scholarly journals Immunocytochemical characterization of tension wood: Gelatinous fibers contain more than just cellulose

2008 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 655-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Bowling ◽  
Kevin C. Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
Tension Wood ◽  
Gelatinous Fibers

scholarly journals ANATOMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TENSION WOOD IN Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Mull. Arg.

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1099-1107
Author(s):  
Letícia Maria Alves Ramos ◽  
João Vicente de Figueiredo Latorraca ◽  
Thayanne Caroline Castor Neto ◽  
Letícia Souza Martins ◽  
Elias Taylor Durgante Severo
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Tension Wood ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Longitudinal Distribution ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Gelatinous Fibers ◽  
Gelatinous Fiber

ABSTRACT Tension wood is an important anatomical structure for its participation in the orientation of the trunk and the architecture of the branches as a function of structural reinforcement. However, its presence in large amounts significantly affects the technological properties of wood, just as in the rubber tree. Nevertheless, there is still demand for information about the origin, distribution and structural features in this species. Thus, this study aims to characterize the cellular structures in tension and opposite wood in Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree), as well as its radial and longitudinal distribution. Discs at the base and the middle of the commercial logs were collected from three trees in a commercial plantation located in Tabapoã - SP. Tangential diameter of vessels, fiber length (gelatinous and non-gelatinous fibers), microfibril angle and proportionality of cellular elements (vessels, axial parenchyma, ray, gelatinous fibers and non-gelatinous fibers) were measured, and influence of gelatinous fiber presence in vessel diameter was observed. Gelatinous fibers were observed in the two types of wood and in the two trunk heights. Both types of wood were distinguished by gelatinous fiber length and the proportion of axial parenchyma. The tension wood in mid-trunk was the most different, with long gelatinous fibers and less abundant, larger vessel diameter and vessel proportion. Moreover, smaller vessel diameter was observed in the regions with a high proportion of gelatinous fibers, suggesting that the plant invests more support than in liquid transport.

Xylogénèse chez les Dicotylédones arborescentes. V. Formation du bois de tension et transport de l'acide indole acétique tritié chez le Hêtre

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1253-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Lachaud
Keyword(s):  
Tension Wood ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Lower Side ◽  
Preferential Direction ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Gelatinous Fibers ◽  
Fagus Silvatica ◽  
Normal Transport ◽  
Bois De Tension

Upper stems of young beeches (Fagus silvatica L.) were bent into Jaccard loops in May. If they stayed on the tree, they produced a wide arc of extreme tension wood on the upper side of the loop, which contained numerous gelatinous fibers, few vessels, and little axial parenchyma. On the lower side of these loops, xylogenesis was nearly stopped. If bent stems were removed from the tree, xylogenesis was far less asymmetric: the wood formed on the upper side contained normal vessels and axial parenchyma, but also gelatinous fibers; on the lower side, the wood was normal. Transport and metabolism of 3H-labelled indole acetic acid was studied in both models. In intact loops left on the trees, lateral auxin transport took place mainly towards the lower half of the stem. In isolated loops, no preferential direction could be detected for lateral auxin transport. Extreme tension wood differentiation on the upper side of a bent stem requires the intervention of correlative factors, not only from buds, but also from the base of the tree, which particularly influence lateral downward transport of auxin.

Characterization of a Gel in the Cell Wall To Elucidate the Paradoxical Shrinkage of Tension Wood

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 494-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Clair ◽  
Joseph Gril ◽  
Francesco Di Renzo ◽  
Hiroyuki Yamamoto ◽  
Françoise Quignard
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Tension Wood

Comparison of basic density and longitudinal shrinkage in tension wood and opposite wood in young stems of Populus euramericana cv. Ghoy when subjected to a gravitational stimulus

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1676-1683 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Jourez ◽  
A Riboux ◽  
A Leclercq
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tension Wood ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Longitudinal Shrinkage ◽  
Wood Tissue ◽  
Populus Euramericana ◽  
Opposite Wood ◽  
Gelatinous Fibers ◽  
Poplar Cuttings

In a greenhouse, under controlled conditions, young shoots, taken from poplar cuttings (Populus euramericana (Dole) Guinier cv. Ghoy), were artificially bent to quantify the modifications of physical properties induced by a gravitational stimulus. At the end of the growing season, basic density and longitudinal shrinkage were measured on very small samples taken from pure tension wood tissue observed on the upper face of the inclined axis and compared with opposite wood tissue, free of gelatinous fibers, developed on the opposite lower face. In a second step, shoots bent at two different lean intensities were analyzed. In young poplar wood, gravitational stimulus was found to have a significant effect on physical properties. Relations between basic density and longitudinal shrinkage are different depending on the types of wood considered. Shrinkage appears more sensitive to lean intensity in the range considered here.

scholarly journals Localization of xyloglucan epitopes in the gelatinous layer of developing and mature gelatinous fibers of European aspen (Populus tremula L.) tension wood

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 7675-7686
Author(s):  
Jong Sik Kim ◽  
Geoffrey Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Tension Wood ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Immunogold Localization ◽  
Gelatinous Layer ◽  
Gelatinous Fibers ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
European Aspen ◽  
Innermost Layer ◽  
Specific Localization ◽  
Populus Spp

There is controversy concerning the presence of xyloglucans in gelatinous (G) layers of Populus spp. tension wood, particularly in mature G-fibers. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) immunogold localization combined with LM15 antibody (recognizes XXXG-motif of xyloglucans, heptasaccharide) was used to investigate the distribution of xyloglucan epitopes in both transverse and radial sections of P. tremula tension wood. Results provided clear evidence for the presence of xyloglucans in both mature and developing G-layers. Developmental decrease of LM15 epitope localization in G-layers was also detected during G-fiber maturation. High magnification TEM observations showed specific localization of LM15 epitopes on newly synthesized cellulose macrofibrils present in the innermost layer of developing G-layers adjacent to the cell lumen, suggesting linkage between xyloglucans and cellulose macrofibrils. Possible mechanisms were discussed for developmental changes of xyloglucan with respect to the different results reported in the literature.

Detection in situ and characterization of lignin in the G -layer of tension wood fibres of Populus deltoides

Planta ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 219 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Paul Joseleau ◽  
Takanori Imai ◽  
Katsushi Kuroda ◽  
Katia Ruel
Keyword(s):  
Tension Wood ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Wood Fibres

Morphological Characterization of Mycobacteriophage R1

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
B. L. Soloff ◽  
T. A. Rado
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Logarithmic Growth Phase ◽  
Complete Lysis ◽  
Lysogenic Culture ◽  
Logarithmic Growth

Mycobacteriophage R1 was originally isolated from a lysogenic culture of M. butyricum. The virus was propagated on a leucine-requiring derivative of M. smegmatis, 607 leu−, isolated by nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis of typestrain ATCC 607. Growth was accomplished in a minimal medium containing glycerol and glucose as carbon source and enriched by the addition of 80 μg/ ml L-leucine. Bacteria in early logarithmic growth phase were infected with virus at a multiplicity of 5, and incubated with aeration for 8 hours. The partially lysed suspension was diluted 1:10 in growth medium and incubated for a further 8 hours. This permitted stationary phase cells to re-enter logarithmic growth and resulted in complete lysis of the culture.

AEM analysis of crystallization in Ti-based amorphous alloys

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
A.R. Pelton ◽  
A.F. Marshall ◽  
Y.S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Amorphous Alloys ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Isothermal Annealing ◽  
Amorphous Matrix ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Amorphous Films ◽  
Electrical And Magnetic Properties

Amorphous materials are of current interest due to their desirable mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties. Furthermore, crystallizing amorphous alloys provides an avenue for discerning sequential and competitive phases thus allowing access to otherwise inaccessible crystalline structures. Previous studies have shown the benefits of using AEM to determine crystal structures and compositions of partially crystallized alloys. The present paper will discuss the AEM characterization of crystallized Cu-Ti and Ni-Ti amorphous films.Cu60Ti40: The amorphous alloy Cu60Ti40, when continuously heated, forms a simple intermediate, macrocrystalline phase which then transforms to the ordered, equilibrium Cu3Ti2 phase. However, contrary to what one would expect from kinetic considerations, isothermal annealing below the isochronal crystallization temperature results in direct nucleation and growth of Cu3Ti2 from the amorphous matrix.

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