Interrelationships of petiolar air canal architecture, water depth, and convective air flow in Nymphaea odorata (Nymphaeaceae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 1903-1909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer H. Richards ◽  
David N. Kuhn ◽  
Kristin Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Nymphaea Odorata

Experimental determination of effects of water depth on Nymphaea odorata growth, morphology and biomass allocation

2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer H. Richards ◽  
Tiffany G. Troxler ◽  
David W. Lee ◽  
Michael S. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Growth Morphology ◽  
Nymphaea Odorata

Experimental Determination of Pressure Loss Through Porous Membranes

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Anderson ◽  
Anil Kommareddy ◽  
Zhengrong Gu ◽  
Joanne Puetz Anderson ◽  
Stephen P. Gent
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Porous Membrane ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Porous Membranes ◽  
Plastic Sheet ◽  
Reactor Volume ◽  
Novel Approach

Air with carbon dioxide is bubbled through Photobioreactors (PBRs) to add carbon dioxide to the reactor medium, remove oxygen, and mix the medium. Most PBR systems use various types of spargers/diffusers that consist of straight or curved tubes with perforation in them to inject air into the PBR reactor volume. A possible novel approach to introducing air into the PBR reactor volume is to use a plenum under the PBR reactor volume in conjunction with a porous membrane that separates the air in the plenum from the liquid medium in the reactor volume. The resistance offered by the porous membrane and the liquid in the reactor volume to air flow needs to be established so that power requirements to provide the desired air flow through the PBR can be determined. Four types of porous membranes were tested: 1)Sintered High Density Polyethylene HDPE 1.59 mm thick with 15–45 μm pore size, 2) Sintered HDPE 0.79 mm thick with 20μm pore size, 3) Genpore black plastic sheet with 45 μm pore size, and 4) Porex 7896 HDPE with pore size of 35 μm). Specimens were tested in a 76.2 mm inside diameter reactor with a depth of 304.8mm and a 76.2 mm plenum depth. Water was used as the reactor medium and the depth was varied between 0 and 228.6 mm. Results showed that the Porex 7896 membrane had little resistance to air flow when the water depth was 0.0mm (1–22 Pa), 1–200 Pa for the Genpore plastic sheet, 1200–1400Pa for the Porex with 20μm pores, and 1100–2500 Pa for the Porex with the 15–45 μm pore sizes for superficial air velocities between 0.00345 m/s to 0.0242 m/s. Water depth was then increased to 228.6 mm in 25.4 mm increments and tested with the same air flow rates. The addition of water significantly increased the resistance to air flow for all membranes (highest being 4200 Pa). Least square correlations for the membranes using water depth and superficial air velocity indicate that resistance to air flow of the membranes was linear with superficial velocity but parabolic with water depth.

Unidirectional Air Flow Isolators A Review

1974 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Butler ◽  
B. J. Egan
Keyword(s):  
Air Flow

Comparison of the performance of oscillating water column devices based on arrangements of water columns

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 7082-7093
Author(s):  
Jahirwan Ut Jasron ◽  
Sudjito Soeparmani ◽  
Lilis Yuliati ◽  
Djarot B. Darmadi
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Graphical Form ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Oscillating Water Column ◽  
Power Absorption ◽  
Water Columns ◽  
Single Column ◽  
Parallel Arrangement

The hydrodynamic performance of oscillating water column (OWC) depends on the depth of the water, the size of the water column and its arrangement, which affects the oscillation of the water surface in the column. An experimental method was conducted by testing 4 water depths with wave periods of 1-3 s. All data recorded by the sensor is then processed and presented in graphical form. The research focused on analyzing the difference in wave power absorption capabilities of the three geometric types of OWC based on arrangements of water columns. The OWC devices designed as single water column, the double water column in a series arrangement which was perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation, and double water column in which the arrangement of columns was parallel to the direction of wave propagation. This paper discussed several factors affecting the amount of power absorbed by the device. The factors are the ratio of water depth in its relation to wavelength (kh) and the inlet openings ratio (c/h) of the devices. The test results show that if the water depth increases in the range of kh 0.7 to 0.9, then the performance of the double chamber oscillating water column (DCOWC) device is better than the single chamber oscillating water column (SCOWC) device with maximum efficiency for the parallel arrangement 22,4%, series arrangement 20.8% and single column 20.7%. However, when referring to c/h, the maximum energy absorption efficiency for a single column is 27.7%, double column series arrangement is 23.2%, and double column parallel arrangement is 29.5%. Based on the results of the analysis, DCOWC devices in parallel arrangement showed the ability to absorb better wave power in a broader range of wave frequencies. The best wave of power absorption in the three testing models occurred in the wave period T = 1.3 seconds.

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