IsOligomeris(Resedaceae) indigenous to North America? Molecular evidence for a natural colonization from the Old World

2009 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Martín-Bravo ◽  
Pablo Vargas ◽  
Modesto Luceño
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Old World

scholarly journals THE GENUS PODISMA IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA

1903 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 295-302
Author(s):  
E. M. Walker
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Old World ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Alpine Distribution

Podisma (Latr.) is a particularly interesting genus of Melanopli, since it is the only one of that immense group that occurs in the Old World, where, indeed, it is represented by considerably more described species than it is in North America. It is also of interest from its distinctly boreal and alpine distribution, being almost peculiar to high latitudes or altitudes. It is a circumpolar genus, inhabiting the mountains and boreal parts of Europe, Asia and North America, a larger number of species having been described from Europe than elsewhere.

A Possible New Class of Prehistoric Musical Instruments from New England: Portable Cylindrical Lithophones

2013 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 520-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
New England ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Old World ◽  
The Real ◽  
Acoustical Properties ◽  
New Class

AbstractWith one exception, which has been described as a suspended “kiva bell,” long stone rods have been interpreted throughout the archaeological literature of North America as whetstones or pestles. Two particularly long rods in a collection of prehistoric artifacts from New England raise questions as to the real use of some of these objects. The prevailing interpretations of the two artifacts may be incorrect, or at least incomplete, because the rods lack the kinds of wear that are found on most whetstones or pestles. They also have different acoustical properties from true pestles, which are usually shorter, and are identical in materials, acoustics, and form to probable prehistoric lithophones from the Old World, which can be played on the lap. The identification of the pair of rods as good candidates for being the first known cylindrical, two-toned prehistoric lithophones from New England introduces a new avenue for the study of fossil sounds and rituals in both the region and continent because it is likely that similar artifacts will be examined for characteristic wear, tested acoustically, and recognized as the objects of prestige and ceremony that they may have been in their role as un-suspended musical instruments.

scholarly journals Multiple Introductions of the Old World Begomovirus Tomato yellow leaf curl virus into the New World

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (21) ◽  
pp. 7114-7117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siobain Duffy ◽  
Edward C. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
New World ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Old World ◽  
Multiple Introductions ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl

ABSTRACT A phylogenetic analysis of three genomic regions revealed that Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) from western North America is distinct from TYLCV isolated in eastern North America and the Caribbean. This analysis supports a second introduction of this Old World begomovirus into the New World, most likely from Asia.

scholarly journals Bombus (Pyrobombus) johanseni Sladen, 1919, a valid North American bumble bee species, with a new synonymy and comparisons to other “red-banded” bumble bee species in North America (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombini)

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 984 ◽  
pp. 59-81
Author(s):  
Cory S. Sheffield ◽  
Ryan Oram ◽  
Jennifer M. Heron
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Bumble Bee ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Old World ◽  
Northern Canada

The bumble bee (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombini, Bombus Latreille) fauna of the Nearctic and Palearctic regions are considered well known, with a few species occurring in both regions (i.e., with a Holarctic distribution), but much of the Arctic, especially in North America, remains undersampled or unsurveyed. Several bumble bee taxa have been described from northern North America, these considered either valid species or placed into synonymy with other taxa. However, some of these synonymies were made under the assumption of variable hair colour only, without detailed examination of other morphological characters (e.g., male genitalia, hidden sterna), and without the aid of molecular data. Recently, Bombus interacti Martinet, Brasero & Rasmont, 2019 was described from Alaska where it is considered endemic; based on both morphological and molecular data, it was considered a taxon distinct from B. lapponicus (Fabricius, 1793). Bombus interacti was also considered distinct from B. gelidus Cresson, 1878, a taxon from Alaska surmised to be a melanistic form of B. lapponicus sylvicola Kirby, 1837, the North American subspecies (Martinet et al. 2019). Unfortunately, Martinet et al. (2019) did not have DNA barcode sequences (COI) for females of B. interacti, but molecular data for a melanistic female specimen matching the DNA barcode sequence of the holotype of B. interacti have been available in the Barcodes of Life Data System (BOLD) since 2011. Since then, additional specimens have been obtained from across northern North America. Also unfortunate was that B. sylvicola var. johanseni Sladen, 1919, another melanistic taxon described from far northern Canada, was not considered. Bombus johanseni is here recognized as a distinct taxon from B. lapponicus sylvicola Kirby, 1837 (sensuMartinet et al. 2019) in the Nearctic region, showing the closest affinity to B. glacialis Friese, 1902 of the Old World. As the holotype male of B. interacti is genetically identical to material identified here as B. johanseni, it is placed into synonymy. Thus, we consider B. johanseni a widespread species occurring across arctic and subarctic North America in which most females are dark, with rarer pale forms (i.e., “interacti”) occurring in and seemingly restricted to Alaska. In addition to B. johanseni showing molecular affinities to B. glacialis of the Old World, both taxa also inhabit similar habitats in the arctic areas of both Nearctic and Palearctic, respectively. It is also likely that many of the specimens identified as B. lapponicus sylvicola from far northern Canada and Alaska might actually be B. johanseni, so that should be considered for future studies of taxonomy, distribution, and conservation assessment of North American bumble bees.

scholarly journals Big and beautiful: the Megaxyela species (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae) of East Asia and North America

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan M. Blank ◽  
Katja Kramp ◽  
David R. Smith ◽  
Yuri N. Sundikov ◽  
Meicai Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
West Virginia ◽  
South Korea ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Old World ◽  
Eastern Usa ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
First Time

Megaxyela Ashmead, 1898 comprises 13 species, four of which are described as new and one is removed from synonymy: Megaxyela euchroma Blank, Shinohara & Wei sp. nov. from China (Zheijang), M. fulvago Blank, Shinohara & Wei sp. nov. from China (Hunan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang), M. inversa Blank & D.R. Smith sp. nov. from the USA (West Virginia), M. langstoni Ross, 1936 sp. rev. from the eastern USA, and M. pulchra Blank, Shinohara & Sundukov sp. nov. from China (Hubei, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Tibet), South Korea (Kangwon-do) and Russia (Primorskiy Kray). The male of M. parki Shinohara, 1992 is described for the first time. A lectotype is designated for M. gigantea Mocsáry, 1909. A cladogram, based on COI sequences of seven species, is presented and interpreted in view of selected morphological characters. Records of M. fulvago sp. nov. from Hunan and of M. pulchra sp. nov. from Tibet extend the known distribution of Megaxyela in the Old World 600 kilometers farther south and 2500 kilometers farther west than previous records.

A new species of the genus Odonteus (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from northern Pakistan

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 968 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
GIUSEPPE M. CARPANETO ◽  
ROBERTO MIGNANI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Northern Pakistan ◽  
Relict Species ◽  
Old World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A New Species

A remarkable new species, Odonteus gandhara Carpaneto & Mignani, n. sp., is described from northern Pakistan. The holotype (adult male) and the paratype (adult female) are illustrated and compared with O. armiger (Scopoli, 1772) and O. orientalis Mittal, 1998, the only two species of this genus recognized in the Old World. Both O. armiger and O. orientalis have the eye not completely divided by the canthus and have a sensory area on the external side of the last antennomere (this character has never been discussed in the literature until now). These two character states in O. armiger and O. orientalis compel emendations to the definition of the genus. The new species has a great zoogeographical relevance because similar species occur in North America (O. obesus LeConte, 1859 and O. falli Wallis, 1928), and probably represents a relict species endemic to the Himalayan range.

Phylogenetics of the mycoheterotrophic genus Thismia (Thismiaceae: Dioscoreales) with a focus on the Old World taxa: delineation of novel natural groups and insights into the evolution of morphological traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A Shepeleva ◽  
Mikhail I Schelkunov ◽  
Michal Hroneš ◽  
Michal Sochor ◽  
Martin Dančák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Old World ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Floral Characters

Abstract Thismia is a genus of > 80 mycoheterotrophic species characterized by a peculiar appearance and complex floral morphology. A significant proportion of the species and morphological diversity of Thismia has only been uncovered in the past two decades, and new discoveries continue to be made. Given that many new data have recently become available, and the most comprehensive taxonomic revision of the genus from 1938 addresses less than half of the currently known species, previous hypotheses for species relationships and infrageneric taxonomic classification in Thismia was in need of review. Extensive molecular phylogenetic studies of Thismia at the genus level have never been presented. We investigate the phylogenetic relationships of 41 species (and one variety) of Thismia from the Old World. Our study comprises 68 specimens (for 28 of which the data were newly generated), including outgroup taxa broadly representing Thismiaceae (= Burmanniaceae p.p. sensuAPG IV, 2016), and is based on two nuclear and one mitochondrial marker. We use maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference to infer relationships among the taxa. We also constructed a morphological dataset of 12 mostly floral characters, comparing these characters to hypotheses based on molecular evidence to identify putative synapomorphies for major clades and to discuss hypotheses regarding the evolution of structural traits in the genus. Our analyses indicate that the majority of currently accepted infrageneric taxa of Thismia are polyphyletic. We find support for the monophyly of the Old World group, in which we recognize five well-supported lineages (clades); the only New World species studied appears to be related to the Neotropical genus Tiputinia. Ancestral state reconstructions demonstrate that the evolution of most morphological characters was homoplastic, but we identify characters that provide each of the five clades of Old World Thismia with a unique morphological description. The geographical distribution of the species under study is also shown to be consistent with the major clades. Our investigation provides a phylogenetic basis for the development of a novel sectional classification of Thismia reflecting morphological and geographical traits.

Negative concord in the Old and New World: Evidence from Scotland

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Smith
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
North America ◽  
New World ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Negative Concord ◽  
Old World ◽  
Colonization Period

In this article, I conduct a quantitative analysis of negative concord in Buckie, a relic dialect from the northeast of Scotland, and compare these findings with transported varieties of English in North America. Two major results arise from the analysis. First, Buckie has high rates of use of negative concord to indeterminates within the same clause, as do all the dialects included in the study. Second, negative concord in other environments is found in certain varieties in the New World that have no counterparts in the Old World. I suggest that the quantitative similarities can be explained in terms of the primitive status of negative concord in vernacular varieties of English, in combination with a shared linguistic heritage during the colonial period. The qualitative differences demonstrate that contexts of linguistic heterogeneity in North America during the early colonization period led to an extension and restructuring of the original rules.

scholarly journals Molecular evidence for multiple introductions of the banded grove snail (Cepaea nemoralis) in North America

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.K.S. Layton ◽  
C.P.K. Warne ◽  
A. Nicolai ◽  
A. Ansart ◽  
J.R. deWaard
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Multiple Introductions ◽  
Cepaea Nemoralis ◽  
Haplotype Networks ◽  
Base Pair Fragment

Global identification and monitoring programs for invasive species aim to reduce imminent impacts to biodiversity, ecosystem services, agriculture, and human health. This study employs a 658 base pair fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene to identify and categorize clades of the banded grove snail (Cepaea nemoralis (Linnaeus, 1758)) from native (European) and introduced (North American) ranges using a maximum-likelihood phylogeny and haplotype networks. This work corroborates the existence of eight clades within C. nemoralis and further identified three clades that were common to both Europe and North America (A, D, O). Clades A and D were found in eastern Canada, Ontario (Canada), and British Columbia (Canada), whereas clade O was restricted to Ontario, possibly introduced from Poland or central Europe. Haplotype networks suggest clade A was introduced from northern Europe, whereas clade D was introduced from western and central Europe. Networks contained many private haplotypes and a lack of haplotype sharing, suggesting strong genetic structure in this system, possibly resulting from reduced dispersal in this species. This study describes the contemporary distribution of C. nemoralis in Canada and demonstrates the efficacy of DNA barcoding for monitoring the spread of invasive species, warranting its widespread adoption in management policies.

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