A global analysis of xylem vessel length in woody plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 99 (10) ◽  
pp. 1583-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna L. Jacobsen ◽  
R. Brandon Pratt ◽  
Michael F. Tobin ◽  
Uwe G. Hacke ◽  
Frank W. Ewers
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Xylem Vessel ◽  
Vessel Length

scholarly journals A semi-automated method for measuring xylem vessel length distribution

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-340
Author(s):  
Luciano Pereira ◽  
Marcela T. Miranda ◽  
Gabriel S. Pires ◽  
Vinícius S. Pacheco ◽  
Xinyi Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Length Distribution ◽  
Xylem Vessel ◽  
Vessel Length ◽  
Automated Method

A comparison of two methods for measuring vessel length in woody plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 2519-2526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruihua Pan ◽  
Jing Geng ◽  
Jing Cai ◽  
Melvin T. Tyree
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Vessel Length ◽  
Measuring Vessel

Vessel-length distribution in stems of some American woody plants

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1882-1892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin H. Zimmermann ◽  
Ayodeji A. Jeje
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Vitis Labrusca ◽  
Vessel Length ◽  
Particle Penetration ◽  
Air Volume ◽  
Desk Calculator ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Diffuse Porous

Vessel-length distributions in some trees, shrubs, and a vine have been calculated from measurements of particle penetration and of air-volume flow through the xylem. In shrubs and diffuse-porous species, longest vessels were about 1 m long, but most of them were much shorter, the largest percentage in the 0–10 cm length class. In the two ring-porous species investigated (Quercus rubra and Fraxinus americana), the longest vessels often were as long as the tree's stem, but most of them were much shorter. In the grapevine (Vitis labrusca) which has large-diameter vessels (ca. 300 μm) a small percentage of the vessels was 8 m, but most of them were less than 5 m long. In a given species, lengths of the longest vessel were quite variable, but the distribution of the short lengths was more constant. In general, vessel lengths are correlated with vessel diameters: wide vessels are longer. Even in diffuse-porous species, the slightly narrower latewood vessels are somewhat shorter than the wider early wood vessels. The method is a simplified version of that described by Skene and Balodis, but using a programmable desk calculator. It works best with diffuse-porous species in which vessels are randomly distributed in the stem, and less well in species with wide vessels, because as vessels reach the length of the stem itself, they cannot be randomly distributed.

Xylem vessel length and distribution: does analysis method matter? A study using Acacia

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia G. Williamson ◽  
John A. Milburn
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Xylem Vessel ◽  
Vessel Length ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Spherical Carbon ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Length Data ◽  
Comparative Information ◽  
Global Datasets

Knowledge of xylem vessel length is important for several reasons, including the accurate calculation and comparison of hydraulic conductivity studies in excised stems. Vessel length data and distributions are also relevant in some anatomical, ecological, evolutionary, pathological and compatible hydraulic studies. However, determining vessel length is tedious, so is often either avoided or undertaken arbitrarily in hydraulic conductivity studies. We examined four injection media (paints and inks) under transmission electron microscopy to ascertain which was most suitable for determining vessel length. Hunt’s Speedball India ink, with evenly distributed, uniform spherical carbon particles of 33 nm, would avoid premature vessel blockage and, therefore, coupled with the fact that it is non-toxic, is the preferred medium to determine vessel length in Acacia amoena Wendl. terminal stems. The longest vessel was 10 cm, which accounted for 0.4% of vessels. Vessel length distributions were then determined and compared using the same dataset and four established methods. All four methods produced distributions which indicated that the most common vessel length class was short (0–2 cm), and no method was significantly different from the other; however, for ease of calculation, the Christman et al. (2009) method is recommended. Whether vessel length or distribution is necessary for hydraulic-conductivity studies will depend on whether or not merely indicative rates of flow are required, but to provide comparative information for global datasets, then they are needed.

scholarly journals Vessel length as a key hydraulic structure in woody plants: A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 609-618
Author(s):  
CHENG Xiang-Fen ◽  
◽  
MA Jin ◽  
ZHAO Han ◽  
JIANG Zai-Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Hydraulic Structure ◽  
Vessel Length

Maximum-likelihood estimation of xylem vessel length distributions

2018 ◽  
Vol 455 ◽  
pp. 329-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman M. Link ◽  
Bernhard Schuldt ◽  
Brendan Choat ◽  
Steven Jansen ◽  
Alexander R. Cobb
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Xylem Vessel ◽  
Vessel Length

1306: Techniques of Vascular Control and their Effects on Vessel Length

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 344-344
Author(s):  
Jonathan E. Bernie ◽  
Chandru P. Sundaram,
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Control ◽  
Vessel Length
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