Intrusive trichome bases in the leaves of silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium; Solanaceae) do not facilitate fluorescent tracer uptake

2013 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 2307-2317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey E. Burrows ◽  
Rosemary G. White ◽  
John D. I. Harper ◽  
Roger D. Heady ◽  
Rex A. Stanton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tracer Uptake ◽  
Fluorescent Tracer ◽  
Silverleaf Nightshade ◽  
Solanum Elaeagnifolium

Effects of Shade on Silverleaf Nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium)

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Boyd ◽  
Don S. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Silverleaf Nightshade ◽  
Structural Carbohydrate ◽  
Solanum Elaeagnifolium ◽  
Shade Leaves

Plants started with seed, 'seedlings', and established plants of silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifoliumCav.) were grown in the field under shade levels of 0, 47, 63, and 92% of full sunlight to determine vegetative, reproductive, and physiological responses to shade. Dry-matter production of both 'seedling’ and established plants declined markedly with increasing shade levels. Established plants did not bear fruit under 92% shade, and 63% shade prevented fruit production by 'seedlings'. Taproots of plants grown in full sunlight contained 16% more total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) per gram dry weight than taproots of plants grown under 92% shade. Leaves of established plants grown under moderate shade had significantly more chlorophyll per unit leaf fresh weight than plants grown in full sunlight; however, plants under heavy (92%) shade had 35% less chlorophyll per unit leaf area than unshaded plants. The chlorophylla/bratio of the 92%-shaded plants was significantly less than with other treatments. Leaf area increased, with increasing shade; however, leaf weight per unit area decreased because of thinner leaves. Photosynthetic rates of recently expanded leaves were 10.4, 4.6, 3.3, and 0.9 mg CO2· dm−2· h−1for the 0, 47, 63, and 92% shade treatments, respectively.

Control of silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium) increases the grain yields of wheat

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Lemerle ◽  
AR Leys
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
New South ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Repeated Application ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Silverleaf Nightshade ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Solanum Elaeagnifolium

The effect of controlling silverleaf nightshade with 2,4-D or glyphosate for 4 consecutive years on the yield of wheat was determined in a field experiment in southern New South Wales. Silverleaf nightshade was either controlled throughout summer with 2,4-D or glyphosate, or treated once with 2,4-D each February from 1979 to 1982. After 4 years, the initial density of silverleaf nightshade increased from 8 to 17 shootsJm2 in both the untreated controls and the plots treated with 2,4-D in February. Treatment throughout each summer with 2,4-D retarded this increase to 11.4 shootslm2, and treatment with glyphosate reduced the population to 1.6 shoots/m2. The grain yield of wheat was not affected by prior control of silverleaf nightshade in 1979 or 1980, but in 1981-82 there was a significant (P<0.05) yield increase from some herbicide treatments, compared with the unsprayed controls. In 1981, repeated application of glyphosate or 2,4-D increased yield by 14 and 9%, while the application of 2,4-D in February increased yield by 5%. In 1982, a drought year, the responses were much greater, with corresponding yield increases of 69, 49 and 17% from these treatments.

Solanum elaeagnifolium (Silverleaf nightshade)

2019 ◽  
pp. 2250-2251
Author(s):  
K. Subramanya Sastry ◽  
Bikash Mandal ◽  
John Hammond ◽  
S. W. Scott ◽  
R. W. Briddon
Keyword(s):  
Silverleaf Nightshade ◽  
Solanum Elaeagnifolium

Silverleaf Nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium) Control in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) with Glyphosate

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 720-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Brent Westerman ◽  
Don S. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Silverleaf Nightshade ◽  
Solanum Elaeagnifolium ◽  
Multiple Spot

Glyphosate, alone and in combination with other herbicides or additives, was evaluated as a spot or shielded treatment for the control of silverleaf nightshade in cotton in three experiments over four years. Glyphosate used at 10.8 g ae/L in 1985 on dryland cotton controlled 81 to 98% of the silverleaf nightshade, but cotton lint yields were reduced by all treatments compared to the weed-free check. Glyphosate used at 7.2 g ae/L in 1986 on irrigated cotton controlled 6 to 83% of the silverleaf nightshade, and lint yields were reduced only when multiple spot applications were made. Spot applications of glyphosate were effective for silverleaf nightshade control when applied 7 wk after crop emergence in 1988. Weed control and cotton injury were lower with shielded applications than spot applications. In 1989, retreatments during a season or the next year resulted in 95% or greater silverleaf nightshade control. Cotton yield increases from herbicide treatment were not observed in 1988; however, yield increases were observed in 1989 when spot treatments were applied to the more successful 1988 plots.

Structural and cytochemical investigation of the leaf of silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium), a drought-resistant alien weed of the Greek flora

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos S. Christodoulakis ◽  
Paraskevi-Niki Lampri ◽  
Costas Fasseas
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cytochemical Investigation ◽  
Silverleaf Nightshade ◽  
Drought Resistant ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Solanum Elaeagnifolium ◽  
Alien Weed

Light and scanning electron microscopy as well as histochemical reactions were employed to investigate the leaf structure and secretory activity of an adventive perennial pest that is rapidly dispersing in the Mediterranean region. Interesting structural characteristics, not common among the well-adapted native Mediterranean phanerophytes, were observed. Although ‘unconventional’, these structural characteristics produce an ecologically equivalent, xeromorphic leaf on a plant that proves to be competitive and very efficient under the Mediterranean climatic conditions.

Factors Affecting Silverleaf Nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium) Germination

Weed Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rex Stanton ◽  
Hanwen Wu ◽  
Deirdre Lemerle
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Silverleaf Nightshade ◽  
Soil Seedbank ◽  
Buried Seed ◽  
Solanum Elaeagnifolium ◽  
Ph Range

Silverleaf nightshade is a widespread, deep-rooted, summer-growing perennial that significantly reduces production in Australian crop and pasture systems. It has an extensive root system, which competes both directly and indirectly with summer and winter pastures and crops through depletion of soil moisture and nutrients. Long-distance dispersal of seeds is an important mechanism for its spread and management. A range of experiments was conducted to determine the factors influencing seed production and seedbank dynamics. Seed production ranged from 1,814 to 2,945 m−2. Diurnally fluctuating temperatures of 25/15 C provided the optimal thermal conditions for germination, with germination not affected by light. Osmotic stress reduced germination, with no germination occurring at −1MPa. Germination was reduced to 5% at 160 mM NaCl, suggesting some salt sensitivity. Germination occurred over a pH range of 4 to 10, but declined with increasing acidity. Viability of buried seed declined to around 20% after 3 yr, with seed buried at 10 cm remaining the most viable. The prolonged seed persistence in the soil indicates a long-term control program is necessary for depleting the soil seedbank.

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