Pollination and mating systems of Apodanthaceae and the distribution of reproductive traits in parasitic angiosperms

2013 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 1083-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidonie Bellot ◽  
Susanne S. Renner
Keyword(s):  
Mating Systems ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Parasitic Angiosperms

scholarly journals Lessons from the study of plant mating systems for exploring the causes and consequences of inbreeding in marine invertebrates

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin C. Olsen ◽  
Will H. Ryan ◽  
Ellen T. Kosman ◽  
Jose A. Moscoso ◽  
Don R. Levitan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mating Systems ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Invertebrate Animals ◽  
Plant Mating Systems ◽  
Critical Insight ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractMany benthic marine invertebrates resemble plants in being modular and either sessile or sedentary, and by relying on an external vector to disperse their gametes. These shared features, along with recent evidence of inbreeding in these taxa, suggest that theory and practice bearing on the evolutionary costs and benefits of inbreeding for plants could advance our understanding of the ecology and evolution of invertebrate animals. We describe how the theory for the evolution of inbreeding and outbreeding could apply to benthic invertebrates, identify and compare techniques used to quantify inbreeding in plants and animals, translate relevant botanical concepts and empirical patterns to their zoological equivalents, and articulate predictions for how inbreeding might be associated with major axes of variation in sessile and sedentary marine invertebrates. The theory of inbreeding and outbreeding provides critical insight into major patterns of life-history variation in plants and holds similar promise as a complementary perspective on the evolution of reproductive traits, lifespan, ecological strategies, and dispersal in marine invertebrates. Extending what we have learned from plants to marine invertebrates promises to broaden the general study of mating systems.

Mating Systems

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann K. Sakai ◽  
David F. Westneat
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Sex Allocation Theory

The study of mating is one of the most active areas in evolutionary ecology. What fuels this research is curiosity about a stunning diversity of ways in which zygotes are formed. Many plants and some animals can reproduce without combining gametes. Many other plants combine gametes but do so within the same individual (selfing). Still other plants and animals require a gamete from another individual to stimulate reproduction but do not incorporate the genetic material contained in that gamete in the offspring. Finally, many organisms combine gametes produced from different individuals in sexual reproduction, but the ways in which these individuals get together to reproduce are also amazingly diverse and have major implications for how selection acts in these populations. Why are there so many different ways to reproduce? Answering this question is a major challenge for evolutionary ecologists. Our approach begins with how a variety of ecological factors affect selection on reproductive traits. Because many reproductive traits show genetic variation, diversity in selective pressures can lead to a diversity of evolutionary changes. Thus, understanding the evolutionary ecology of mating systems can help to interpret the significance of this variation and can provide new insight into related phenomena. For example, costs of female reproduction associated with development of offspring greatly impact other aspects of the life history, and males are often limited by mates (Savalli, this volume). Factors such as levels of selfing, inbreeding depression, and allocation of resources play a part in mating systems of both plants and animals (Waser and Williams, this volume), and sex allocation theory has been used in both plants and animals to explore the evolution of hermaphroditism and unisexuality (Campbell 2000; Orzack, this volume). This chapter explores some of the major forces affecting mating systems. Our treatments of plants and animals differ in emphasis, but our goal is to use the perspective of evolutionary ecology to define more fully the similarities, differences, and diversity in plant and animal mating systems, and to highlight potentially interesting yet currently unanswered questions. Diversity in patterns of zygote production arises in part from ecological factors influencing two issues: selection on the evolution of sexual reproduction itself and differentiation of the sexes.

The comparative biology of pollination and mating in flowering plants

1996 ◽  
Vol 351 (1345) ◽  
pp. 1271-1280 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Tree Reconstruction ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Allocation Strategies

The diversification of many flowering plant families has been attributed to adaptive radiation of pollination and mating systems accompanying changes in ecology and life history. Reproductive traits in seed plants therefore provide a potentially rich source of diversity for comparative and phylogenetic studies. Here we address three topics in reproductive biology: floral allocation strategies, mating systems and life history, and the origin of complex reproductive syndromes using various comparative methods. Results from these studies generally complement and inform those obtained from previous microevolutionary work at the population level. Historical inferences concerning reproductive character evolution in some taxa can be hampered by topological uncertainties in tree reconstruction and a lack of resolution in molecular phylogenies. Future insights into the ecology and evolution of plant reproductive adaptations using comparative approaches will require well resolved phylogenies, particularly at the species level.

Planting time and mulching influenced vegetative and reproductive traits in strawberry (Fragaria×ananassaDuch.) in India

Fruits ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 395-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajbir Singh ◽  
Ram Roshan Sharma ◽  
Rajiv Kumar Jain
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Planting Time

The improvement of the type Karatomar of Black-and-White cattle breed under the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
L. Ovchinnikova ◽  
E. Babich
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Breed Type ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
White Breed ◽  
White Cattle

In the Republic of Kazakhstan over the past decade positive changes have been observed in increasing the number of farm animals, increasing their productivity, and increasing the gross production of milk, meat and other products. At the same time the development of dairy cattle breeding is mainly due to the breeding of Black-and-White, Red Steppe, Simmental breeds and their intra-breed types as well as imported from abroad Holstein breed. The purpose of the research was to analyze ways to improve the intra-breed type Karatomar of Black-and-White breed in Northern Kazakhstan. Research work has been carried out on breeding animals such as Karatomar type cattle of Black-and-White breed in LLP “Experimental farm Zarechnoe” in the Kostanay district in the Kostanay region. The dynamics of growth and development indicators, reproductive traits of heifers of a new intra-breed type Karatomar of Black-and-White cattle have been studied. A comprehensive assessment of their economically useful traits in the first lactation, determined by the resistance of animals to climatic and forage conditions, the efficiency of breeding of animals of different genotypes has been conducted. It has been found that the replacement heifers – daughters of American breeding sires inherited precocity and showed higher growth energy after 6 months of age and continued to grow rapidly until 18 months. The advantage in metabolism was in the daughters of Holstein sires of the American selection Orbit 4078, and the increased immune status of the organism in the daughters of the sire of the domestic selection Yamal 975 as the most adapted to the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. The best ability to increasing the milk yield, stable lactation activity, high milk productivity, gross content of dry matter and nonfat milk solids have been characterized by the daughters of sires of the American selection Orbit 4078 and Lowrider 4129. Analysis of economic indicators of milk production has been shown that from cows – daughters of sires Orbit 4078 and Lowrider 4129 for 305 days of lactation received 15,8 and 15,2 % more milk of base fat, the expenditures of EFU per 1 kg of production was lower by 10,2 and 5,9 %. A higher level of profitability has been observed in the group of daughters of the sires Orbit 4078 – 35,5 % and Lowrider 4129 – 33,1 %, which was 8,5 and 10,8 % higher than in the group of daughters of the sire Yamal 975.

Inter- and Intrasexual Variation in Aging Patterns across Reproductive Traits in a Wild Red Deer Population

2009 ◽  
Vol 174 (3) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Nussey ◽  
Kruuk ◽  
Morris ◽  
Clements ◽  
Pemberton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Deer ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Deer Population
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