scholarly journals Amphitropical disjunctions in New World Menthinae: Three Pliocene dispersals to South America following late Miocene dispersal to North America from the Old World

2017 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 1695-1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan T. Drew ◽  
Sitong Liu ◽  
Jose M. Bonifacino ◽  
Kenneth J. Sytsma
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
New World ◽  
Old World

scholarly journals Multiple Introductions of the Old World Begomovirus Tomato yellow leaf curl virus into the New World

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (21) ◽  
pp. 7114-7117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siobain Duffy ◽  
Edward C. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
New World ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Old World ◽  
Multiple Introductions ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl

ABSTRACT A phylogenetic analysis of three genomic regions revealed that Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) from western North America is distinct from TYLCV isolated in eastern North America and the Caribbean. This analysis supports a second introduction of this Old World begomovirus into the New World, most likely from Asia.

scholarly journals Salvia reflexa (Lamiaceae): a new record for Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Wahid Hussain ◽  
Lal Badshah ◽  
Sayed Afzal Shah ◽  
Farrukh Hussain ◽  
Asghar Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
New Record ◽  
New World ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Tribal Areas

Salvia reflexa Hornem., a member of the New World subgenus Calosphace, ranges from North America to southern South America, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and Afghanistan in Asia, and still continues to expand its range. Here we report further range expansion for S. reflexa into the tribal areas of Pakistan and hypothesize that it has been introduced from Afghanistan. This represents a new record for the flora of Pakistan.

Negative concord in the Old and New World: Evidence from Scotland

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Smith
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
North America ◽  
New World ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Negative Concord ◽  
Old World ◽  
Colonization Period

In this article, I conduct a quantitative analysis of negative concord in Buckie, a relic dialect from the northeast of Scotland, and compare these findings with transported varieties of English in North America. Two major results arise from the analysis. First, Buckie has high rates of use of negative concord to indeterminates within the same clause, as do all the dialects included in the study. Second, negative concord in other environments is found in certain varieties in the New World that have no counterparts in the Old World. I suggest that the quantitative similarities can be explained in terms of the primitive status of negative concord in vernacular varieties of English, in combination with a shared linguistic heritage during the colonial period. The qualitative differences demonstrate that contexts of linguistic heterogeneity in North America during the early colonization period led to an extension and restructuring of the original rules.

New Late Miocene Dromomerycine Artiodactyl from the Amazon Basin: Implications for Interchange Dynamics

2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald R. Prothero ◽  
Kenneth E. Campbell ◽  
Brian L. Beatty ◽  
Carl D. Frailey
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Isthmus Of Panama ◽  
Great American Biotic Interchange ◽  
American Immigrant ◽  
Early Late ◽  
Ground Sloths

A new dromomerycine palaeomerycid artiodactyl, Surameryx acrensis new genus new species, from upper Miocene deposits of the Amazon Basin documents the first and only known occurrence of this Northern Hemisphere group in South America. Osteological characters place the new taxon among the earliest known dromomerycine artiodactyls, most similar to Barbouromeryx trigonocorneus, which lived in North America during the early to middle Miocene, 20–16 Ma. Although it has long been assumed that the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI) began with the closure of the Isthmus of Panama in the late Pliocene, or ca. 3.0–2.5 Ma, the presence of this North American immigrant in Amazonia is further evidence that terrestrial connections between North America and South America through Panama existed as early as the early late Miocene, or ca. 9.5 Ma. This early interchange date was previously indicated by approximately coeval specimens of proboscideans, peccaries, and tapirs in South America and ground sloths in North America. Although palaeomerycids apparently never flourished in South America, proboscideans thrived there until the end of the Pleistocene, and peccaries and tapirs diversified and still live there today.

Interaction between Chrysomya rufifacies and Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae): the possible consequences of an invasion

1992 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Wells ◽  
Bernard Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
New World ◽  
Chrysomya Rufifacies ◽  
Old World ◽  
Blow Flies ◽  
Chrysomya Albiceps ◽  
Cochliomyia Macellaria

AbstractFour Old World blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann), C. putoria Wiedemann, C. megacephala (Fabricius), and C. rufifacies (Macquart), have recently invaded the New World. The interaction of Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) with native carrion flies in Texas, USA, was investigated by reducing oviposition by the invader on rabbit carcasses outdoors. These carcasses produced significantly more Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) adults compared to carcasses on which the invader was not reduced. The results suggest that C. macellaria populations will decline where the two species co-occur. They also support the hypothesis that the carrion community is saturated with species, and provide a mechanism for the possible elimination of Lucilia caesar (Linnaeus) in Madeira and the reduction of C. macellaria in South America by Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann).

scholarly journals ДУША КОЩЕЯ. ВРЕМЯ И ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬНОСТЬ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ ФОЛЬКЛОРНЫХ МОТИВОВ, ОБЪЯСНЯЮЩИХ НЕУЯЗВИМОСТЬ ПЕРСОНАЖА

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Berezkin
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
New World ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
Bering Strait ◽  
Old World ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Inner Organs ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Фольклорные мотивы «внешней души» (персонаж умирает, когда уничтожены какой-то предмет или существо) и «ахиллесовой пяты» (уязвимое место персонажа находится на его теле, а не во внутренних органах) используются для объяснения смертности/бессмертия персонажа. Как и 2700 других, мировое распределение которых отражено в нашей электронной базе данных, эти мотивы являются не порождением универсального «первобытного сознания», а продуктом конкретных исторических процессов и обстоятельств. Цель статьи – определить эпоху и регион их первоначального распространения. Для этого сопоставлены материалы по Новому и Старому Свету. В Центральной и Южной Африке, в Австралии и Меланезии данные мотивы редки или вовсе отсутствуют, поэтому их появление уже в эпоху выхода-из-Африки невероятно. «Ахиллесова пята» обычна в текстах северо- и южноамериканских индейцев, включая огнеземельцев, тогда как ее евразийский ареал сильно разрежен. «Внешняя душа» популярна в пределах большей части Евразии, но в Америке встречается только к северу от Рио-Гранде. В последние тысячелетия на территории Старого Света мотив «ахиллесовой пяты» был, по-видимому, в основном вытеснен мотивом «внешней души», а в Америке сохранился благодаря ее изоляции от Евразии. Оба мотива были принесены в Новый Свет на ранних этапах его заселения. Их почти полное отсутствие в северо-восточной Азии и на северо-западе Северной Америки исключает позднюю диффузию через Берингов пролив. Соответственно возраст данных мотивов в Евразии должен превышать 15 тыс. лет, причем «ахиллесова пята», вероятно, древнее. Отсутствие или редкость этих мотивов в фольклоре народов северо-востока Сибири, где они должны были быть известны накануне их переноса в Новый Свет, согласуется с данными о значительных изменениях в генофонде населения Сибири в течение голоцена. Усложненный вариант «внешней души» с последовательным вложением животных и предметов, являющихся ее вместилищами, в Америке отсутствует. Он распространился лишь после античной эпохи в контексте волшебной сказки.The “external soul” (person dies when some object or creature is destroyed) and the “Achilles heel” (The only vulnerable spot is near the surface of person’s body and not in his inner organs) are folklore motifs used to explain why a particular person cannot be killed or how he can be killed. As other 2700 motifs which global distribution is demonstrated in our database, the “external soul” and the “Achilles heel” are a product not of the universal “primitive mind” but of particular historical processes and circumstances and we try to reveal the age and region of their initial spread. In Central and South Africa, Australia and Melanesia both motifs are rare or totally absent. This makes improbable their origin in the Out-of-Africa time. The “Achilles heel” is often found in North and South America but its Eurasian area is sporadic. On the contrary, the “external soul” is very popular across most of Eurasia but in the New World it, is found only in North but not in South America. It looks plausible that in the Old World the motif of “Achilles heel” was mostly ousted by the “external soul” being preserved in the New World thanks to its isolation from Eurasia. The lack or rarity of these motifs in the Northeast Asia and in Alaska and American Arctic excludes, possibility of their late diffusion across Bering Strait. Because both motifs were brought to America by the early migrants, their age in Eurasia must exceed 15,000 years, the “Achilles heel” being probably older. At the time of the peopling of America, both motifs had to be well known to the oral traditions of the Northeast Asia. Their rarity or absence there in historic time is in conformity with significant differences between genetic samples of Early and Late Holocene populations of Siberia. The complicated version of the “external soul” according to which a life essence is hidden in a series of objects and beings, one inside the other, is absent in America. Such a variant probably spread across the Old World after the end of antiquity being used in fairytales.

A Note on the Occurrence of Catallagia dacenkoi Ioff in North America, with the Description of a Nearctic Subspecies (Siphonaptera: Neopsyllidae)

1951 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 156-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
George P. Holland
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
New World ◽  
Altai Mountains ◽  
Host Association ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
Old World ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
Northern Canada ◽  
Close Affinity ◽  
Central Russia

As the flea fauna of mammals of northern North America becomes better known, its very close affinity with that of temperate and northern Asia becomes more apparent. Many of the genera are holarctic and are associated with holarctic genera of mammals. In a few instances, the fleas of the Old World and the New World are so similar in morphological details and host association that they are regarded as subspecies. For example, Amphipsylla sibirica (Wagner), Malaraeus penicilliger (Grube), Megabothris calcarifer (Wagner), and Hoplopsyllus glacialis (Taschenberg) have representatives in both the nearctic and the palaearctic regions. To this list must now be added Catallagia dacenkoi Ioff, a parasite of Microtinae; this species was described originally (Ioff, 1940, pp. 216-217) from the Altai Mountains of central Russia, and a new subspecies has now been discovered in northern Canada and Alaska.

Some Amerasian Pottery Traits in North Asian Prehistory

1953 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Tolstoy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
New World ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Old World ◽  
The Subject

Asiatic origins have, at one time or another, been suggested or at least considered for a number of traits connected with the manufacture and decoration of the earlier New World pottery. The well-known paper by McKern (1937) is among the most explicit statements on the subject. Griffin (1946; Sears and Griffin 1950a) has held similar views for some time. Like McKern, he has primarily in mind traits of the Woodland pattern of eastern North America, although he also mentions some non-Woodland traits among those which have counterparts in the Old World (1946, p. 45).Since McKern's paper, the distribution in time of the traits involved has become a lot better established. With the help of the still suspiciously regarded radiocarbon dates, our perspective on ceramic history in the United States has been extended over a span which appears to be that of some four millennia. Among the more significant additions to the Asiatic half of the distributional picture first place must be given to recent Soviet work in eastern Siberia.

Jumping spider phylogeny (Araneae : Salticidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne P. Maddison ◽  
Marshal C. Hedin
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
North America ◽  
New World ◽  
Jumping Spider ◽  
Old World ◽  
Jumping Spiders

A phylogenetic analysis of five sequenced genes (28S, 16S, EF1-α, CO1, ND1) from 81 genera of jumping spiders (Salticidae) and five outgroups supports the monophyly of the Dendryphantinae and Euophryinae and refines the concepts of the Plexippinae and Pelleninae. The clade that excludes lyssomanines and spartaeines and contains the bulk of salticid species is formally named as the Salticoida. The previously proposed clade delimited by an embolus articulated and separated from the tegulum by a developed distal hematodocha (as opposed to fused immovably to the tegulum) is rejected, suggesting the 'free embolus' evolved independently several times. Three major clades are discovered, the Marpissoida (including Dendryphantinae, Marpissinae and smaller groups such as synagelines), the Plexippoida (plexippines plus pellenines) and the Amycoida (including Amycinae, Sitticinae, Hyetusseae, Hurieae, Synemosyninae). The amycoids form a large neotropical radiation from which only a single known group (Sitticus and Attulus) has reached the Old World. The marpissoids also constitute a major New World group with relatively few species in the Old World. In contrast, the Plexippoida is predominantly an Old World group (except for the spectacular radiation of Habronattus in North America), as is the Heliophaninae. These results suggest that much of salticid diversification occurred after the separation of the continents of the Old World and New World.

The End of the Old World

1992 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Nader
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
World Wide ◽  
New World ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Research Publication ◽  
Old World ◽  
The Past ◽  
World Geography ◽  
The Impact

We are now, in 1992, searching to find the meaning of an event 500 years distant in time. For us as Americans the importance of the Columbian voyages is obvious. In the past ten years the great wealth of research, publication, and debate on ancient American cultures has made the impact on the Americas abundantly clear.For Europe the impact is much less clear. We say that the old world ended almost immediately, that a new world came into being when Europe ended its isolation from America. By this we mean that European perceptions of world geography began to change as early as 1498 —not just dotting the map of the Ocean Sea with more islands, but perceiving that South America was a continent whose existence was never imagined by the ancients. We also mean that the natural world began changing from the old world of two separate ecologies into a new world-wide environment.

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