scholarly journals Floral function: effects of traits on pollinators, male and female pollination success, and female fitness across three species of milkweeds ( Asclepias )

2017 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffica J. La Rosa ◽  
Jeffrey K. Conner
Keyword(s):  
Female Fitness ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pollination Success

Reproductive biology and relative male and female fitness in a trioecious cactus, P achycereus pringlei (Cactaceae)

1994 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 858-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore H. Fleming ◽  
Sandrine Maurice ◽  
Stephen L. Buchmann ◽  
Merlin D. Tuttle
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Female Fitness ◽  
Male And Female

scholarly journals Fitness Functions Determine Optimal Parental Allocation: Redefining Trivers–Willard Theory

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jibeom Choi ◽  
Hyungmin Roh ◽  
Sang-im Lee ◽  
Hee-Dae Kwon ◽  
Myungjoo Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parental Investment ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Maternal Condition ◽  
Female Fitness ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Poor Condition ◽  
Fitness Functions ◽  
Parental Fitness

According to Trivers-Willard theory1, females in a good condition should carry more male offspring to maximize their fitness while should carry more females in a poor condition. Diverse theoretical and empirical studies has been performed to verify the validity of this claim2,3. Some portion of the empirical observations, however, exhibited contrary outcome to Trivers-Willard theory4. To resolve this problem, we computationally and mathematically show in here that reversed Trivers-Willard theory actually could be the outcome of the parental fitness optimization. In our models with identical fitness functions, we found that selective equitable care is optimal, and the number of the cared offspring should monotonically increase with maternal condition (or expendable parental investment). In some of our models with two distinguished male and female fitness functions, optimizations results were congruent with the conventional Trivers-Willard theory. In other models of ours, contrary to Trivers-Willard theory, it was optimal to invest in males when maternal condition was low. The results along with our hypothesis can explain the empirical observations that were previously thought to be the counterexample of Trivers-Willard theory. We propose that Trivers-Willard theory should be interpreted in multidimensional way, and more elaborate empirical data need to be collected to verify such propositions.

scholarly journals Investigating the interaction between inter-locus and intra-locus sexual conflict using hemiclonal analysis in Drosophila melanogaster

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manas Geeta Arun ◽  
Tejinder Singh Chechi ◽  
Rakesh Meena ◽  
Shradha Dattaraya Bhosle ◽  
Srishti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Sexual Conflict ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Operational Sex Ratio ◽  
Female Fitness ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females

Divergence in the evolutionary interests of males and females leads to sexual conflict. Traditionally, sexual conflict has been classified into two types: inter-locus sexual conflict (IeSC) and intra-locus sexual conflict (IaSC). IeSC is modeled as a conflict over outcomes of intersexual reproductive interactions mediated by loci that are sex-limited in their effects. IaSC is thought to be a product of selection acting in opposite directions in males and females on traits with a common underlying genetic basis. While in their canonical formalisms IaSC and IeSC are mutually exclusive, there is growing support for the idea that the two may interact. Empirical evidence for such interactions, however, is limited. Here, we investigated the interaction between IeSC and IaSC in Drosophila melanogaster. Using hemiclonal analysis, we sampled 39 hemigenomes from a laboratory-adapted population of D. melanogaster. We measured the contribution of each hemigenome to adult male and female fitness at three different intensities of IeSC, obtained by varying the operational sex-ratio. Subsequently, we estimated the intensity of IaSC at each sex-ratio by calculating the intersexual genetic correlation for fitness and the proportion of sexually antagonistic fitness-variation. Our results indicate a statistically non-significant trend suggesting that increasing the strength of IeSC ameliorates IaSC in the population.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document