scholarly journals Tree shelters and weed control enhance growth and survival of natural blue oak seedlings

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 192-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas D. McCreary ◽  
William Tietje ◽  
Josh Davy ◽  
Royce Larsen ◽  
Morgan Doran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Tree Shelters ◽  
Blue Oak ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Effects of Tree Shelters on Northern Red Oak Seedlings Planted in Harvested Forest Openings

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Minter ◽  
Richard K. Myers ◽  
Burnell C. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Tree Shelters ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
Vertical Location ◽  
Microenvironmental Factors ◽  
Forest Openings ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Abstract Planting has been considered to be one solution to the problem of inadequate natural oak regeneration following harvesting in the Central Hardwood Region. Two types of tree shelters were used in two separate 3-year studies to determine their effects on the growth and survival of northern red oak seedlings planted in recently harvested forest openings, and to characterize shelter influence on microenvironmental factors. Sheltered seedlings planted in both trials exhibited significantly greater 3-year height growth as compared to the controls. There were no significant differences in survival rates. Relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentrations were increased significantly inside both types of shelters, while there were no differences between shelter exterior and interior daytime temperatures. Interior light intensities differed for the two shelter types and varied according to vertical location within shelters. Recommendations are given for using tree shelters as a possible means for improving oak planting success in recently harvested forest openings. North. J. Appl. For. 9(2):58-63.

scholarly journals Tree Shelters Reduced Growth and Survival of Underplanted Red Oak Seedlings in Southern Iowa

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Bardon ◽  
David W. Countryman ◽  
Richard B. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Tree Shelters ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Shade Tolerant Species ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Abstract A major concern in the management of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) is the difficulty in regenerating stands that have dense understories of shade tolerant species. A replicated study in southern Iowa indicated that over a 5 yr period, tree shelters have a major impact on establishment of underplanted, 1-0, northern red oak bareroot stock. Sheltered seedlings had increased height growth during the first 3 growing seasons. But during the next 2 growing seasons, annual height growth of sheltered seedlings declined to a level of annual height growth similar to that of nonsheltered seedlings. After 5 growing seasons, sheltered seedlings were approximately 30 cm taller than nonsheltered seedlings. Sheltered and nonsheltered seedlings were one-third to two-thirds the height of the shelters. At the end of the fifth growing season, total mortality for sheltered seedlings was 40 and 55%, whereas for nonsheltered seedlings, mortality was 26 and 28% at the McNay and Stephens sites, respectively. Tree shelters may be a viable alternative in open areas (e.g., clearcuts or plantations), but in this study, tree shelters reduced both growth and survival when used to protect underplanted, 1-0, red oak seedlings. North. J. Appl. For. 16(2):103-107.

scholarly journals Chronicvs.Short-Term Acute O3Exposure Effects on Nocturnal Transpiration in Two Californian Oaks

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Grulke ◽  
E. Paoletti ◽  
R. L. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Exchange System ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Blue Oak ◽  
Unexposed Control ◽  
Nocturnal Transpiration ◽  
Gas Exchange System ◽  
Black Oak ◽  
Oak Seedlings

We tested the effect of daytime chronic moderate ozone (O3) exposure, short-term acute exposure, and both chronic and acute O3exposure combined on nocturnal transpiration in California black oak and blue oak seedlings. Chronic O3exposure (70 ppb for 8 h/day) was implemented in open-top chambers for either 1 month (California black oak) or 2 months (blue oak). Acute O3exposure (~1 h in duration during the day, 120–220 ppb) was implemented in a novel gas exchange system that supplied and maintained known O3concentrations to a leaf cuvette. When exposed to chronic daytime O3exposure, both oaks exhibited increased nocturnal transpiration (without concurrent O3exposure) relative to unexposed control leaves (1.8× and 1.6×, black and blue oak, respectively). Short-term acute and chronic O3exposure did not further increase nocturnal transpiration in either species. In blue oak previously unexposed to O3, short-term acute O3exposure significantly enhanced nocturnal transpiration (2.0×) relative to leaves unexposed to O3. California black oak was unresponsive to (only) short-term acute O3exposure. Daytime chronic and/or acute O3exposures can increase foliar water loss at night in deciduous oak seedlings.

scholarly journals The Effects of Different Sizes of Tree Shelters on Blue Oak (Quercus douglasii) Growth

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas D. McCreary ◽  
Jerry Tecklin
Keyword(s):  
Field Performance ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Quercus Douglasii ◽  
Tree Shelters ◽  
Blue Oak ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stock Types ◽  
Time Required

Abstract Tree shelters have been used effectively in many locations to establish a wide range of tree species including oaks. However, their efficacy in Mediterranean climates like the hardwood rangelands of California has not been thoroughly tested. This study evaluated the field performance of blue oak (Quercus douglasii)—a species that is reported to be regenerating poorly in many locations in the state—protected by several sizes of tree shelters and compared response of directly sown acorns to that of 4-month-old transplants. After five growing seasons, seedlings in all sizes of tree shelters are larger than their unprotected counterparts. Tree shelters have been especially effective in promoting rapid height growth. However, regardless of tree shelter size, when seedlings grew above the tops of the shelters, average height growth diminished and diameter growth increased. Differences among stock types were relatively small, although transplants tended to perform better than directly sown acorns. These results suggest that tree shelters can greatly reduce the time required by seedlings to grow to a size where they are less vulnerable to browsing. As such, they appear to be a promising tool in efforts to regenerate blue oak in California. West. J. Appl. For. 16(4):153-158.

Survival of Planted Oak Seedlings is Improved by Herbaceous Weed Control

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Ezell ◽  
Jimmie L. Yeiser ◽  
Larry R. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
First Year ◽  
Competition Control ◽  
Herbaceous Weed Control ◽  
Survival Differences ◽  
Over The Top ◽  
Control Survival ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Sulfometuron was applied at 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 kg ai/ha over the top of oak seedlings. Three separate field studies were completed. In 1997, 0.1 and 0.2 kg ai/ha was applied PRE over six oak species. In 1998 and 1999, 0.1 and 0.15 kg ai/ha were applied PRE and 0.1 kg ai/ha was applied POST over two species of oaks. Results demonstrate that first-year survival of oak seedlings is greater in areas which receive competition control. Survival was 21 to 44% greater in treated areas as compared to nontreated areas. Observations indicate that survival differences are increased in droughty years. Competition control appears essential to obtaining desirable levels of survival when oak seedlings are planted in areas with established herbaceous competition.

Selective feeding of pine voles on roots of tree seedlings

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Schreiber ◽  
R. K. Swihart
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Quercus Alba ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Yellow Poplar ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Field Evidence ◽  
Microtus Pinetorum ◽  
Belowground Herbivory ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Previous studies have implicated numerous physical and biotic factors as contributing to the failure of oak to regenerate successfully throughout substantial portions of eastern North America. Recent field evidence in southern Indiana implicated belowground herbivory by pine voles ( Microtus pinetorum (LeConte, 1830)) as a potentially important but overlooked mortality agent for oak seedlings. We used cafeteria-style feeding trials to determine whether selection of hardwood seedlings by captive pine voles differed according to species or age. White oak ( Quercus alba L.) was selected more frequently and experienced a greater proportion of root removal by pine voles than same-age seedlings of the other four species tested. Yellow poplar ( Liriodendron tulipifera L.) was never eaten. White oak seedlings 3 and 6 weeks of age suffered proportionately greater root removal than conspecific seedlings 12 and 15 weeks of age; pine voles removed roughly constant levels of root biomass irrespective of seedling age. Our results confirm that pine voles selectively feed on oak seedlings. In areas where pine voles are abundant, belowground herbivory could limit regeneration of oak by reducing seedling growth and survival. The importance of pine voles as factors influencing the success of oak regeneration warrants closer scrutiny in future field studies.

scholarly journals Blue oak seedlings may be older than they look

1996 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph L. Phillips ◽  
Neil K. McDougald ◽  
Richard B. Standiford ◽  
William E. Frost
Keyword(s):  
Blue Oak ◽  
Oak Seedlings

scholarly journals The Effect of Polypropylene Tree Shelters on Growth and Survival of Pedunculate Oak Seedlings (Quercus robur L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Liović ◽  
Željko Tomašić ◽  
Tomislav Dubravac ◽  
Robert Licht ◽  
Matej Turk
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Artificial Regeneration ◽  
Tree Shelters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Background and Purpose: The declining and dieback of lowland oak forests as the result of global climate change, as well as the attack of various pathogenic organisms, industrial pollution, and other negative effects reduce acorn yield and will continue to do so in the future. As a result of this fact, the areas on which artificial regeneration will be applied by planting seedlings will have to be increased. The artificial regeneration process is more expensive than the natural one, so protection measures need to be applied to minimize the loss of young seedlings. Materials and Methods: Experimental plots were set up in the forest area of Spačva Basin. A completely randomized block design experiment in four repetitions was used, in which four variants of planting and protection of oak seedlings were examined. We tested polypropylene tree shelters and hydrophilic superabsorbent based on maize starch. Heights of the plants were measured by measuring tape, and survival was registered by numbering of dead and living plants. For statistical purposes, we have used analysis of variance (repeated measure ANOVA), which allows us to prove statistically significant difference between morphological traits of studied variants. Results: Two years after planting, the lowest level of survival was found in unprotected seedlings (79.5%), while tree shelters provided the best conditions for seedlings survival (88.75%). In the case with the hydrophilic granules Zeba the result is slightly worse. When analyzing average height in a particular case, significantly higher plants are recorded in cases where the polypropylene tree shelters are used. The average height, with tree shelters (128.27 cm), is more than three times higher than the unprotected seedlings (37.97 cm). The addition of hydrophilic granules did not show a statistically significant difference. In cases where the seedlings were not under the tree shelter protection, the effect of hydrophilic granules was also not statistically significant. Conclusions: Sheltering accelerated the height growth of the planted oaks substantially and also provided best conditions for seedlings survival. During the research period the usage of Zeba did not justify the purpose for which it was applied. Although the first results are promising in order to gain a complete insight into the potential of tree shelters it is necessary to record the changes and maintain the experiment for a further 2-3 years with quantification of other harmful factors that may appear (drought, game etc.) after which a more reliable judgment regarding their usefulness could be provided.

Tree Shelters Increase Heights of Planted Oaks in a Michigan Clearcut

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas O. Lantagne ◽  
Carl W. Ramm ◽  
Donald I. Dickmann
Keyword(s):  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Tree Seedling ◽  
Tree Shelters ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Shelterwood Cut ◽  
Plus Tree ◽  
Brush Control ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Abstract A shelterwood cut, applied in 1954, failed to adequately regenerate oaks on an upland site in southern Michigan. At age 22, the stand, dominated by dogwood, red maple, black cherry, and other low-quality species, was clearcut and planted to 2-0 northern red oak seedlings. Four treatments included: control (clearcut harvest only), woody brush control, plastic tree seedling shelters, and woody brush control plus tree seedling shelters. The northern red oak seedlings planted in tree shelters were 42% taller than unsheltered seedlings after 2 growing seasons. Over 64% of sheltered seedlings were 3 ft high or taller, compared to only 22% of the unsheltered seedlings, after 2 growing seasons. Woody brush control appeared to have no effect on the 2-year height of planted red oak. North. J. Appl. For. 7(1):24-26, March 1990.

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