scholarly journals Determination of an Extrusion Machine Performance Based on the Working Field of the Extruder Die

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-230
Author(s):  
Valeriu V. Jinescu ◽  
Mihail Juganaru ◽  
Cosmin Jinescu ◽  
Nicoleta Sporea
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Melt ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Extrusion Dies ◽  
Machine Performance ◽  
Extrusion Die ◽  
Short Service Life ◽  
Extruded Product

Some inventions along with theoretical and experimental research made it possible to increase the output of a thermally homogeneous melt provided by the screw. However, the quality of the extruded product depends on some specific features of the extrusion die and to a large extent on the rheological behavior (viscous and elastic) of the polymer melt. The mismatch between the design of the screw-cylinder subassembly and the design of the extrusion die results in products with relatively short service life. The present paper has drawn up the working field of the extruder die and adjusted it based on the limitations imposed by the screw-cylinder subassembly, namely: - the maximum output rate that ensures the required thermal homogeneity of the melt; - the maximum output at which the heating system on the barrel (and possibly the screw) ensures the extrusion temperature; - the minimum economic output corresponding to the diameter of the screw. The working field of some extrusion dies for blown films of the following polymers have been plotted: polypropylene, low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene and ethylene vinyl acetate.

UNS T20819

Alloy Digest ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Hot Extrusion ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Toughness ◽  
Extrusion Dies ◽  
Extrusion Die ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Heat Checking ◽  
Resistance To Heat

Abstract UNS T20819 is a hot-work tool and die steel that is characterized by excellent resistance to shock and abrasion at elevated temperatures. This steel provides relatively high toughness and outstanding resistance to heat checking and softening at elevated temperatures. Among its many applications are hot-punch tools, forging dies and inserts, brass extrusion dies, permanent molds for brass casting and hot-extrusion die inserts for steel. This datasheet provides information on composition, hardness, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on high temperature performance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: TS-496. Producer or source: Tool steel mills.

Accurate Simulation of the Four Modes of Post-Die Extrudate Shape Distortion

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
M. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Layer Structure ◽  
Die Design ◽  
Velocity Variation ◽  
Shape Distortion ◽  
Exit Velocity ◽  
Extrusion Die ◽  
Combined Flow ◽  
Extruded Product ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Extrudate Distortion

Abstract A combined flow, thermal and structural analysis is employed to simulate post-die extrudate distortion in different profile dies. All four factors which can cause extrudate distortion, namely, nonuniform exit velocity distribution, extrudate shrinkage, extrudate draw down, and deformed shape of the calibrator or sizer profile, are simulated. To analyze the effect of exit velocity variation on extrudate distortion, the parameterized geometry of a simple profile die is optimized using an extrusion die optimization software. The simulation results presented for a bi-layer profile die successfully demonstrate how gradually changing profile shape in successive calibrators/sizers can be used to simplify the die design for extrusion of complex profiles. The predicted extrudate shape and layer structure for the bi-layer die are found to accurately match with those in the extruded product.

Induction Heating Power Supplies

1988 ◽  
pp. 47-75
Keyword(s):  
Induction Heating ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Power Supplies ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Frequency Multipliers ◽  
Ac Power ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Induction Heating System

Abstract Besides the induction coil and workpiece, the induction generator (source of ac power) is probably the most important component of an overall induction heating system. Such equipment is typically rated in terms of its frequency and maximum output power (in kilowatts). This chapter addresses the selection of power supplies in terms of these two factors as well as the operational features of different types of sources. The six different types of power supplies for induction heating applications covered in this chapter are line-frequency supplies, frequency multipliers, motor-generators, solid-state (static) inverters, spark-gap converters, and radio-frequency power supplies. The chapter discusses the design and characteristics of each of the various types of power supplies.

scholarly journals Small Nuclear Reactor—Nordic District Heating Case Study

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Teräsvirta ◽  
Sanna Syri ◽  
Pauli Hiltunen
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Micro Reactors ◽  
Financial Impacts

Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) have been recognized to have potential in decarbonizing district heating, which is currently an urgent sustainability challenge in many European countries. In this paper, the financial impacts of replacing peat and biomass-powered Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plants with heat-only reactors of 24–200 MW power range and maximum output temperatures of 120 °C are studied. A district heating system of a medium-sized Nordic city in Eastern Finland is modeled with EnergyPRO computer software (EMD International A/S, Aalborg, Denmark), which is used to optimize plant units’ production for cost effectiveness. A future scenario is used to predict electricity prices, expenditures from CO2 emission allowances, and fuel prices for the studied case. Results show that the low operating expenditures of CO2 free heat-only reactors would compensate for the revenue losses from electricity sales and that a small number of micro reactors, with power output in the tens of megawatts range each, would be optimal for the studied case. Since investment cost estimates for SMRs still bear significant uncertainties, the subject should be followed in further studies, as heat-only SMRs could provide a profitable alternative for current CHP production in the future.

The Inverse Prediction for Profile Extrusion Die Based on the Finite Element Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 941-944 ◽  
pp. 2332-2335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Chuan Zhen Huang ◽  
Yu Xi Jia ◽  
Jin Long Liu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Polymer Melt ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Polymer Extrusion ◽  
Extrudate Swell ◽  
Extrusion Die ◽  
Element Method

Considering the extrudate swell, the polymer extrusion process was calculated by the inversed simulation based on the visco-elastic ecology theory. The fluid characteristics of the polymer melt were described by the Phan-Thien and Tanner (PTT) model. The Finite Element Method was used. Based on the simulation data, the extrusion die lips were analyzed. So it is feasible to design the polymer extrusion die lips using inversed simulation method.

3D FEM Study of the Flow Uniformity of Flat Polypropylene Film/Sheet Extrusion Dies

2020 ◽  
Vol 841 ◽  
pp. 375-380
Author(s):  
Dastan Igali ◽  
Asma Perveen ◽  
Dong Ming Wei ◽  
Di Chuan Zhang ◽  
Almagul Mentbayeva
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Melt ◽  
Die Design ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Flow Uniformity ◽  
3D Fem ◽  
Extrusion Dies ◽  
Polypropylene Sheet ◽  
Flat Film ◽  
Extrusion Die Design ◽  
Sheet Extrusion

Coat-hanger dies are widely used in the extrusion of polymer sheets and films. However, when designing the flat film/sheet extrusion dies manufacturing companies still facing difficulties in achieving the flow uniformity of the polymer melt. This affects the product quality and tool life. This study examines the existing extrusion die design which is used in in the industry in Kazakhstan for polypropylene sheet production and proposes better geometry of a die. These die geometries will be tested for flow uniformity in terms of velocity and pressure at the outlet.

A comprehensive 3-D analysis of polymer melt flow in slit extrusion dies

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yihan Huang ◽  
C. Richard Gentle ◽  
J. Barry Hull
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Melt ◽  
Melt Flow ◽  
Extrusion Dies

Conjugate transport in polymer melt flow through extrusion dies

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1582-1595 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lin ◽  
Y. Jaluria
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Melt ◽  
Melt Flow ◽  
Extrusion Dies ◽  
Flow Through
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