scholarly journals The Pivotal Role of the Glutamate - glutamine Cycle in Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy. An experimental magnetic resonance spectroscopy study

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 2959-2962
Author(s):  
Cristian Scheau ◽  
Ioana Anca Badarau ◽  
Ioana Gabriela Lupescu ◽  
Ioana Raluca Papacocea ◽  
Gratiela Livia Mihai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Excitatory Neurotransmitter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study ◽  
Brain Barrier Permeability ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The glutamate-glutamine cycle is essential for sustaining the neuronal secretion of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. Hepatic encephalopathy, even in its most discreet form, minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE), interferes with the glutamate and glutamine balance due to the increase in ammonia levels in the central nervous system (CNS), induced by a combination of liver dysfunction, increased blood-brain barrier permeability and many other factors. An experimental study on 21 patients with chronic liver disease and 11 healthy volunteers was performed. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrated an increase of the glutamate-glutamine complex peak, with high predictive value for MHE, especially when the metabolites are referenced to creatine, a stabile metabolite in the CNS. This paper also explores the pathophysiology of MHE with emphasis on the involvement of the glutamate-glutamine cycle in the development of this complication.

scholarly journals Does magnetic resonance spectroscopy identify patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy?

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 436-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Ciećko-Michalska ◽  
Tomasz Dziedzic ◽  
Robert Banyś ◽  
Magdalena Senderecka ◽  
Marek Binder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy

scholarly journals Decreased Taurine and Creatine in the Thalamus May Relate to Behavioral Impairments in Ethanol-Fed Mice: A Pilot Study of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 153601211774905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Xu ◽  
Wenjun Zhu ◽  
Yamin Wan ◽  
JiaBei Wang ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Proton Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Insight Into

Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is highly prevalent, observed in up to 80% of patients with liver dysfunction. Minimal hepatic encephalopathy is defined as hepatic encephalopathy with cognitive deficits and no grossly evident neurologic abnormalities. Clinical management may be delayed due to the lack of in vivo quantitative methods needed to reveal changes in brain neurobiochemical biomarkers. To gain insight into the development of alcoholic liver disease–induced neurological dysfunction (NDF), a mouse model of late-stage alcoholic liver fibrosis (LALF) was used to investigate changes in neurochemical levels in the thalamus and hippocampus that relate to behavioral changes. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain and behavioral testing were performed to determine neurochemical alterations and their relationships to behavioral changes in LALF. Glutamine levels were higher in both the thalamus and hippocampus of alcohol-treated mice than in controls. Thalamic levels of taurine and creatine were significantly diminished and strongly correlated with alcohol-induced behavioral changes. Chronic long-term alcohol consumption gives rise to advanced liver fibrosis, neurochemical changes in the nuclei, and behavioral changes which may be linked to NDF. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy represents a sensitive and noninvasive measurement of pathological alterations in the brain, which may provide insight into the pathogenesis underlying the development of MHE.

scholarly journals The Role of Insular Cortex in Response to Group Therapy in Vaginismus Patients: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 608-612
Author(s):  
Mehmet Fatih Erbay ◽  
Esra Porgalı Zayman
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Group Therapy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Spectroscopy Study ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations ◽  
Predictive Role

Objective Disgust has been propounded as a potential etiological factor in certain sexual dysfunctions such as vaginismus. Studies reports that insular cortex is activated as a response to disgust. The present study aimed to investigate the predictive role of metabolites in insular cortex in response to group therapy among vaginismus patients.Methods Study sample consisted of 51 vaginismus patients attended an ambulatory group therapy, of whom 26 benefited from 8-week group therapy and 25 were unresponsive to group therapy. All of the patients underwent H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS), and insular cortex N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), Creatinine (Cr), Glutamine (Gln), Glutathione (GSH), Choline (Cho), Myo-inositol (mIns), Glutamate (Glu) and Lactate (Lac) concentrations were compared between the groups.Results Comparing insular cortex metabolite concentrations between the groups, Cho was statistically significantly higher (p=0.005) but mIns was significantly lower (p=0.001) in the unresponsive to group therapy group.Conclusion MR spectroscopy findings of the present study indicated significant metabolic changes such as increased Cho/Cr ratio and decreased mIns/Cr ratio in the insular cortex of vaginismus patients who were unresponsive to group therapy. Our results support the studies suggesting that disgust is an important emotion in vaginismus patients and also that insula plays a role in the neurobiology of disgust.

Brain metabolism in minimal hepatic encephalopathy assessed by 3.0-Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohei Kooka ◽  
Kei Sawara ◽  
Ryujin Endo ◽  
Akinobu Kato ◽  
Kazuyuki Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Brain Metabolism ◽  
Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
3.0 Tesla
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