scholarly journals A better tick-control trap: Modified bait tube controls disease-carrying ticks and fleas

1998 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Lane ◽  
Leslie E. Casher ◽  
Chindi A. Peavey ◽  
Joseph Piesman
Keyword(s):  
Tick Control ◽  
Control Trap

scholarly journals Efficacy of two commercial synthetic pyrethroids (cypermethrin and deltamethrin) on Amblyomma variegatum and Rhipicephalus microplus strains of the south-western region of Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Achille S. Ouedraogo ◽  
Olivier M. Zannou ◽  
Abel S. Biguezoton ◽  
Kouassi Yao Patrick ◽  
Adrien M. G. Belem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Amblyomma Variegatum ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroid ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Control Problems ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Western Region

AbstractSince 2011, period of the livestock invasion by the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus in Burkina Faso (BF), tick-control problems were exacerbated. Based on farmer’s reports, most commonly used commercial acaricides were found to be ineffective in Western South part of the country. To investigate the occurrence and extent of such acaricidal ineffectiveness, we performed the standardized larval packet test (LPT) with commercial deltamethrin (vectocid) and cypermethrin (cypertop), on two cattle tick species, the native Amblyomma variegatum and the invasive R. microplus. The resistance ratios (RR) were computed with susceptible Hounde strain of Rhipicephalus geigyi as reference. The R. microplus population showed resistance to the two acaricides tested with the highest lethal concentration (LC) values, and different resistance ratios higher than 4 (deltamethrin: RR50 = 28.18 and RR90 = 32.41; cypermethrin: RR50 = 8.79 and RR90 = 23.15). In the contrary, A. variegatum population was found to be highly susceptible to acaricides tested with low lethal concentrations and resistance ratio values (deltamethrin: RR50 = 0.5 and RR90 = 0.48; cypermethrin: RR50 = 0.68 and RR90 = 0.79). These data demonstrate high synthetic pyrethroid resistance in R. microplus strain, leading to conclude that the acaricide ineffectiveness in tick populations control remains a concern in BF.

Effect of Prescribed Fire for Tick Control in California Chaparral

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1138-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Padgett ◽  
L. E. Casher ◽  
S. L. Stephens ◽  
R. S. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Tick Control

Synthetic Pyrethroid, Natural Product, and Entomopathogenic Fungal Acaricide Product Formulations for Sustained Early Season Suppression of Host-Seeking Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) and Amblyomma americanum Nymphs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry L Schulze ◽  
Robert A Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Product ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Amblyomma Americanum ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroid ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Host Seeking

Abstract We compared the ability of product formulations representing a synthetic pyrethroid acaricide (Talstar P Professional Insecticide), a natural product-based acaricide (Essentria IC3), and an entomopathogenic fungal acaricide (Met52 EC Bioinsecticide) to suppress Ixodes scapularis Say and Amblyomma americanum (L.) nymphs when applied following USEPA approved manufacturers’ label recommendations for tick control using hand-pumped knapsack sprayers before the beginning of their seasonal activity period in the spring. We applied Met52 EC Bioinsecticide (11% Metarhizium anisopliae Strain F52) to five 100 m2 plots (10.6 ml AI/plot) in mid-April 2020. Two weeks later at the end of April 2020, we treated an additional five 100 m2 plots each with either Talstar P Professional Insecticide (7.9% bifenthrin @ 2.5 ml AI/plot) or Essentria IC3 (10% rosemary oil, 5% geraniol, and 2% peppermint oil @ 86.6 ml AI/plot). Weekly sampling of all plots through the end of June 2020 showed that both Met52 EC Bioinsecticide and Essentria IC3 failed to maintain a 90% suppression threshold for I. scapularis, compared to control plots, and required two additional applications over the course of the trial. In contrast, Talstar P Professional Insecticide suppressed 100% of I. scapularis nymphs and ≥96 and 100% of A. americanum nymphs and adults, respectively. Such pre-season applications of synthetic pyrethroids significantly reduce the early season acarological risk for exposure to host-seeking ticks as well as the frequency of acaricide applications.

scholarly journals The use of herbal preparations for tick control in western Ethiopia

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Regassa
Keyword(s):  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Boophilus Decoloratus ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
Cattle Faeces ◽  
Peasant Farmers ◽  
Western Ethiopia

Information on the traditional tick control methods used in Keffa, Illubabor and Wellega Provinces in western Ethiopia was obtained from 86 veterinary clinics and 865 peasant farmers through a questionnaire survey. Latexes of Euphorbia obovalifolia and Ficus brachypoda, juice of crushed leaves of Phytolaca dodecandra and Vernonia amygdalina, fruit juice of Solanum incanum, crushed seeds of Lepidium sativum mixed with fresh cattle faeces, juice of crushed leaves and bark of Calpurnea aurea and commercially available spice of Capsicum spp. mixed with butter, were used by peasant farmers to control ticks. Preliminary in vitro efficacy tests of these plant preparations were performed on engorged female Boophilus decoloratus. Preparations of Capsicum spp., E. obovalifolia, S. incanum and F. brachypoda were found to have 30-100 % killing effects. Subsequently, in vivo treatment trials of these preparations were conducted using indigenous Bos indicus cattle naturally infested with ticks. Results indicate that treatments at the rate of once per day for 5 consecutive days with the latexes of E. obovalifolia and F. brachypoda can reduce tick burdens by up to 70 % on cattle.

scholarly journals Questing ixodid ticks on the vegetation of sable antelope and multi-herbivore enclosures in Thabazimbi

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
André C. Uys ◽  
Ivan G. Horak ◽  
Alan Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
First Year ◽  
Potential Vector ◽  
The Face ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Grassland Habitats

This survey of ixodid ticks was the first to compare the species composition and population dynamics of free-living ticks in intensive, sable antelope breeding enclosures, now commonplace in commercial wildlife ranching in South Africa, with those of multi-herbivore enclosures. The species composition, abundance and seasonal abundance of questing ixodid ticks on the vegetation in intensive breeding enclosures for sable antelope (Hippotragus niger), on which strategic tick control is practised, were compared with those of ticks in a multi-species herbivore enclosure surrounding the breeding enclosures in which no tick control is practised. A total of eight ixodid tick species were collected by drag-sampling the woodland and grassland habitats in each enclosure type monthly from July 2011 to July 2013. Rhipicephalus decoloratus, a potential vector of fatal tick-borne disease in sable antelopes, was the most abundant, accounting for 65.4% of the total number of ticks collected in the sable enclosures, whilst representing only 25.4% of number of ticks collected in the multi-species herbivore enclosure. Rhipicephalus decoloratus and R. evertsi evertsi were more abundant than R. appendiculatus (both p < 0.05) and Amblyomma hebraeum (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). Rhipicephalus decoloratus larvae were collected throughout the year, with peak collections in November 2012 and October to December 2013 in the sable enclosures; and in April/May 2012 and February/April 2013 in the multi-species herbivore enclosure. More R. decoloratus were recovered in the second year than in the first year in the grassland habitat of the sable enclosures (V = 7.0, p < 0.05) possibly as a result of acaricide resistance. The apparent temporal over-abundance of R. decoloratus in sable antelope breeding enclosures, in the face of strategic tick control, is of concern and requires further investigation.

The use of a recombinant baculovirus expressing a chitinase from the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis and its potential application as a bioacaricide for tick control

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Severine P. Assenga ◽  
Myungjo You ◽  
Chee Huey Shy ◽  
Junya Yamagishi ◽  
Takeshi Sakaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Application ◽  
Recombinant Baculovirus ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Hard Tick ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis

scholarly journals How Dopamine Influences Survival and Cellular Immune Response of Rhipicephalus microplus Inoculated with Metarhizium anisopliae

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 950
Author(s):  
Thaís Almeida Corrêa ◽  
Jéssica Fiorotti ◽  
Emily Mesquita ◽  
Laura Nóbrega Meirelles ◽  
Mariana Guedes Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Phenoloxidase Activity ◽  
Cellular Immune

Dopamine (DA) is a biogenic monoamine reported to modulate insect hemocytes. Although the immune functions of DA are known in insects, there is a lack of knowledge of DA’s role in the immune system of ticks. The use of Metarhizium anisopliae has been considered for tick control, driving studies on the immune response of these arthropods challenged with fungi. The present study evaluated the effect of DA on the cellular immune response and survival of Rhipicephalus microplus inoculated with M. anisopliae blastospores. Exogenous DA increased both ticks’ survival 72 h after M. anisopliae inoculation and the number of circulating hemocytes compared to the control group, 24 h after the treatment. The phagocytic index of tick hemocytes challenged with M. anisopliae did not change upon injection of exogenous DA. Phenoloxidase activity in the hemolymph of ticks injected with DA and the fungus or exclusively with DA was higher than in untreated ticks or ticks inoculated with the fungus alone, 72 h after treatment. DA was detected in the hemocytes of fungus-treated and untreated ticks. Unveiling the cellular immune response in ticks challenged with entomopathogenic fungi is important to improve strategies for the biological control of these ectoparasites.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Control of Congo Fever in Sacrificial Animals of Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
Muhammad Sohail Sajid ◽  
Haider Abbas ◽  
Muhammad Fiaz Qamar ◽  
Qaiser Akram
Keyword(s):  
Tick Control ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
And Control ◽  
Successful Prevention ◽  
Venereal Transmission

The cases and deaths due to Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) [49] virus commonly known as Congo virus (fatality rate 15%) have been reported throughout Pakistan from the last five years especially during religious occasion, Eid-ul-Azha. The annual increase in death rates due to CCHF demonstrate the importance of awareness of Congo fever at academia as well as public level. The symptoms of Congo fever which appear one to nine days after tick bite, include sudden high fever, muscle aches, abdominal pain, headache, dizziness, sore eyes, jaundice, mood swings, confusion, aggression, and sensitivity to light. The other signs include sore throat, joint pain, vomiting, diarrhea, hemorrhages, and bleeding from skin and large intestine. The Infection has been reported in many species of wild as well as domestic animals including hares, cattle, sheep, goats, dogs, mice and hedgehogs. At least 31 species of Hyalomma, Boophilus, Rhipicephalus, Dermacentor (Ixodidae: hard ticks) act as vector of CCHF in which transovarial, transstadial and venereal transmission occurs. The virus attacks the immune system of the host and influences the immune cells. The Congo fever virus can be isolated from blood, plasma and many body tissues (kidneys, liver, spleen, lungs, brain and bone marrow). Mice inoculation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) can be used for detection of the infection. Furthermore, IgM and IgG antibodies against CCHFV can also be detected and quantified. Education of general public, tick control with acaricides, use of anti-CCHFV immunoglobulin, usage of approved repellents to prevent tick bites, wearing neutral-coloured garments, application of a permethrin spray to the clothing, avoiding tall grasses and shrubs, applying sunscreen, avoiding direct contact with the blood or tissues of animals are the factors for successful prevention of the infection.

scholarly journals Tick incidence in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 89 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mildred Cortés ◽  
Alberto Pantoja ◽  
Wilfredo Robles ◽  
José Pantoja
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Milk Cows ◽  
Average Annual Cost

Incidence of tick infestation in Puerto Rico was evaluated, as well as control mechanisms, and economic losses due to ticks in dairy herds. Data were obtained by means of questionnaire information from 261 dairy herds representing 85% of all dairies in Puerto Rico. Seventy-one percent of those interviewed confirmed tick infestation in their herds. To control tick infestation 97% used fumigation of animals; 8%, fumigation of structures. The most common method used for pesticide application (73%) was by fumigating animals in chutes by using a pump. Tick incidence was 72% in dry cows and 54% in milk cows. Poisson regression analysis showed no significant differences in mortality rates between the northeast and northwest zones of the island. Differences were found among municipalities. The average annual cost of the tick control program that farmers maintained was $28.09 per cow but mortality losses are much more costly.

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