scholarly journals The Benefits of Grazing—Livestock Grazing: A Conservation Tool on California's Annual Grasslands.

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Barry ◽  
Lisa Bush ◽  
Stephanie Larson ◽  
Lawrence D Ford
Keyword(s):  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Annual Grasslands ◽  
Grazing Livestock

Factors influencing pasture productivity in Atlantic Canada

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. A. Papadopoulos ◽  
H. T. Kunelius ◽  
A. H. Fredeen
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Atlantic Canada ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Grazing Livestock ◽  
Pasture Productivity

Most pastures in Atlantic Canada are classified as permanent and contain primarily native species. Well-managed native swards have the potential of supporting profitable animal output. Productive cultivars of cool-season perennial grass species such as timothy (Phleum pratense L.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) and legumes such as white clover can increase pasture productivity in the region and ameliorate seasonal fluctuations in dry matter yield associated with native swards. Improved swards gradually revert to native species, partly because forage cultivars and mixtures are not assessed for persistence under grazing.Soil acidity and deficiencies in soil nutrients were shown to reduce herbage yield, legume content of the grazed swards and mineral content of the herbage, all of which may adversely affect livestock performance. High concentrations of K, observed in swards heavily fertilized with N, are likely to cause problems in the metabolism of Ca and Mg in lactating ruminant livestock grazing such swards.Supplemental pasture crops, including annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and Brassica species, extend the productive grazing season from approximately 4 to 7 mo, and permit the production of large quantities of biomass close to the barn.Rotational grazing and forward creep-grazing techniques at high stocking rates can improve the number of animal grazing days and average daily gains. Previous experience with grazing and exposure to pasture species before and during weaning appear to influence grazing behavior and species preference of newly weaned livestock. The use of previous grazing experience may help create the desired pasture sward or improve the efficiency of sward utilization by the grazing animal. The high rainfall climate of the Atlantic region, which promotes good herbage production, also encourages heavy and prolonged infestations of infective free-living stages of gastrointestinal parasites on pastures. Permanent pasture is the main source of initial herd infection, which then spreads to newly seeded pastures. Strategic treatments of grazing livestock with anthelmintic drugs are recommended to minimize the impact of these parasites on the productivity of grazing livestock in this region. Key words: Pasture, Atlantic Canada, productivity, grazing management, fertility management, Brassica spp., grasses, legumes

scholarly journals Do Livestock Injure and Kill Koalas? Insights from Wildlife Hospital and Rescue Group Admissions and an Online Survey of Livestock–Koala Conflicts

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2684
Author(s):  
Alex Jiang ◽  
Andrew Tribe ◽  
Clive J. C. Phillips ◽  
Peter J. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
Witness Statements ◽  
Wild Dog ◽  
Grazing Livestock

Koala populations in Australia are declining due to threats such as chlamydiosis, wild dog predation and vehicle collision. In the last decade, grazing livestock emerged anecdotally as a threat to koala survival in areas where koala habitat and livestock grazing land overlap. This is the first study investigating the significance of livestock-inflicted injuries and deaths in koala populations over a large spatial and temporal scale. We investigated the outcome, scale, and frequency of livestock–koala incidents via an online survey and analysed koala admission records in Queensland wildlife hospitals and a wildlife rescue group (Wildlife Victoria) in Victoria. The results provide evidence of both livestock-inflicted injuries and deaths to koalas, especially as these have been confirmed by witness statements. The outcomes for the koala victims of the incidents were severe with a 75% mortality rate. The reported frequency of livestock–koala incidents was low but increasing, with 72 cases (0.14% out of 50,873 admissions) in Queensland wildlife hospitals during 1997–2019, and 59 cases (0.8% of 7017 rescue records) in Wildlife Victoria during 2007–2019. These incidents were likely to be under-reported due to the remoteness of the incident location, possible mis-diagnoses by veterinarians and the possible reluctance of farmers to report them. Future research is encouraged to explore the mechanics and causes of livestock–koala incidents and to develop management strategies to minimise the livestock threat to koalas.

scholarly journals Global Rangeland Primary Production and Its Consumption by Livestock in 2000–2010

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3430
Author(s):  
Julie Wolf ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
Ghassem R. Asrar
Keyword(s):  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
National Level ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Aboveground Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Model Average ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Grazing Livestock

Livestock grazing occupies ca. 25% of global ice-free land, removing large quantities of carbon (C) from global rangelands (here, including grass- and shrublands). The proportion of total livestock intake that is supplied by grazing (GP) is estimated at >50%, larger than the proportion from crop- and byproduct-derived fodders. Both rangeland productivity and its consumption through grazing are difficult to quantify, as is grazing intensity (GI), the proportion of annual aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) removed from rangelands by grazing livestock. We develop national or sub-national level estimates of GI and GP for 2000–2010, using remote sensing products, inventory data, and model simulations, and accounting for recent changes in livestock intake, fodder losses and waste, and national cropland use intensities. Over the 11 study years, multi-model average global rangeland ANPP varied between the values of 13.0 Pg C in 2002 and 13.96 Pg C in 2000. The global requirement for grazing intake increased monotonically by 18%, from 1.54 in 2000 to 1.82 Pg C in 2010. Although total global rangeland ANPP is roughly an order of magnitude larger than grazing demand, much of this total ANPP is unavailable for grazing, and national or sub-national deficits between intake requirements and available rangeland ANPP occurred in each year, totaling 36.6 Tg C (2.4% of total grazing intake requirement) in 2000, and an unprecedented 77.8 Tg C (4.3% of global grazing intake requirement) in 2010. After accounting for these deficits, global average GI ranged from 10.7% in 2000 to 12.6% in 2009 and 2010. The annually increasing grazing deficits suggest that rangelands are under significant pressure to accommodate rising grazing demand. Greater focus on observing, understanding, and managing the role of rangelands in feeding livestock, providing ecosystem services, and as part of the global C cycle, is warranted.

Intensively managed pasture in the Great Lakes Basin: A future-oriented review

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ann Clark ◽  
Stephan F. Weise ◽  
J. G. Buchanan-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Great Lakes Basin ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Herbage Quality ◽  
Livestock Feeding ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Intensive Approach ◽  
Grazing Livestock

The contribution of pasture to agriculture in the Great Lakes Basin, and specifically in Ontario, is reviewed from both historical and futuristic perspectives. The ascendency of confinement-based ruminant agriculture is currently under challenge by environmental, societal, and market forces which may favor a less resource intensive approach to livestock feeding. Managing pasture for profitable ruminant productivity represents both opportunities and challenges for contemporary producers, as highlighted with examples from beef, dairy, and sheep research. The premise that research intended to benefit pasture enterprises must incorporate the grazing animal is supported by evidence from several sources, including the comparative performance of livestock grazing alfalfa versus other, less highly bred forage legumes. Emphasis is given to the predominant influence of climatic, soil, and managerial factors on pasture performance, through comparisons of sown and indigenous swards, as well as simple and complex mixtures. It is argued that the contribution of pasture to contemporary agriculture could be enhanced by focusing on alternative selection and management indices, such as stability of nutritional quality with both maturation and temperature, rather than quality per se, vertical profiles in nutrient bulk density in an intact sward, and herbage protein partitioning toward rumen bypass rather than rumen-degradable forms. Research in support of intensively managed pasture must effectively integrate grazing livestock, both as a vehicle to apply realistic stresses against which to test breeding materials and management practices, and as the ultimate indicator of biological and economic response. Key words: Pasture and grazing management, beef, dairy, sheep, alfalfa, bird's-foot trefoil, grass, herbage quality

Agroforestry in Eastern Otago: results from two long-term experiments

2000 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
G.G. Cossens ◽  
M.F. Hawke
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Clover Content ◽  
Pasture Yield

During the first 20 years of a Pinus radiata tree rotation, tree growth and pasture yield were assessed under a range of tree spacings at Invermay and Akatore, two coastal sites in Eastern Otago. Pasture yield in association with trees thinned to 100 stems per hectare (sph) was comparable to that from open pasture up to a tree age of 12 years. By the 19th year, however, pasture production declined to 63% of open pasture yield at Invermay and to 42% at Akatore. At 200 and 400 sph at Akatore, pasture yield was similar to that from open pasture at tree age 12 years but declined to 27% and 0% of open pasture yield respectively by year 20. At both Invermay and Akatore, the ryegrass and clover content of open pasture was relatively constant throughout the term of the trial. However, both the ryegrass and clover content of pasture beneath trees began to decline by tree age 12 years with a very rapid decline at Akatore in the number of pasture species at 200 sph by the 19th year. No pasture remained at 400 sph, after 19 years. Livestock carrying capacity with sheep on tree treatments at Invermay decreased from 100% of open pasture at year 6 to 60% by year 10. At Akatore, livestock carrying capacity averaged over the 20-year life of the trial was 4.1 stock units per hectare with a maximum of 8.1 stock units at a tree age of 8 years. Tree growth at both sites was similar, averaging between 1 and 1.1 m/year in height over 20 years, with trees at Invermay at 100 sph averaging 9% greater height and diameter growth than at Akatore. Increasing tree stocking from 100 to 200 to 400 sph at Akatore, resulted in increased tree height, but decreased diameter at breast height. A comparison of the East Otago trees with those in a similar trial at Tikitere (Rotorua) 900 km further north indicated that the southern trees were about 6 years later in their growth pattern by tree age 20 years. On both sites, soil pH tended to be lower in the presence of trees and was significantly lower than in open pasture by year 20. The results and comparisons with the Tikitere data suggest that, in an integrated agroforestry regime, there will be livestock grazing under the trees further into the tree rotation in Otago than in North Island sites. However, slower tree growth would result in a longer rotation time to harvest. Current recommendations to farmers are to plant trees on the less productive areas of the farm and adopt a tree stocking rate which fully utilises the site. Keywords: agroforestry, livestock, pasture, Pinus radiata, soil pH, tree stocking

Soil Potential Ratings for Livestock Grazing

Soil Horizons ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
George W. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Livestock Grazing

scholarly journals Successional trajectory of dung beetle communities in a tropical grassy ecosystem after livestock grazing removal

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 2311-2328 ◽  
Author(s):  
César M. A. Correa ◽  
Lívia D. Audino ◽  
Robert Holdbrook ◽  
Rodrigo F. Braga ◽  
Rosa Menéndez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Successional Trajectory
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document