Effects of Yiqi Huayu Decoction on brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in rats with lumbar nerve root injury

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Shu
Keyword(s):  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Nerve Root ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Nerve Root Injury ◽  
Root Injury ◽  
Lumbar Nerve Root ◽  
Factor Expression

Lumbar Nerve Root Injury Induces Central Nervous System Neuroimmune Activation and Neuroinflammation in the Rat

Spine ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (15) ◽  
pp. 1604-1613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria D. Rutkowski ◽  
Beth A. Winkelstein ◽  
William F. Hickey ◽  
Janice L. Pahl ◽  
Joyce A. DeLeo
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nerve Root ◽  
Nerve Root Injury ◽  
Root Injury ◽  
Lumbar Nerve Root ◽  
Neuroimmune Activation

PATHOANATOMIC BASIS FOR STRETCH-INDUCED LUMBAR NERVE ROOT INJURY WITH A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Neurosurgery ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameer A. Kitab ◽  
Vincent J. Miele ◽  
William F. Lavelle ◽  
Edward C. Benzel
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Deformity ◽  
Nerve Root ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Nerve Root Injury ◽  
Functional Spinal Unit ◽  
Root Injury ◽  
Lumbar Nerve Root ◽  
The Face ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Abstract OBJECTIVE Persistent pain originating from a dysfunctional lumbar motion segment poses significant challenges in the clinical arena. Although the predominance of the existing spine literature has addressed nerve root compression as the principal cause of pain, it is equally likely that a stretch mechanism may be responsible for all or part of the pathology. METHODS The literature supporting the role of stretch damage as a primary cause of nerve root injury and pain was systematically reviewed. Pathoanatomic considerations between nerve roots and juxtaposed environment are described and correlated with the available literature. Potential anatomic relationships that may lead to stretch-induced injury are delineated. RESULTS A dynamic lumbar functional spinal unit that encloses a tethered nerve root can create significant stretch and/or compression. This phenomenon may be present in a variety of pathological conditions. These include anterior, posterior, and rotatory olisthesis as well as degenerative conditions such as the loss of disc interspace height and frank multisegment spinal deformity. Although numerous studies have demonstrated that stretch can result in nerve damage, the pathophysiology that may associate nerve stretch with chronic pain has yet to be determined. CONCLUSION The current literature concerning stretch-related injury to nerve roots is reviewed, and a conceptual framework for its diagnosis and treatment is proposed and graphically illustrated using cadaveric specimens. The dynamic biomechanical and functional interrelationships between neural structures and adjacent connective tissue elements are particularly important in the face of spinal deformity.

Rating Spinal Nerve Extremity Impairment Using the Sixth Edition

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Root ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Nerve Injuries ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Federal Employee ◽  
Nerve Root Injury ◽  
Root Injury ◽  
Rating Process

Abstract The AMAGuides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, does not provide a separate mechanism for rating spinal nerve injuries as extremity impairment; radiculopathy was reflected in the spinal rating process in Chapter 17, The Spine and Pelvis. Certain jurisdictions, such as the Federal Employee Compensation Act (FECA), rate nerve root injury as impairment involving the extremities rather than as part of the spine. This article presents an approach to rate spinal nerve impairments consistent with the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, methodology. This approach should be used only when a jurisdiction requires ratings for extremities and precludes rating for the spine. A table in this article compares sensory and motor deficits according to the AMA Guides, Sixth and Fifth Editions; evaluators should be aware of changes between editions in methodology used to assign the final impairment. The authors present two tables regarding spinal nerve impairment: one for the upper extremities and one for the lower extremities. Both tables were developed using the methodology defined in the sixth edition. Using these tables and the process defined in the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, evaluators can rate spinal nerve impairments for jurisdictions that do not permit rating for the spine and require rating for radiculopathy as an extremity impairment.

Cervical Ganglia and Nerve Root Injury: Evidence for Respiratory Arrest as Initiating Injury in Pediatric Head Trauma

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-519
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Sens ◽  
Sarah E. Meyers ◽  
Mark A. Koponen ◽  
Arne H. Graff ◽  
Ryan D. Reynolds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Trauma ◽  
Nerve Root ◽  
Respiratory Arrest ◽  
Nerve Root Injury ◽  
Root Injury ◽  
Pediatric Head Trauma ◽  
Cervical Ganglia

scholarly journals Triple Conjoined Nerve Root—An Unreported Anatomical Variant and Its Surgical Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
pp. 215-218
Author(s):  
Kelly Gassie ◽  
Krishnan Ravindran ◽  
Gazanfar Rahmathulla ◽  
H. Gordon Deen
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Root ◽  
Root Anatomy ◽  
Neurological Injury ◽  
Herniated Disc ◽  
Anatomical Variant ◽  
Nerve Root Injury ◽  
Root Injury ◽  
Conjoined Nerve Roots ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Conjoined Nerve Root

AbstractConjoined nerve roots are an infrequent and uncommon finding, rarely noted preoperatively. The conjoined root anomaly has potential for significant neurological injury during surgery. Preoperative recognition may avert disastrous nerve root injury but requires a high degree of clinical suspicion. We present the case of a 44-year-old patient with left L5/S1 radiculopathy caused by a herniated disc. During surgery we identified a triple conjoined nerve root anatomy. This anatomical variant, to our knowledge, has not been reported in literature. We describe the anatomical findings and surgical implications.

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