scholarly journals Quantification of Aboveground Carbon Stocks in Afromontane Vegetation of Image Forest Reserve (IFR), Southern Highlands of Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-33
Author(s):  
Canisius John Kayombo ◽  
Henry Joseph Ndangalasi ◽  
Cosmas Mligo ◽  
Richard Alphonce Giliba ◽  
Deo D Shirima
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Rock Outcrops ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Land Cover Types ◽  
Aboveground Carbon ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bare Land

Evaluating the aboveground carbon stocks is important for scientific awareness of the vegetation condition. The study was conducted from August to September 2019 to quantify the aboveground carbon (AGC) stocks in Afromontane vegetation of Image Forest Reserve (IFR), in southern highlands of Tanzania. Ground surveys were conducted to identify the existing land cover types in IFR. A total of 170, 20 m x 40 m rectangular sample plots were systematically set on the land cover types at an interval of 250 m. The standing tree species with DBH ≥5 cm were identified and measured for their DBH (cm) at 1.3 m from the ground. Tree stumps were measured at 5 cm from the ground. Allometric equations were used to calculate the aboveground biomass and multiplied by a carbon factor of 0.47 (0.5) to get AGC.  ANOVA was applied to compare the AGC within land cover types. Grounded on this study’s findings, an overall AGtC Ha-1 per land cover type ranged from 7,190.59 ± 9.49. Forest stored the largest AGtC Ha-1 (7,190.59) trailed by woodland (1,662.13), shrub land and grassland (171.54), and bare land and rock outcrops (9.49). The calculated AGC of each tree species per hectare (AGtC Ha-1) ranged from 878.14 ± 0.02. This study revealed a significant difference in AGtC Ha–1 within the forest, woodland, shrub land and grassland, bare land and rock outcrops. Out of the 187 measured tree species, 7 were known to contribute the highest AGtC Ha-1 (878.14 ± 411.61), 14 were in the medium category (322.42 ± 103.28), 53 each contributed low (94.31 ± 10.00), and 113 each contributed very low (9.28 ± 0.02). Further study is needed to assess the whole carbon stored by IFR, encourage tree planting at homesteads to reduce logging in the natural forest, and provision of conservation education.

scholarly journals The Determination of Floristic Diversity within Image Forest Reserve (IFR) Land Cover Types, Kilolo District, Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Canisius John Kayombo ◽  
Henry Joseph Ndangalasi ◽  
Cosmas Mligo ◽  
Richard Alphonce Giliba
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Land Cover Types ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bare Land

Image Forest Reserve (IFR) in the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania is known for its high floristic diversity within the various land cover types. The study was conducted from August to October 2019 to determine the floristic diversity in IFR. A total of 170, 20m x 40m were systematically set at an inter-plot interval of 250 m within the land cover types. Plants were identified for their botanical names, determined for A, and herbarium specimens were collected and identified later at the DSM herbarium and NHT in Arusha. Also, 2m x 5m nested subplots were set to determine shrubs and saplings, while 1m x 1m were laid for non-woody plants and tree seedlings. The Shannon index of diversity (H') and index of dominance (ID) were calculated using the H’ and ID indices; plant species evenness (J′) was also calculated. ANOVA was used to compare species composition parameters among the different land cover types. A total of 502 plant species were identified in IFR. Woodland had the largest number of plant species (38.0%) followed by trees (31.0%), shrubland and grassland (21.9%) and bare land and rocks (9.1%). The forest had the largest number of trees (115) followed by woodland (93), shrubland and grassland, and bare land and rocks had the least species diversity. The woodland had the largest relative abundance (50.3%), trailed by forest (38.9%), shrubland and grassland (8.8%), and bare land and rocks (1.9%). The H’, A, ID and J’ showed a significant difference within the forest, woodland, shrubland and grassland, and bare land and rocks. The largest plant species diversity group had an H' < 0.0195 (230 - plant species). The medium group H' ranged from ≥ 0.0195 - ≤ 0.0504 (55-plant species), and the largest H' group ranged from ≥ 0.0649 - ≤ 0.3358 with only 10 plant species. The plant species with the largest abundance had also the largest H’, and D, and hence were suggested to be the most abundant. The A, number of species (S), H’, and ID were suggested to differ significantly within the land cover types. The floristic diversity findings establish their presence and create awareness towards the conservation strategy priorities for Tanzania Forest Agency. The survey team recommends further research on biological species of IFR, participatory forest management to stimulate the sense of ownership responsibility, implementation of laws and bylaws, land cover types gaps restoration, introduction of non-woody income-generating projects, provision of regular education to the community, awareness creation on forest resources conservation, ensure permanent boundaries beacons.

scholarly journals Tree Species Diversity, Composition and Aboveground Biomass Across Dry Forest Land-Cover Types in Coastal Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 194008292199541
Author(s):  
Xavier Haro-Carrión ◽  
Bette Loiselle ◽  
Francis E. Putz
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Land Cover Types ◽  
Schizolobium Parahyba

Tropical dry forests (TDF) are highly threatened ecosystems that are often fragmented due to land-cover change. Using plot inventories, we analyzed tree species diversity, community composition and aboveground biomass patterns across mature (MF) and secondary forests of about 25 years since cattle ranching ceased (SF), 10–20-year-old plantations (PL), and pastures in a TDF landscape in Ecuador. Tree diversity was highest in MF followed by SF, pastures and PL, but many endemic and endangered species occurred in both MF and SF, which demonstrates the importance of SF for species conservation. Stem density was higher in PL, followed by SF, MF and pastures. Community composition differed between MF and SF due to the presence of different specialist species. Some SF specialists also occurred in pastures, and all species found in pastures were also recorded in SF indicating a resemblance between these two land-cover types even after 25 years of succession. Aboveground biomass was highest in MF, but SF and Tectona grandis PL exhibited similar numbers followed by Schizolobium parahyba PL, Ochroma pyramidale PL and pastures. These findings indicate that although species-poor, some PL equal or surpass SF in aboveground biomass, which highlights the critical importance of incorporating biodiversity, among other ecosystem services, to carbon sequestration initiatives. This research contributes to understanding biodiversity conservation across a mosaic of land-cover types in a TDF landscape.

Remote sensing and GIS forest landscape assessment for sustainable forest management

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-26
Author(s):  
A.F. Chukwuka ◽  
A. Alo ◽  
O.J. Aigbokhan
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Markov Chain Model ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Spatial Metrics ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Land Cover Types

This study set out to assess the dynamic characteristics of the Ikere forest reserve landscape between 1985 and 2017 using remote sensing data and spatial metrics. Landscape of the study area maintained complex patterns of spatial heterogeneity over the years. Forest cover loss to other land cover types results in new large non-forest area at increasing rate. As at the year 2017, the changes in land cover types were not yet at equilibrium, thus the need to determine the future forest cover extent using a three-way markov Chain model. The decrease in number of patches of forest land (NumP) with increase in its mean patch size (MPS) shows that the forest is becoming a single unit probably due to clearing of existing patches of forest trees. The decrease in class diversity and evenness (SDI and SEI) of the general landscape over the years strengthens this assertion. The findings of this study would be very helpful to government and other stakeholders responsible for ensuring sustainable forest and general environment. Keyword: Landscape, Spatial metrics, sustainable forest and Environment

scholarly journals Carbon stocks for different land cover types in Mainland Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest William Mauya ◽  
Wilson Ancelm Mugasha ◽  
Marco Andrew Njana ◽  
Eliakimu Zahabu ◽  
Rogers Malimbwi
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Land Cover Types

scholarly journals Impact of land cover change on aboveground carbon stocks in Afromontane landscape in Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 178-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.K.E. Pellikka ◽  
V. Heikinheimo ◽  
J. Hietanen ◽  
E. Schäfer ◽  
M. Siljander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Land Cover Change ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Aboveground Carbon

scholarly journals THE LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE IMPACT TO LAND COVER TYPES

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B3 ◽  
pp. 871-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ibrahim ◽  
A. Abu Samah ◽  
R. Fauzi ◽  
N. M. Noor
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Land Cover Types ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Bare Land ◽  
Post Hoc

Land cover type is an important signature that is usually used to understand the interaction between the ground surfaces with the local temperature. Various land cover types such as high density built up areas, vegetation, bare land and water bodies are areas where heat signature are measured using remote sensing image. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of land surface temperature on land cover types. The objectives are 1) to analyse the mean temperature for each land cover types and 2) to analyse the relationship of temperature variation within land cover types: built up area, green area, forest, water bodies and bare land. The method used in this research was supervised classification for land cover map and mono window algorithm for land surface temperature (LST) extraction. The statistical analysis of post hoc Tukey test was used on an image captured on five available images. A pixel-based change detection was applied to the temperature and land cover images. The result of post hoc Tukey test for the images showed that these land cover types: built up-green, built up-forest, built up-water bodies have caused significant difference in the temperature variation. However, built up-bare land did not show significant impact at p&lt;0.05. These findings show that green areas appears to have a lower temperature difference, which is between 2° to 3° Celsius compared to urban areas. The findings also show that the average temperature and the built up percentage has a moderate correlation with R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.53. The environmental implications of these interactions can provide some insights for future land use planning in the region.

scholarly journals Geo-spatial Assessment of Land Use/Land Cover (LU/LC) Dynamics in Akoko South West Local Government, Ondo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Dada Ibilewa ◽  
Mustapha Aliyu ◽  
Usman O. Alalu ◽  
Taiwo Hassan Abdulrasheed
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Rock Outcrops ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Spatial Assessment ◽  
South West ◽  
Moderate Change ◽  
Microsoft Office

Geo-spatial assessment of land use/cover dynamics in Akoko South West Local Government was instigated to bridge the knowledge gap created by data deficiency on the nature, scope and magnitude of land use/cover change in the area. This was done through the analysis of Landsat images of three epochs from 2000 through 2010 to 2020. The processing of the satellite images was done in ArcGIS 10.8 while the analysis and 2030 projection was done in Microsoft office excel using the result from the analysis. QGIS was used to remove the scan lines error on the 2010 image. The result showed increasing built-up area, reducing vegetation and farmlands and diminishing rock outcrops. The changes vary among the different classification characteristics. The increasing change in the second epoch was higher in built up areas while rock outcrops increased in the first epoch. Farmland and vegetation were on reducing trend throughout the study period. However, the moderate change observed in the second epoch for the two land cover classes were not as significant as the first epoch. Government policies on forest reserve should strictly be adhered to in order to preserve the vegetation in the area. People of the area should be advised to diversify their economy in order to avoid total dependence on the forest reserve.

scholarly journals Land-use/Land-cover Changes and Deforestation in Effan Forest Reserve, Kwara State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adesoji Akinwumi Adeyemi ◽  
Farouq Maku Owolabi
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Land Cover Changes ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Vitellaria Paradoxa ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Forest Reserve

Remote sensing/GIS techniques are a versatile tool for x-raying serial forest structural changes in retrospect. It would be impossible to evaluate past occurrences and changes in forest extents in past decades at Effan Forest Reserve without non-conventional means. Therefore, we adopted remote sensing technology using Landsat images to evaluate land-use change and degradation rates in the area with a view to ascertaining causal factors for possible minimization of forest degradation in Effan Forest Reserve. Land-use/land-cover changes were analyzed using USGS-Landsat TM and ETM images of 1987, 2002, 2014 and 2019. Field-data were collected using handheld GPS receiver and spatial statistical analyses were conducted using the ground control points (GCPs). For inventory data, a systematic sampling technique was adopted using ten 1.05 km-transects at 500 m intervals. A total of 50 sample plots of 50 &times; 50 m were used. All tree species with Dbh &ge;10 cm were enumerated. Nineteen tree species in ten families were encountered with Vitellaria paradoxa as the most-frequently occurring species in the area. IUCN-listed endangered Pterocarpus erinaceus, hitherto abundant in the area, was rarely encountered during the survey, while Vitellaria paradoxa is gradually shrinking, going the relative abundance in the area. The result further showed that primary and secondary forests decreased considerably by 258.03 ha (46.72%) and 9.18 ha (3.63%), respectively, with a total forest loss of 50.3% in 32 years (8.4 hayr-1, 1.6% per annum). While forest plantation size doubled by 369.72 ha within the period. This is worrisome as the remaining fragmented forests appeared to be on the decline, except the riparian vegetation, due to inaccessibility to the riparian by loggers. It thus appeared that forest protection approaches were ineffective. Increased protection efforts could save this forest reserve, and the concerned authority should consider a focused-enrichment planting involving indigenous species for ecosystem-repair.

scholarly journals ANALYZING THE EFFECTS OF LAND COVER CHANGE ON SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN MOUNT MAKILING FOREST RESERVE (MMFR) AND ITS NEIGHBORING MUNICIPALITIES USING LANDSAT DATA

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W19 ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
V. K. M. Del Mundo ◽  
C. L. Tiburan Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Cover Change ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Land Cover Types ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Supervised Image Classification

Abstract. Land Surface Temperature (LST) is said to be affected by frequent changes in the land cover. Over the years, the immediate environs of Mount Makiling Forest Reserve (MMFR) have experienced such kind of change due to rapid economic growth of the area that also led to the expansion of urban centers. The study utilized Landsat imageries to determine the possible effects of land cover change on surface temperature using the integration of remote sensing and GIS technologies. Initially, the multispectral bands were radiometrically corrected using Dark Object Subtraction (DOS) while the thermal bands were corrected using Land Surface Emissivity (LSE). After these corrections were applied, the images were classified using supervised image classification technique where seven land cover types have been identified. The classified images were then validated using 200 reference data and this revealed an overall accuracy of 87.5% and 86.0% for the May 2003 and July 2015 images, respectively. Results showed that changes in land cover resulted to a significant change in Land Surface Temperature (LST). The LST in 2003 (16.49°C – 40.44°C) was found higher than that of 2015 which was observed between 13.35°C and 33.83°C only. The reason behind this is the increase in green spaces from 2003 to 2015. Among the major land cover types, forest lands exhibited the lowest mean surface temperature for both years having 27.27°C in 2003 and 21.35°C in 2015 while built-up areas had the highest surface temperature having 32.60°C in 2003 and 26.00°C in 2015.

scholarly journals Opportunity Costs of REDD+ to the Communities of Mufindi District, Iringa, Tanzania

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faraji Nuru ◽  
Jumanne Moshi Abdallah ◽  
Yonika Mathew Ngaga
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Unit Price ◽  
Opportunity Costs ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Aboveground Carbon ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Key Informant Interview ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Equivalent

The study was done to assess the opportunity costs of REDD+ to the communities of Mufindi District which is located in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. The specific objectives were, to identify and assess the economic value of alternative land uses, the aboveground carbon stock of Idewa Forest Reserve (IFR), and the profitability of each land use as compared to REDD+ incentives. Data were collected using questionnaire survey, key informant interview, and forest inventory and data were analyzed using the Excel programme. Results showed that the main land uses were agriculture and tree planting with economic values of $2958.52 and $3272.94 per ha per year, respectively. The total aboveground carbon was 39.23 t/ha (143.97/ha). The opportunity costs of REDD+ was varying depending on the price per ton of carbon. The opportunity costs of REDD+ will be profitable if the price per tCO2e will be at least $23. It can therefore be concluded that there is no general unit price per ton of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e), as it depends on REDD+ opportunity cost when compared with alternative land uses within a particular place. Therefore we recommend opportunity costs of REDD+ to communities be used to guide decision making on unit prices of carbon.

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