scholarly journals Root contraction in Cycas and Zamia (Cycadales) determined by gelatinous fibers

2014 ◽  
Vol 101 (8) ◽  
pp. 1275-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Tomlinson ◽  
T. M. Magellan ◽  
M. P. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Gelatinous Fibers ◽  
Root Contraction

scholarly journals ANATOMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TENSION WOOD IN Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Mull. Arg.

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1099-1107
Author(s):  
Letícia Maria Alves Ramos ◽  
João Vicente de Figueiredo Latorraca ◽  
Thayanne Caroline Castor Neto ◽  
Letícia Souza Martins ◽  
Elias Taylor Durgante Severo
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Tension Wood ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Longitudinal Distribution ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Gelatinous Fibers ◽  
Gelatinous Fiber

ABSTRACT Tension wood is an important anatomical structure for its participation in the orientation of the trunk and the architecture of the branches as a function of structural reinforcement. However, its presence in large amounts significantly affects the technological properties of wood, just as in the rubber tree. Nevertheless, there is still demand for information about the origin, distribution and structural features in this species. Thus, this study aims to characterize the cellular structures in tension and opposite wood in Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree), as well as its radial and longitudinal distribution. Discs at the base and the middle of the commercial logs were collected from three trees in a commercial plantation located in Tabapoã - SP. Tangential diameter of vessels, fiber length (gelatinous and non-gelatinous fibers), microfibril angle and proportionality of cellular elements (vessels, axial parenchyma, ray, gelatinous fibers and non-gelatinous fibers) were measured, and influence of gelatinous fiber presence in vessel diameter was observed. Gelatinous fibers were observed in the two types of wood and in the two trunk heights. Both types of wood were distinguished by gelatinous fiber length and the proportion of axial parenchyma. The tension wood in mid-trunk was the most different, with long gelatinous fibers and less abundant, larger vessel diameter and vessel proportion. Moreover, smaller vessel diameter was observed in the regions with a high proportion of gelatinous fibers, suggesting that the plant invests more support than in liquid transport.

scholarly journals Prognostic of the Using Wood of Erythroxylum myrsinites Mart. Under the Anatomic Prism

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Rossana Cortelini da Rosa ◽  
Dione Dambrós Raddatz ◽  
Paulo Fernando dos Santos Machado ◽  
Mario Lima dos Santos ◽  
Alexandro Dias Martins Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Properties ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Specific Mass ◽  
Wood Technology ◽  
Mechanical Loads ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Thin Walls ◽  
Gelatinous Fibers ◽  
Vascular Elements ◽  
High Flexibility

The composition of the wood and its elements are considered determinants in the wood properties, standing out the fibers, axial parenchyma, number of vessels and rays. In this context, we aimed to investigate and describe the wood anatomical structure of the Erythroxylum myrsinites Mart. and identify its potential uses in the area of wood technology. From the tree, were removed three wood samples for the confection of anatomical slides, witch 3 × 3 × 3 cm, oriented we plans transversal, longitudinal and tangential longitudinal. For the preparation of histological blades, the method of Burger and Richter was adopted; the anatomical description was based on IAWA Committee recommendations. The species presents vessels numerous, solitary, composing 19% of the volume of wood. Diffuse porosity of polygonal contour and thin walls. Mean vascular elements, axial parenchyma representing 3% of the volume of the wood, in a paratracheal vasicentric arrangement. The rays are numerous, occupying 23% of the volume of the wood, narrow and heterogeneous, consisting of procumbent, square and erect cells. The fibers are libriform, of length medium and thick walls, occupying 55% of the volume of the wood, have spiral thickening and septate fibers, absent tracheids, and gelatinous fibers abundant. The characteristics presented give high flexibility to the stem and branches, and the wood with low specific mass, permeable and resistant to mechanical loads has potential for use in energy generation.

ROOT CONTRACTION IN FREESIA (IRIDACEAE)

1979 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 522-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Ruzin
Keyword(s):  
Root Contraction

scholarly journals ROOT CONTRACTION IN TRANSPIRING PLANTS

1982 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. A. FAIZ ◽  
P. E. WEATHERLEY
Keyword(s):  
Root Contraction

scholarly journals Gelatinous fibers are widespread in coiling tendrils and twining vines

2009 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Bowling ◽  
Kevin C. Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
Gelatinous Fibers

scholarly journals Distribution of gelatinous fibers in seedling roots of living cycads

2015 ◽  
Vol 102 (8) ◽  
pp. 1250-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy M. Magellan ◽  
M. Patrick Griffith ◽  
P. Barry Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Gelatinous Fibers ◽  
Seedling Roots

Wood Anatomy of nine Japanese Hardwood species forming reaction wood without gelatinous fibers

IAWA Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S. Sultana ◽  
F. Ishiguri ◽  
S. Yokota ◽  
K. Iizuka ◽  
T. Hiraiwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Acetyl Bromide ◽  
Euonymus Alatus ◽  
Opposite Wood ◽  
Gelatinous Fibers ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Daphne Odora ◽  
Clerodendron Trichotomum

The anatomy of reaction wood was studied in nine naturally growing Japanese hardwood species, all showing eccentric growth on the upper side of their leaning branches. The number of vessels decreased in the xylem of the upper side accompanying the formation of reaction wood. A typical G-layer was not detected in the reaction wood fibers, but an S3 layer was present in all nine species. The cellulose microfibril arrangement with an S helix was similar in the S3 layers of both reaction and opposite wood fibers. A decrease of lignin content occurred in the reaction wood fibers in all nine species. The coniferyl and sinapyl aldehyde units in the lignins were strongly reduced in the S2 layer of reaction wood fibers of four species, i.e., Euscaphis japonica, Rhododendron wadanum, Clerodendron trichotomum, and Daphne odora, and much less so in five other species, i.e., Viburnum dilatatum, Enkianthus subsessilis, Euonymus alatus, Ilex macropoda, and Ilex crenata. The syringyl content was lower in the S2 layer of reaction wood fibers than that in opposite wood of all nine species. On the other hand, chemical analysis of lignin using the acetyl bromide method showed that, among the nine species, lignin content was reduced most strongly in Clerodendron trichotomum. Tension wood-like characteristics are present on the upper side of leaning branches in all nine species, except that G-fibers are absent.

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