Effects of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction given by different administration methods on rats with frostbite and the mechanism

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
YY Li
Keyword(s):  
Administration Methods

scholarly journals Intravitreal brimonidine inhibits form-deprivation myopia in guinea pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifang Yang ◽  
Junshu Wu ◽  
Defu Wu ◽  
Qi Wei ◽  
Tan Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Intravitreal Injection ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Intravitreal Injections ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Myopia Progression ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Guinea Pig Model ◽  
Administration Methods

Abstract Background The use of ocular hypotensive drugs has been reported to attenuate myopia progression. This study explores whether brimonidine can slow myopia progression in the guinea pig form-deprivation (FD) model. Methods Three-week-old pigmented male guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) underwent monocular FD and were treated with 3 different methods of brimonidine administration (eye drops, subconjunctival or intravitreal injections). Four different concentrations of brimonidine were tested for intravitreal injection (2 μg/μL, 4 μg/μL, 20 μg/μL, 40 μg/μL). All treatments continued for a period of 21 days. Tonometry, retinoscopy, and A-scan ultrasonography were used to monitor intraocular pressure (IOP), refractive error and axial length (AL), respectively. On day 21, guinea pigs were sacrificed for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to screen for associated transcriptomic changes. Results The myopia model was successfully established in FD animals (control eye vs. FD eye, respectively: refraction at day 20, 0.97 ± 0.18 D vs. − 0.13 ± 0.38 D, F = 6.921, P = 0.02; AL difference between day 0 and day 21, 0.29 ± 0.04 mm vs. 0.45 ± 0.03 mm, F = 11.655, P = 0.004). Among the 3 different brimonidine administration methods, intravitreal injection was the most effective in slowing myopia progression, and 4 μg/μL was the most effective among the four different concentrations of brimonidine intravitreal injection tested. The AL and the refraction of the brimonidine intravitreal injection group was significantly shorter or more hyperopic than those of other 2 groups. Four μg/μL produced the smallest difference in AL and spherical equivalent difference values. FD treatment significantly increased the IOP. IOP was significantly lower at 1 day after intravitreal injections which was the lowest in FD eye of intravitreal injection of brimonidine. At day 21, gene expression analyses using RNA-seq showed upregulation of Col1a1 and Mmp2 expression levels by intravitreal brimonidine. Conclusions Among the 3 different administration methods, intravitreal injection of brimonidine was the most effective in slowing myopia progression in the FD guinea pig model. Intravitreal brimonidine at 4 μg/μL significantly reduced the development of FD myopia in guinea pigs. Expression levels of the Col1a1 and Mmp2 genes were significantly increased in the retinal tissues of the FD-Inj-Br group.

scholarly journals Aconitine Neurotoxicity According to Administration Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2149
Author(s):  
Ji Yeon Chung ◽  
Seung Jae Lee ◽  
Hyuck Jin Lee ◽  
Jeong Bin Bong ◽  
Chan-Hyuk Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Pain Control ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Administration Method ◽  
Accompanying Symptoms ◽  
Administration Methods ◽  
Human Nervous System

We evaluated the toxic effects of aconitine on the human nervous system and its associated factors, and the general clinical characteristics of patients who visited the emergency room due to aconitine intoxication between 2008 and 2017. We also analyzed the differences related to aconitine processing and administration methods (oral pill, boiled in water, and alcohol-soaked), and the clinical characteristics of consciousness deterioration and neurological symptoms. Of the 41 patients who visited the hospital due to aconitine intoxication, 23 (56.1%) were female, and most were older. Aconitine was mainly used for pain control (28 patients, 68.3%) and taken as oral pills (19 patients, 46%). The patients showed a single symptom or a combination of symptoms; neurological symptoms were the most common (21 patients). All patients who took aconitine after processing with alcohol showed neurological symptoms and a higher prevalence of consciousness deterioration. Neurological symptoms occurred most frequently in patients with aconitine intoxication. Although aconitine intoxication presents with various symptoms, its prognosis may vary with the processing method and prevalence of consciousness deterioration during the early stages. Therefore, the administration method and accompanying symptoms should be comprehensively investigated in patients who have taken aconitine to facilitate prompt and effective treatment and better prognoses.

scholarly journals Anaesthesia of laboratory, aquaculture and ornamental fish: Proceedings of the first LASA-FVS Symposium

2021 ◽  
pp. 002367722199840
Author(s):  
Paul Schroeder ◽  
Richard Lloyd ◽  
Robin McKimm ◽  
Matthijs Metselaar ◽  
Jorge Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Ornamental Fish ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Annual Fish ◽  
Physical Methods ◽  
Aquarium Fish ◽  
Research Facilities ◽  
Administration Methods ◽  
Science Association

Following on from the Annual Fish Veterinary Society Conference, this symposium was organised with the Laboratory Animal Science Association and brought together experts from ornamental (pond and aquarium) fish practice, aquaculture and aquatic-research facilities to discuss good practice of anaesthesia. This proceedings paper gives an overview of relevant experiences involving a range of immersion drugs including tricaine, benzocaine and isoeugenol, as well as a summary of the main topics of discussion. While fish anaesthesia is commonplace, administration methods, drugs and monitoring procedures may often be regarded as antiquated when compared with mammalian practice. These limitations notwithstanding, individual fish will benefit from good anaesthetic monitoring. Although the most common anaesthetic drugs may be perceived as equally efficacious and therefore interchangeable for different settings, challenges are different for the anaesthesia of grouped fish, when determining species-dependent anaesthetic dosing in a multi-species tank, or adapting to farming requirements, nationally licensed products, costs and withdrawal periods. The fish anaesthetic arsenal fails to address premedication, analgesia and issues of averseness. The two latter factors should be part of the evaluation of anaesthetic protocols; therefore, instructions for the analgesic provision of lidocaine to fin clipped zebrafish are proposed. Euthanasia practices could sometimes be refined too. Alternative physical methods such as electrical stunning are options to be considered.

Parenteral Histamine2-Receptor Antagonists in the Pediatric Population

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Neeta Bahal O'Mara ◽  
Milap C. Nahata
Keyword(s):  
Product Information ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Stability Data ◽  
Administration Methods ◽  
In Infants And Children

Objective: To provide a review of the use of parenteral histamine2 (H2)-receptor antagonists cimetidine, ranitidine, and famotidine in the pediatric population. Data Sources: Information was identified by MEDLINE and a review of journals. References cited in published articles and manufacturers' product information also were used. Study Selection: Information was selected for review if it addressed the parenteral administration of H2-receptor antagonists in the pediatric population. Data Extraction: Data were extracted from references pertaining to the topic. Data Synthesis: Despite the lack of Food and Drug Administration pediatric labeling, the H2-receptor antagonists often are used for a variety of indications in infants and children. Although these agents differ somewhat in chemical structure, potency, and pharmacokinetics, the most important differences exist in their drug interactions and adverse effect profiles. Further, administration methods, compatibility, and stability data differ slightly among the agents. Conclusions: Parenteral H2-receptor antagonists are used for a variety of indications in infants and children. Despite their widespread use, additional studies are needed to define the optimal dosage regimens in this population.

scholarly journals The Establishment Processes, Essence and Key Traits of the Yard and Allodial System of Princely Administration and Court in Ancient Rus in the Late XI to the First Half of the XII Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
Pavel I. Kononov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Power ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Administration Methods ◽  
Structure And Functions

The article considers the process of formation and development in the old Russian state of the end of the XI-first half of the XII centuries of the household-patrimonial system of princely administration and court. The main features of this system of public power, the structure and functions of the princely administration, methods of its activities, and relations with the population of the territories subject to the Prince are studied.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Post Vaccinated Adverse Effects and Efficacy in the Egyptian Population

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Marwa O. Elgendy ◽  
Ahmed O. El-Gendy ◽  
Abdulaziz Ibrahim Alzarea ◽  
Sarah Mahmoud ◽  
Saad S. Alqahtani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Dose Interval ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
The Third ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Administration Methods ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Vaccines are the solution to overcome SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to determine the post-Sinopharm vaccine safety-profile and immunity through antibody titers. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from Egyptian participants who received two doses of Sinopharm vaccine. Data were divided into three parts, the first and second parts were to detect participants’ post-first and second dose symptoms and practices, and the third for the results of IgG anti spike protein antibodies test and laboratory tests. Pain, redness, swelling at the injection site, headache, fatigue, and lethargy were the most common post-vaccine symptoms for both first and second doses. Most of the participants felt mild or no symptoms after vaccination. The symptoms started mostly during the first day post-vaccination and lasted for no more than two days. Forty-nine percent of the participants resulted in positive antibodies tests on day 18 post-vaccination. The average antibody level for vaccinated participants with past SARS-CoV-2 infection was much higher than that for non-past infected participants. These vaccines’ administration methods need to be reevaluated by changing the dose, dose interval, adding a third dose, or mixing it with other vaccines with different techniques to improve their protection rates. Further studies are required to validate this finding.

scholarly journals Use of Subcutaneous and Intraperitoneal Administration Methods to Facilitate Cassette Dosing in Microdialysis Studies in Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 964-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Durk ◽  
Gauri Deshmukh ◽  
Nicole Valle ◽  
Xiao Ding ◽  
Bianca M. Liederer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Administration Methods ◽  
Cassette Dosing
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