scholarly journals Life History Responses of Two Daphnia Species of Different Sizes against a Fish Kairomone.

1995 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki HANAZATO
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Daphnia Species ◽  
Fish Kairomone

scholarly journals Predator-induced life-history changes and the coexistence of five taxa in a Daphnia species complex

Oikos ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piet Spaak ◽  
Joost Vanoverbeke ◽  
Maarten Boersma
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Daphnia Species

Predator-induced allometric changes in the tail spine length of Daphnia: a distinct resource allocation strategy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Gu ◽  
Yang Xu ◽  
Tingting Yang ◽  
Shanshan Qin ◽  
Lu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Resource Allocations ◽  
Daphnia Species ◽  
Defensive Responses ◽  
Fish Kairomone ◽  
Resource Allocation Strategy ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Allocation Strategies

Abstract Understanding resource allocation strategies underlying inducible defense is a challenging scientific issue, because of the difficulty in measuring resource allocations of defensive traits. We examined allometric changes to evaluate resource allocation strategies on the tail spine of Daphnia within and between species and further explore the allometric changes at different developmental stages and their relationship with growth and reproduction. We found that four Daphnia species (Daphnia magna, Daphnia sinensis, Daphnia galeata and Daphnia mitsukuri) can perform significant inducible defensive responses when exposed to fish kairomone. Different from the other Daphnia species, D. mitsukuri significantly enhanced the allometric slope of its tail spine when exposed to fish kairomone. We also found that allometric changes among different D. mitsukuri clones are significant in adult individuals. Furthermore, the allometric changes show a significant negative interaction with individual growth, indicating that a trade-off may exist between the resource allocations of tail spine elongation and growth. This study highlights the species-specific allometric changes in tail spine elongation and provides an explanation for this from resource allocations.

scholarly journals Anti-predation Defense Traits of Daphnia are Associated With the Gut Microbiota Composition Shaped by Fish Kairomone

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Liu ◽  
Siddiq Akbar ◽  
Zihao Ding ◽  
Qiming Zhou ◽  
Lei Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Induced Defense ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Fish Kairomone ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background: Gut microbiota plays an important role in host physiology and fitness. The gut microbiota can promote host health by influencing life history traits, especially in arthropods. However, it is not clear whether the performance of host defense traits in response to predator pressure in natural food webs is related to their gut microbiota composition. In this study, we used Daphnia magna as a model organism to investigate the relationship of D. magna life history traits and gut microbiota alterations under predator kairomone based on 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing.Result: We showed that the microbiota composition of D. magna was significantly affected by their predator risk and development stage. The relative abundance of Comamonadaceae (mainly Limnohabitans sp.) significantly decreased in the presence of predator kairomone. Furthermore, the presence of predator kairomone significantly reduced the α diversity of gut microbiota in D. magna with the increase of instar. Among them, the OTUs belonged to Epsilonbacteraeota and Firmicutes in the presence of predator kairomone were significantly higher than those in the control group. The results of functional predictions showed that predation pressure promote the metabolic function of gut microbiota, such as metabolism of energy, cofactors, and vitamins. By analyzing the correlation between the induced defense traits of D. magna and the relative abundance of bacteria, we found that the increased abundance of Comamonadaceae, Moraxellaceae, and Flavobacteriaceae were linearly correlated with the partial defense traits of D. magna. Specifically speaking, body size was positively correlated with an increased abundance of Comamonadaceae, whereas spine length was negatively correlated with an increased abundance of Comamonadaceae but was positively correlated with increased Flavobacteriaceae abundance. Conclusions: Our results suggested that predation risk can affect the composition of the gut microbiota in D. magna, which may indirectly induce the production of defensive traits in D. magna. The results of this study revealed an important role of gut microbiota in the development of defensive traits of Daphnia in response to fish predators. The correlation between microbial abundance and defense traits is of great significance for further understanding the effect of host-microbiota interaction on individual anti-predation defense.

Interrelationships of factors of social development are more complex than Life History Theory predicts

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Kotchoubey
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Behavioral Features

Abstract Life History Theory (LHT) predicts a monotonous relationship between affluence and the rate of innovations and strong correlations within a cluster of behavioral features. Although both predictions can be true in specific cases, they are incorrect in general. Therefore, the author's explanations may be right, but they do not prove LHT and cannot be generalized to other apparently similar processes.

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