scholarly journals CUTANEOUS NOCICEPTIVE TEST IN HORSES BY ALTERNATIVE METHOD

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
José Edgard De Oliveira Alves ◽  
Evelyn Mayara Perrut Vieira ◽  
Máyra Dias Silveira ◽  
Adiel Queiroz Ricci ◽  
Fábio Sartori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Pain ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Light Bulb ◽  
Nociceptive Threshold ◽  
Multiple Comparison Test ◽  
Nociceptive Stimulus ◽  
Post Test

Pain is a complex phenomenon defined as an aversive sensory or emotional experience, where there is awareness of tissue damage or tissue integrity threat, with physiological and behavioral changes that aim to reduce or avoid occurrence of such damage. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an alternative low cost assessment method of the cutaneous nociceptive threshold in horses. The device used to assess the nociceptive threshold was constructed using an infrared 250W, 220V light bulb equipped with a mechanism to standardize the distance between the light bulb and the cutaneous surface of the animals. Six adult horses, males and females, were submitted to three evaluations. The results were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s Multiple Comparison Test as post-test. No differences were observed among the evaluations (p>0,05), indicating that this method fulfills the aim to emit a standard nociceptive stimulus able to trigger a regular and qualitatively similar response between the tested subjects. We concluded that the studied equipment can be constructed at an accessible cost and it has potential to be applied in models of experimental pain, although some improvements are needed.

scholarly journals A new lightweight method for security risk assessment based on fuzzy cognitive maps

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Szwed ◽  
Paweł Skrzyński
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cognitive Maps ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Fuzzy Cognitive Maps ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Security Risk Assessment

Abstract For contemporary software systems, security is considered to be a key quality factor and the analysis of IT security risk becomes an indispensable stage during software deployment. However, performing risk assessment according to methodologies and standards issued for the public sector or large institutions can be too costly and time consuming. Current business practice tends to circumvent risk assessment by defining sets of standard safeguards and applying them to all developed systems. This leads to a substantial gap: threats are not re-evaluated for particular systems and the selection of security functions is not based on risk models. This paper discusses a new lightweight risk assessment method aimed at filling this gap. In this proposal, Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) are used to capture dependencies between assets, and FCM-based reasoning is performed to calculate risks. An application of the method is studied using an example of an e-health system providing remote telemonitoring, data storage and teleconsultation services. Lessons learned indicate that the proposed method is an efficient and low-cost approach, giving instantaneous feedback and enabling reasoning on the effectiveness of the security system.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF LOW COST MATERIALS ON DIVERSE ACHIEVERS IN THE TEACHING OF PHYSICS AT SECONDARY LEVEL

sjesr ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
Saifullah Khan ◽  
Rehmat Ali Farooq ◽  
Nilsa Fleury
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Achievement Level ◽  
Successful Result ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Teaching Aids ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Training Institutions ◽  
Teachers Training

Abstract The equipment’s of science teaching in the most of secondary school is not available in Pakistan. The main purpose of this research is to find the effectiveness of low cost materials on diverse achievers in the physics instructing at secondary level. The nature of the study was experimental. The most suitable design for this experiment was Pre-test, post-test equivalent group design. A sample of 40 pupils was carefully chosen from Government High School No.2 Nowshera Cantt. The experiment continued for six weeks. Independent sample t-test was used for the analysis of data. The group which has been instructed with low cost teaching aids showed successful result scores in the posttest and their achievement level further gets improved. It has been suggested that teachers training institutions ought to build up such a training programs, which would enhance the capacities of teachers in the selection and in the development of apparatuses, using low cost materials for practical work

Recombinant Human FVIIa Reduces Heparin and Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH)-Induced Bleeding in Rats.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 2149-2149
Author(s):  
Brian Lauritzen ◽  
Mikael Tranholm ◽  
Peter B. Johansen ◽  
Mirella Ezban
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Thrombin Inhibitors ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract Recombinant human FVIIa (rFVIIa, NovoSeven, Novo Nordisk A/S) is approved for treatment of bleeding in hemophilia patients with inhibitors. Recent data indicate that rFVIIa is useful in other bleeding conditions. Heparin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are widely used for anticoagulant management of venous thromboembolic events. Both agents can however cause uncontrollable bleeding. While protamine can reverse the anticoagulant effect of heparin no effective antidote for LMWH is currently available. We have tested if rFVIIa was capable of reducing the bleeding caused by either heparin or LMWH in a rat tail bleeding model. We pre-treated rats with a single dose of either heparin (Heparin, Leo; 200 IU/kg; i.v.) or LMWH (tinzaparin; Innohep, Leo; 500 IU/kg; i.v.), which significantly prolonged total bleeding time following tail transection (table 1). Similarly, blood loss increased significantly by pre-treatment with heparin and tinzaparin (table 2). rFVIIa, intravenously injected 5 minutes after induction of tail bleeding in doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg (n=8), dose-dependently reduced bleeding time of the heparin-induced bleeding, reaching statistical significance at 20 mg/kg (table 1). In accordance, blood loss decreased significantly by treatment with 10 and 20 mg/kg rFVIIa (table 2). A similar response was seen in the tinzaparin pre-treated animals with a dose-dependent decrease in bleeding time (table 1), and a significant decrease in blood loss at 10 and 20 mg/kg rFVIIa (table 2). Table 1. Total bleeding time (s) Group Heparin 200 IU/kg (n=8)# Tinzaparin 500 IU/kg (n=9)# Data are analyzed using Mann-Whitneys U-test (A-B) or Kruskall-Wallis test with Dunn’s post-test (B-E). Asterisks indicate statistical significance at: *: p<0.05; **: p<0.01 and ***: p<0.001. #observation period 1800 s. A: No anticoagulant 293 ± 68 542 ± 180 B: Anticoag.+Vehicle 1668 ± 83 ***vs. A 1800 ± 0 ***vs. A C: Anticoag.+5 mg/kg rFVIIa 1194 ± 182 1732 ± 45 D: Anticoag.+10 mg/kg rFVIIa 1023 ± 230 1483 ± 152 E: Anticoag.+20 mg/kg rFVIIa 448 ± 66 **vs. B 1038 ± 206 *vs. B Table 2. Blood loss (nmol hemoglobin/ml) Group Heparin 200 IU/kg (n=8)# Tinzaparin 500 IU/kg (n=9)# Data are mean ± SEM. Data are analyzed after log transformation using Student’s t-test (A-B) or one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post-test (B-E). Asterisks indicate statistical significance at: *: p<0.05; **: p<0.01 and ***: p<0.001. #observation period 1800 s. A: No anticoagulant 4.2 ± 4.0 4.9 ± 4.9 B: Anticoag.+Vehicle 53 ± 19 **vs. A 151 ± 37 ***vs. A C: Anticoag.+5 mg/kg rFVIIa 10.6 ± 5.6 32.3 ± 10.3 D: Anticoag.+10 mg/kg rFVIIa 0.73 ± 0.34 **vs. B 7.7 ± 2.8 ***vs. B E: Anticoag.+20 mg/kg rFVIIa 4.0 ± 1.9 *vs. B 22.6 ± 9.4 *vs. B This study illustrates the pharmacological effect of rFVIIa in the presence of heparin and LMWH and the results indicate that rFVIIa may be an effective way to treat heparin and LMWH induced bleeding, however the dose requirements are specific for the rat and cannot be extrapolated to other species. Future studies will investigate the hemostatic effect of rFVIIa in bleedings induced by coumarin analogues, thrombin inhibitors, factor Xa inhibitors, and platelet inhibitors.

Low cost condition assessment method for existing RC bridges

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 56-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavio Stochino ◽  
Maria Luisa Fadda ◽  
Fausto Mistretta
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Condition Assessment ◽  
Assessment Method

Further Evidence That Repeated Checking Leads to Reduced Memory Confidence, Vividness and Detail: New Evidence That Repeated Object Exposure Also Results in Memory Distrust

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith Medway ◽  
Mairwen K. Jones
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Control Stimulus ◽  
Light Bulb ◽  
Memory Accuracy ◽  
Equal Degree ◽  
Object Use ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Memory Confidence

Researchers have suggested that distrust in one's memory is both a cause and a consequence of repeated checking. We investigated whether reduced clarity and confidence occurs to an equal degree with repeated object use and repeated checking. In addition, whether decreased memory confidence persists after a delay in checking or use was examined. Participants (N = 113) either repeatedly checked or repeatedly used a virtual stove or a light bulb stimulus (the control stimulus). Significant declines in memory accuracy, confidence, vividness and detail were observed for the experimental compared to the control stimulus. No significant differences in these effects between the checking and exposure conditions were found. A significant increase in state anxiety across pre-, mid- and post-test was found for both conditions. These findings provide further support for the notion that repeated checking can be self-perpetuating due to its impact on memory processes. The findings also suggest that checking is not necessary for these effects to occur as repeated use without checking also results in significant declines in memory accuracy, confidence, vividness and detail. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Non-pharmacological pain management practice and barriers among nurses working in Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253086
Author(s):  
Shegaw Zeleke ◽  
Amare Kassaw ◽  
Yeshambaw Eshetie
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Debre Tabor ◽  
Insufficient Number

Background Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with or resembling that actual or potential tissue damage. Different study findings show that about 55% to 78.6% of inpatients experience moderate-to-severe pain. Nurses are one of the health professional who may hear of pain suffered by the patients and who can manage patient suffering by themselves. Therefore, their correct skill is very important in non- pharmacology and pharmacology pain management methods. Objective To assess non-pharmacological pain management practice and barriers among nurses working in Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Methods Data were collected using structured observational check list with interviewer administered questionnaires that measure nurses’ practice on non-pharmacological pain management. Data were entered using Epi Data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS (Stastical Package for Social Sciences) version 23. Bivariable and multivariable analysis were conducted to examine the association between independent and outcome variables. Results A total of 169 nurses participated in the study, with a response rate of 100%. Among the study participants 94 (55.6%) were females, and the mean age of nurses were 34.9(SD = 5.7) years. Only 44(26%) of nurses had good practice on non- pharmacology pain management methods. About 130(77.55%), 125(74.0%), and 123(72.8%) of nurses reported that inadequate cooperation of physicians, multiple responsibilities of nurses and insufficient number of nurses per patient ratio as barriers for practice of non -pharmacology pain management respectively. Conclusion Majority of nurses didn’t apply non-pharmacological pain management practices for their patients in pain and the overall practice level of nurses was very poor. The major identified obstacle factors for the poor practice of non–pharmacological pain management methods were nurses’ fatigue, inadequate cooperation of physicians, heavy workload, multiple responsibilities of nurses, and insufficient number of nurses per patient ratio and unfavorable attitude of nurse on non-pharmacology pain management. Even if nurses experiences different challenges, they shall use non‐pharmacological pain management methods complementary to pharmacological treatment of pain as they are low cost and safe. And also boosting nurse’s attitude towards the effect of non–pharmacological pain management methods is crucial.

scholarly journals Cognitive stimulation in the elderly using low-cost games

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Eduarda Dodde Nassar ◽  
Everton de Souza Ramos ◽  
Maria Luiza Botacini Peixoto ◽  
Lilian Pimenta Facin de Campos ◽  
Carolina Magalhães dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Post Test

With the COVID-19 pandemic, we were confined to the home environment as a measure to prevent the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this context, the elderly, being from the risk group, went up to their homes and were often forced to abandon their daily activities, which are great allies in maintaining their autonomy and independence. However, social and physical isolation, especially among the elderly, is a serious public health concern and can lead to increased risk of cardiovascular, neurocognitive and mental health problems. In this context, the present study aims to promote the use of teleworkshops with the elderly, during the isolation imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to investigate theimpacts generated by this tool in the routine of the elderly. A field study with a qualitative approach will be developed with 20 elderly people, both genders, who are fulfilling social isolation. Initially, online training will be conducted through videos recorded by researchers on how to participate in teleworkshops. These, in turn, will take place twice a week, for one months, always with the guidance of a researcher. Before the teleworkshops, there will be pre-test questionnaires and, after the post-test questionnaires, together with a geriatric depression scale containing 15 questions to assess the participants' cognitive development. Pre-test and post-test questionnaires will be prepared on the GoogleForms platform, with questions related to sociodemographic characteristics and teleworkshops, and will be made available online via WhatsApp. The data will be through SPSS software. Cognitive stimulation activities with characteristics of games and playfulness are objectives that have been used with the intention of seeking to maintain the elderly's abilities, in their cognitive health and socialization as factors that guarantee their quality of life. Thus, the present study aims to contribute to the promotion of the maintenance of mental and cognitive health of the elderly, which was granted due to a COVID-19 pandemic in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes / RJ.

Single-institution analysis of ablations versus partial nephrectomies for small renal masses.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e17074-e17074
Author(s):  
Fionna Sun ◽  
Zachary Dreyer ◽  
Pranav Moudgil ◽  
Diane Studzinksi ◽  
Stephen Vartanian
Keyword(s):  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Beaumont Hospital ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Hospital Charge ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Renal Masses ◽  
Index Procedure ◽  
Total Hospital Charge ◽  
Multiple Comparison Test ◽  
Post Test

e17074 Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has the highest mortality rate of the genitourinary cancers with detection rising annually for small ( < 4cm) renal masses (SRM). Nephron-sparing partial nephrectomy (PN) is recommended over other approaches such as ablations (Abl). This study aims to evaluate the outcomes and costs associated with treating patients with SRM RCC that undergo PN, laparoscopic cryoablation (lcryo), or various percutaneous ablations-cryoablation (pcryo), microwave (pmv), and radiofrequency (prf). Methods: A retrospective chart review of 295 patients that had either a PN or Abl from 2010-2019 at Beaumont Hospital- Royal Oak was performed. 189 patients with SRM were analyzed. Data collected included demographics, comorbidities, pathology, 30-day ED readmission, recurrence rate, and hospital-billed costs and charges. Data was analyzed using Mann-Whitney, chi-square, unpaired t-tests, Kruskal Wallis post-test, and Dunn’s multiple comparison test. Results: 133 patients with an index Abl (6 lcryo, 73 pcryo, 44 pmv, and 10 prf) and 56 patients with an index PN were analyzed. Mean tumor size for Abl (2.34cm; 90% biopsy-confirmed RCC) and PN (2.48cm; 87% histology confirmed RCC) was comparable. The populations undergoing PN or Abl were similar for both demographics and comorbidities except for age at index procedure (PN 58, Abl 71, p < 0.01). Length of stay (LOS) following index procedure differed with an avg PN LOS = 2.74 days and Abl LOS 0.52 (p < 0.01). 55% of PN patients presented to the ED within 30 days (38% readmitted) whereas only 8% of Abl patients did (42% readmitted)(p < 0.01). The recurrence rate for PN compared to Abl was 23% to 14%, respectively (p = 0.14), with an average follow-up time of 4.95 years for PN and 2.78 years for Abl (p < 0.01). Total hospital charge analysis showed PN being 1.57 the charge of all Abl types (p < 0.01) while cost analysis demonstrated PN being more costly than Abl as a whole by 2.79x (p < 0.01). When evaluating ablation subtypes, trends were noted lcryo being comparable to PN in both charge and cost while percutaneous interventions pmv, pcryo, and prf displayed lower charge and cost when compared to both PN and lcryo. Conclusions: With treatment decisions for SRM RCC are multifactorial, this single-site study demonstrated similar populations with comparable pathologies undergo both PN and Abl procedures. Complication and readmission rates differ between PN and Abl and consideration should be made for these variables as well as the costs associated with each procedure type when managing SRM RCC.

A Novel Simulation Model for Resident Education in Mechanical Cervical Ripening

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis C. Gimovsky ◽  
Amelie Pham ◽  
Martin Gimovsky ◽  
Abigail Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Balloon Catheter ◽  
Catheter Placement ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Cervical Ripening ◽  
Post Test

Introduction This study aims to evaluate resident satisfaction with a novel simulation model for learning transcervical balloon catheter placement for mechanical cervical ripening. Study Design A descriptive pretest and post-test survey study of Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBGYN) residents was conducted at a single academic medical center using a low-cost model. Results Of 28 residents, 14 (50%) were recruited. 100% of participants completed the pretest and post-test survey. Residents agreed that both learning and achieving correct placement of a transcervical balloon catheter are difficult. Pretest and post-test comparisons were statistically different with respect to comfort (2.8 ± 1.5 vs. 4.0 ± 1.0, p = 0.03) and ease of learning (3.1 ± 0.8 vs. 4.1 ± 0.6, p ≤ 0.001). Discussion We present a novel simulation model that can be used by OBGYN residents in training for learning transcervical balloon catheter placement for mechanical cervical ripening. Key Points

Fibre alignment and mechanical performance of carbon fibre Sheet Moulding Compounds under different preform compaction

2022 ◽  
pp. 073168442110666
Author(s):  
Biruk F Nega ◽  
Robert S Pierce ◽  
Linlin Liu ◽  
Xiaosu Yi ◽  
Xiaoling Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Compaction Pressure ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Fibre Alignment ◽  
Flow Alignment

This work investigates the effect of preform compaction on the mechanical performance and flow-induced fibre alignment of carbon fibre reinforced Sheet Moulding Compounds (SMCs). Two groups of panels have been compression moulded from reclaimed carbon fibre tows in vinyl-ester resin with low (0.5 MPa) and high (10 MPa) preform compaction pressure Additionally, a low-cost fibre orientation analysis method has been further improved in terms of reliability, and a novel flow assessment method has been developed for carbon fibre SMCs. This approach revealed greater fibre alignment with the flow direction in the lower faces of panels as a result of greater contact time with the heated mould and a lower charge viscosity at the time of pressing. As expected, greater fibre alignment in the flow direction was observed outside the initial charge coverage area in both types of panels, where the flow was greatest. Due to additional fibre flow during the high-pressure compaction stage, the mean degree of flow alignment in the high compaction panel was 47% higher than that of the low compaction panel. Improvements in the tensile stiffness (8%) and strength (32%) were also observed as a result of the high-pressure compaction stage and associated flow alignment.

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