native code for analytics was the page of the journalism department of Zaporizhzhya National University on the social network Facebook. After all, the brand of the journalism department of Zaporozhye National University in 2019 celebrates its 15th anniversary. The brand vector is its value component and professional training with balanced distribution of theoretical and practical blocks (seven practices), student-centered (democratic interaction and high-level teacher-student dialogue) and integration into Ukrainian and world educational process (participation in grant programs).</em></p></div><p><em>And advertising on social networks is also a kind of native content, which does not appear in special blocks, and is organically inscribed on one page or another and unobtrusively offers, just remembering the product as if «to the word». Popsters service functionality, which evaluates an account (or linked accounts of one person) for 35 parameters, but the main three areas: reach or influence, or how many users evaluate, comment on the recording; true reach – the number of people affected; network score – an assessment of the audience’s response to the impact, or how far the network information diverges (how many share information on this page).</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> nativeness, native advertising, branded content, special project, communication strategy.</em></p>

Color dicendi: Zwischen Rhetorik, Stil und Varietäten

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 519-526
Author(s):  
Roman Müller
Keyword(s):  
The Social ◽  
Educational Component

Summary:Linguistic color refers to a wide variety of notions: In traditional rhetoric it refers to elements of ornatus in speech, typically rhetoric figures. Secondly, emotions and acoustic qualities come into view. Quintilian was the first to add a moral and educational component. Finally, Cicero and Quintilian share the social connotation of color: They highlight the color of Rome as linguistic principle: the capital's urbanitas guides orators as well as all other inhabitants of Rome. The semantical range of color develops from rhetoric to sociolinguistics.

Segments Influencing Individual Investors Behavior And Their Investment Decision

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (9) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
Dr. Kartikey Koti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Stock Markets ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Individual Investors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Social ◽  
Karnataka State ◽  
Essential Idea

The essential idea of this assessment is investigate the social factors affecting particular theorists' decisions making limit at Indian Stock Markets. In the examination coordinated standard of direct is Classified subject to two estimations the first is Heuristic (Decision making) and the resulting one is prospect.. For the assessment coordinated the data used is basic natured which is assembled through a sorted out survey from 100 individual money related authorities based out in Hubli and Dharwad city, Karnataka State in India on an accommodating way. The respondents were both sex and overwhelming part male were 68% . These theorists were having a spot with the age bundle between35-45 which is 38%. These respondents have completed their graduation were around 56%. These respondents had work inclusion of 5 to 10 years which is 45% and the majority of which were used in government portion which is 56%. Their compensation was between 4 to 6 Lakh and were fit for placing assets into business areas. The money related experts were widely masterminded placing assets into different portfolios like 32% in Share market and 20 % in Fixed store. These examiners mode to known various endeavor streets were through News, family and allies.  

Scham und Autonomie

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-192
Author(s):  
Sonja Rinofner-Kreidl
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Intentional Content ◽  
Conceptual Clarification ◽  
The Social ◽  
Conventional Behavior ◽  
And Control

Autonomy is associated with intellectual self-preservation and self-determination. Shame, on the contrary, bears a loss of approval, self-esteem and control. Being afflicted with shame, we suffer from social dependencies that by no means have been freely chosen. Moreover, undergoing various experiences of shame, our power of reflection turns out to be severly limited owing to emotional embarrassment. In both ways, shame seems to be bound to heteronomy. This situation strongly calls for conceptual clarification. For this purpose, we introduce a threestage model of self-determination which comprises i) autonomy as capability of decision-making relating to given sets of choices, ii) self-commitment in terms of setting and harmonizing goals, and iii) self-realization in compliance with some range of persistently approved goals. Accordingly, the presuppositions and distinctive marks of shame-experiences are made explicit. Within this framework, we explore the intricate relation between autonomy and shame by focusing on two questions: on what conditions could conventional behavior be considered as self-determined? How should one characterize the varying roles of actors that are involved in typical cases of shame-experiences? In this connection, we advance the thesis that the social dynamics of shame turns into ambiguous positions relating to motivation, intentional content,and actors’ roles.

The Paradox of Poverty: Socio-Economic Aspects of Population Growth.— By T. Scarlett Epstein and Darrell Jackson. The Macmillan of India Limited Delhi, 1975. pp.127.

1978 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-382
Author(s):  
M. Javed Akbar Zaki
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Fertility Decision ◽  
The Social

To many social theoreticians, the population explosion, particularly in the developing nations presents a crippling threat to their developmental pro¬cesses. Their argument's validity rests mainly on the assumption that expected economic progress is swallowed up by unbalanced rise of numbers in the population. The book being reviewed deals mainly with this subject matter and is divided into two parts, each containing three articles contributed by various researchers. Part one, 'The Social context of Fertility Decision' is focused on analyzing the role of factors affecting fertility at the micro-level decision making process. The first article 'Fertility decision in rural India' by Vinod Jainath, examines the applicability to rural India of various models of the process of fertility decision making and finds most of these wanting with respect to the Indian social situation. While analyzing the fertility patterns of Rural India, he points out the positive need for larger families among the poor small farmers mainly due to labour supply considerations. The author argues that unemployment and under¬employment actually motivate the poor to have more children as it better ensures their economic security in their old age. As the chances of gaining employ¬ment for their offspring diminish, they are induced to increase the total number of children in order that atleast one will be able to support them. Thus a vicious circle of poverty arises in large families because of each of the parents wanting to increase their children's chances of employment by ultimately reducing the overall employment opportunities even further and exacerbating their poverty.

Minimizing Bias in Forensic Handwriting Examinations

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Alewijnse ◽  
E.J.A.T. Mattijssen ◽  
R.D. Stoel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Management ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Context Information ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Potential Bias ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Management Procedures

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the increasing awareness about the potential bias on the interpretation and conclusions of forensic handwriting examiners (FHEs) by contextual information. We briefly provide the reader with an overview of relevant types of bias, the difficulties associated with studying bias, the sources of bias and their potential influence on the decision making process in casework, and solutions to minimize bias in casework. We propose that the limitations of published studies on bias need to be recognized and that their conclusions must be interpreted with care. Instead of discussing whether bias is an issue in casework, the forensic handwriting community should actually focus on how bias can be minimized in practice. As some authors have already shown (e.g., Found & Ganas, 2014), it is relatively easy to implement context information management procedures in practice. By introducing appropriate procedures to minimize bias, not only forensic handwriting examination will be improved, it will also increase the acceptability of the provided evidence during court hearings. Purchase Article - $10

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