scholarly journals Comparative Study on Two Methods Used in Obtaining 3D Printed Dental Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 812-816
Author(s):  
Mihaela Pantea ◽  
Robert Ciocoiu ◽  
Ana Maria Cristina Tancu ◽  
Daniela-Mădălina Nină ◽  
Alexandru Petre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Stl File ◽  
Dental Model ◽  
Dental Models ◽  
Industrial Ct ◽  
3D Printed

The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of two 3D printed dental models manufactured after intraoral/IO and extraoral/EO scanning. A dental study model (KaVo Dental GmbH/Germany) was used as a reference for this research; this model was scanned with an industrial scanner (XT H 225 ST/Industrial CT scan/Nikon Metrology Inc./U.S.A.) and a reference STL file was generated (coded M1). Two 3D printed models (Form2/FormLabs Inc./U.S.A.) were produced via IO scanning (TRIOS 3 Battery Cart/3 Shape/Denmark), respectively via EO scanning (Swing Dental Scanner/Dof Inc./South Korea) of the reference dental model. The 3D printed models obtained were scanned with the industrial scanner, resulting in other two STL files (coded M2, respectively M3). All the STL files obtained (reference M1; M2; M3) were compared in pairs, using a 3D analysis software. Good results were achieved in obtaining 3D printed dental models via IO or EO scanning, yet, the 3D printed dental model obtained via IO scanning (M3) showed slightly improved dimensional compatibility with the reference model (M1) in comparison with the 3D printed dental model manufactured via EO scanning (M2).

scholarly journals Effect of Different Software Programs on the Accuracy of Dental Scanner Using Three-Dimensional Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8449
Author(s):  
Keunbada Son ◽  
Wan-Sun Lee ◽  
Kyu-Bok Lee
Keyword(s):  
Reference Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Test Models ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tooth Preparation ◽  
Software Programs

This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the 3D analysis for complete arch, half arch, and tooth preparation region by using four analysis software programs. The CAD reference model (CRM; N = 1 per region) and CAD test models (CTMs; N = 20 per software) of complete arch, half arch, and tooth preparation were obtained by using scanners. For both CRM and CTMs, mesh data other than the same area were deleted. For 3D analysis, four analysis software programs (Geomagic control X, GOM Inspect, Cloudcompare, and Materialise 3-matic) were used in the alignment of CRM and CTMs as well as in the 3D comparison. Root mean square (RMS) was regarded as the result of the 3D comparison. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey honestly significant difference tests were performed for statistical comparison of four analysis software programs (α = 0.05). In half-arch and tooth preparation region, the four analysis software programs showed a significant difference in RMS values (p < 0.001), but in complete-arch region, no significant difference was found among the four software programs (p = 0.139). As the area of the virtual cast for 3D analysis becomes smaller, variable results are obtained depending on the software program used, and the difference in results among software programs are not considered in the 3D analysis for complete-arch region.

scholarly journals A Proposed In Vitro Methodology for Assessing the Accuracy of Three-Dimensionally Printed Dental Models and the Impact of Storage on Dimensional Stability

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5994
Author(s):  
Li Hsin Lin ◽  
Joshua Granatelli ◽  
Frank Alifui-Segbaya ◽  
Laura Drake ◽  
Derek Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Posterior Region ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Dental Models ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to propose a standardised methodology for assessing the accuracy of three-dimensional printed (3DP) full-arch dental models and the impact of storage using two printing technologies. A reference model (RM) comprising seven spheres was 3D-printed using digital light processing (MAX UV, MAX) and stereolithography (Form 2, F2) five times per printer. The diameter of the spheres (n = 35) represented the dimensional trueness (DT), while twenty-one vectors (n = 105) extending between the sphere centres represented the full-arch trueness (FT). Samples were measured at two (T1) and six (T2) weeks using a commercial profilometer to assess their dimensional stability. Significant (p < 0.05) contraction in DT occurred at T1 and T2 with a medium deviation of 108 µm and 99 µm for MAX, and 117 µm and 118 µm for F2, respectively. No significant (p > 0.05) deviations were detected for FT. The detected median deviations were evenly distributed across the arch for MAX at <50 µm versus F2, where the greatest error of 278 µm was in the posterior region. Storage did not significantly impact the model’s DT in contrast to FT (p < 0.05). The proposed methodology was able to assess the accuracy of 3DP. Storage significantly impacted the full-arch accuracy of the models up to 6 weeks post-printing.

scholarly journals Accuracy of 3-Dimensionally Printed Full-Arch Dental Models: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasaman Etemad-Shahidi ◽  
Omel Baneen Qallandar ◽  
Jessica Evenden ◽  
Frank Alifui-Segbaya ◽  
Khaled Elsayed Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Dental Model ◽  
Dental Models ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Manufacturing Parameters ◽  
Base Design ◽  
Or Applications

The use of additive manufacturing in dentistry has exponentially increased with dental model construction being the most common use of the technology. Henceforth, identifying the accuracy of additively manufactured dental models is critical. The objective of this study was to systematically review the literature and evaluate the accuracy of full-arch dental models manufactured using different 3D printing technologies. Seven databases were searched, and 2209 articles initially identified of which twenty-eight studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria were analysed. A meta-analysis was not possible due to unclear reporting and heterogeneity of studies. Stereolithography (SLA) was the most investigated technology, followed by digital light processing (DLP). Accuracy of 3D printed models varied widely between <100 to >500 μm with the majority of models deemed of clinically acceptable accuracy. The smallest (3.3 μm) and largest (579 μm) mean errors were produced by SLA printers. For DLP, majority of investigated printers (n = 6/8) produced models with <100 μm accuracy. Manufacturing parameters, including layer thickness, base design, postprocessing and storage, significantly influenced the model’s accuracy. Majority of studies supported the use of 3D printed dental models. Nonetheless, models deemed clinically acceptable for orthodontic purposes may not necessarily be acceptable for the prosthodontic workflow or applications requiring high accuracy.

scholarly journals Accuracy of different tooth surfaces on 3D printed dental models: orthodontic perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Dong ◽  
Xiaoting Wang ◽  
Lunguo Xia ◽  
Lingjun Yuan ◽  
Niansong Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Stl File ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Dental Models ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lower Limits ◽  
Pits And Fissures

Abstract Background Few studies have been reported regarding the accuracy of 3D-printed models for orthodontic applications. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of 3D-printed dental models of different tooth surfaces. Methods Thirty volunteers were recruited from the hospital, and then their dental models were produced by means of oral scanning and a stereolithography-based 3D printer. Each printed model was digitally scanned and compared with the oral-scanned STL file via superimposition analysis. A color map was used to assess the accuracy of different surfaces (occlusal, buccal, lingual) of anterior and posterior teeth. The Tukey test was used to evaluate the differences between the superimposition. Results Statistically significant differences were found in the average deviations of different tooth surfaces (P < 0.05). The mean average absolute deviations of the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth were greater than those of other surfaces. Percentages of points beyond the upper and lower limits of different tooth surfaces displayed the same results (P < 0.05). Conclusions Occlusal surfaces, especially pits and fissures of posterior teeth on 3D printed maxillary dental models, showed greater distortions than those of other teeth and regions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of High-Speed Handpiece Cutting Efficiency According to Bur Eccentricity: An In Vitro Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 3395
Author(s):  
Duk-Yeon Kim ◽  
Keunbada Son ◽  
Kyu-bok Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Lithium Disilicate ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Cutting Efficiency ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cutting Model

This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between the cutting efficiency and bur eccentricity of high-speed handpieces. The prepared lithium disilicate samples were digitized using a 3D model scanner (reference model, RM) (n = 45), and the lithium disilicate samples were cut using three high-speed handpieces. To evaluate the cutting efficiency, the cut lithium disilicate sample was digitized (cutting model, CM), and the RM and CM were superimposed using a 3D analysis software. Bur eccentricity of the high-speed handpieces was measured using dedicated equipment. Statistical analyses were performed using an analysis software. The statistical differences in pairwise comparisons (α = 0.05) were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis and post hoc tests. The S-max M600 obtained a cutting efficiency of 6.13 mm3. TG-98 and TRAUS ATN-400 showed similar efficiencies of 2.914 and 3.05 mm3, respectively. There was a significant difference in the cutting efficiency of the S-max M600 compared with TG-98 and TRAUS ATN-400 (p < 0.001). S-max M600 had an eccentricity of 3.507 µm. TG-98 and TRAUS ATN-400 had eccentricities of 5.99 and 7.767 µm, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the eccentricity among all the high-speed handpieces (p < 0.001).

scholarly journals Accuracy of 3D-Printed Dental Models of Different Tooth Surfaces

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Dong ◽  
Xiaoting Wang ◽  
Lunguo Xia ◽  
Niansong Ye ◽  
Lingjun Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printer ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Stl File ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Dental Models ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lower Limits ◽  
Pits And Fissures

Abstract Background: Few studies have been reported regarding the accuracy of 3D-printed models for orthodontic applications. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of 3D-printed dental models of different tooth surfaces.Methods：Thirty maxillary dental models were produced by means of a stereolithography-based 3D printer. Each printed model was digitally scanned and compared with the oral-scanned STL file via superimposition analysis, with a colour map used to assess the accuracy of different surfaces of anterior and posterior teeth.Results: Statistically significant differences were found in the average deviations of different tooth surfaces. The mean average absolute deviations of the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth were greater than those of other surfaces. Percentages of points beyond the upper and lower limits of different tooth surfaces displayed the same results.Conclusions: The occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth on 3D-printed dental models show greater deviations than those of other regions, especially in pits and fissures.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Evaluation on Accuracy of Conventional and Milled Gypsum Models and 3D Printed Photopolymer Models

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 3499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Won Choi ◽  
Jong-Ju Ahn ◽  
Keunbada Son ◽  
Jung-Bo Huh
Keyword(s):  
Reference Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Single Crown ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
3D Printed

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of dental models fabricated by conventional, milling, and three-dimensional (3D) printing methods. A reference model with inlay, single crown, and three-unit fixed dental prostheses (FDP) preparations was prepared. Conventional gypsum models (CON) were manufactured from the conventional method. Digital impressions were obtained by intraoral scanner, which were converted into physical models such as milled gypsum models (MIL), stereolithography (SLA), and digital light processing (DLP) 3D printed photopolymer models (S3P and D3P). Models were extracted as standard triangulated language (STL) data by reference scanner. All STL data were superimposed by 3D analysis software and quantitative and qualitative analysis was performed using root mean square (RMS) values and color difference map. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U test with Bonferroni’s correction. For full arch, the RMS value of trueness and precision in CON was significantly smaller than in the other groups (p < 0.05/6 = 0.008), and there was no significant difference between S3P and D3P (p > 0.05/6 = 0.008). On the other hand, the RMS value of trueness in CON was significantly smaller than in the other groups for all prepared teeth (p < 0.05/6 = 0.008), and there was no significant difference between MIL and S3P (p > 0.05/6 = 0.008). In conclusion, conventional gypsum models showed better accuracy than digitally milled and 3D printed models.

scholarly journals Impact of Dental Model Height on Thermoformed PET-G Aligner Thickness—An In Vitro Micro-CT Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6674
Author(s):  
Benjamin Alexander Ihssen ◽  
Robert Kerberger ◽  
Nicole Rauch ◽  
Dieter Drescher ◽  
Kathrin Becker
Keyword(s):  
Reference Points ◽  
Distance Transform ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Potential Implication ◽  
Dental Model ◽  
Dental Models ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Upper Jaw

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether base height of 3D-printed dental models has an impact on local thickness values from polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PET-G) aligners. A total of 20 aligners were thermoformed on dental models from the upper jaw exhibiting either a 5 mm high (H) or narrow (N), i.e., 0 mm, base height. The aligners were digitized using micro-CT, segmented, and local thickness values were computed utilizing a 3D-distance transform. The mean thickness values and standard deviations were assessed for both groups, and local thickness values at pre-defined reference points were also recorded. The statistical analysis was performed using R. Aligners in group H were significantly thinner and more homogenous compared to group N (p < 0.001). Significant differences in thickness values were observed among tooth types between both groups. Whereas thickness values were comparable at cusp tips and occlusal/incisal/cervical measurement locations, facial and palatal surfaces were significantly thicker in group N compared to group H (p < 0.01). Within the limits of the study, the base height of 3D-printed models impacts on local thickness values of thermoformed aligners. The clinician should consider potential implication on exerted forces at the different tooth types, and at facial as well as palatal surfaces.

scholarly journals Impact of Aging on the Accuracy of 3D-Printed Dental Models: An In Vitro Investigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Joda ◽  
Lea Matthisson ◽  
Nicola U. Zitzmann
Keyword(s):  
Reference Model ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Deviation Analysis ◽  
Fixed Dental Prosthesis ◽  
In Vitro Investigation ◽  
Dental Models ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this in vitro study was to analyze the impact of model aging on the accuracy of 3D-printed dental models. A maxillary full-arch reference model with prepared teeth for a three-unit fixed dental prosthesis was scanned ten times with an intraoral scanner (3Shape TRIOS Pod) and ten models were 3D printed (Straumann P-Series). All models were stored under constant conditions and digitized with a desktop scanner after 1 day; 1 week; and 2, 3, and 4 weeks. For accuracy, a best-fit algorithm was used to analyze the deviations of the abutment teeth (GFaI e.V Final Surface®). Wilcoxon Rank Sum Tests were used for comparisons with the level of significance set at α = 0.05. Deviation analysis of the tested models showed homogenous intragroup distance calculations at each timepoint. The most accurate result was for 1 day of aging (3.3 ± 1.3 µm). A continuous decrease in accuracy was observed with each aging stage from day 1 to week 4. A time-dependent difference was statistically significant after 3 weeks (p = 0.0008) and 4 weeks (p < 0.0001). Based on these findings, dental models should not be used longer than 3 to 4 weeks after 3D printing for the fabrication of definitive prosthetic reconstructions.

scholarly journals Quality Control in 3D Printing: Accuracy Analysis of 3D-Printed Models of Patient-Specific Anatomy

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1021
Author(s):  
Bernhard Dorweiler ◽  
Pia Elisabeth Baqué ◽  
Rayan Chaban ◽  
Ahmed Ghazy ◽  
Oroa Salem
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Stl File ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Mean

As comparative data on the precision of 3D-printed anatomical models are sparse, the aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of 3D-printed models of vascular anatomy generated by two commonly used printing technologies. Thirty-five 3D models of large (aortic, wall thickness of 2 mm, n = 30) and small (coronary, wall thickness of 1.25 mm, n = 5) vessels printed with fused deposition modeling (FDM) (rigid, n = 20) and PolyJet (flexible, n = 15) technology were subjected to high-resolution CT scans. From the resulting DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) dataset, an STL file was generated and wall thickness as well as surface congruency were compared with the original STL file using dedicated 3D engineering software. The mean wall thickness for the large-scale aortic models was 2.11 µm (+5%), and 1.26 µm (+0.8%) for the coronary models, resulting in an overall mean wall thickness of +5% for all 35 3D models when compared to the original STL file. The mean surface deviation was found to be +120 µm for all models, with +100 µm for the aortic and +180 µm for the coronary 3D models, respectively. Both printing technologies were found to conform with the currently set standards of accuracy (<1 mm), demonstrating that accurate 3D models of large and small vessel anatomy can be generated by both FDM and PolyJet printing technology using rigid and flexible polymers.

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