Bhineka Tunggal Ika as Source Politics and Identity of Indonesian Culture in The Formation of Law

Cultura ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-72
Author(s):  
Gede Marhaendra Wija ATMAJA ◽  
Ida Ayu Komang ARNIATI ◽  
Gede Yoga Kharisma PRADANA
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
International Law ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
State Law ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Political Sources ◽  
Religious Law ◽  
Unity In Diversity ◽  
The Times

Abstract: The purpose of this study seeks to analyze the problem of Unity in Diversity as a Source of Politics and Cultural Identity of the Indonesian Nation in Legal Formation. In general, the process of establishing customary, national, regional and international law in various parts of the world no one knows even uses Bhineka Tunggal Ika as the source of legal formation. However, often the formation of law in Indonesia refers to the philosophical meaning of Unity in Diversity. The formulation of the research problem: 1) What are the markers of Unity in Diversity in Legal Formation ?; 2) Why is Bhineka Tunggal Ika so important in the Formation of Law in Indonesia ?; 3) Is there a contribution of Bhineka Tunggal Ika in the formation of customary law ? This research was completed using qualitative methods. All data in this study are descriptive which have been collected directly or indirectly. Data acquisition is optimized through a literature study. All data were analyzed qualitatively to solve the research problem. The results showed that: 1) Unity in Diversity can be a marker of Indonesian national cultural identity in Legal Pluralism; 2) Bhineka Tunggal Ika in the formation of state law is considered relevant as a political source that is able to accommodate Customary Law and Religious Law into State Law; 3) Unity in Diversity as the identity of Indonesian Nation Culture, as well as political sources, has contributed in the spirit of the formation of Customary Law in the midst of the times.

Pondok Pesantren Sebagai Lembaga Pendidikan Alternatif

KUTTAB ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Salman Zahidi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Boarding Schools ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
The Times ◽  
Modern Era

Ali Bin Abi Talib once said that children should be educated in accordance with the  development of the times. The Ali bin Abi Talib’s statement could be considered as his attention more to the development of human civilization. For that reason, there should be studies focused on the role of educational institutions in facing the challenges of the times. On this stand, the writer raises the existence of pesantren (Islamic boarding schools) for being considered to have been able to survive amid the onslaught of civilization increasingly obscuring cultural identity. In addition, this study also aims to identify and discuss the role of pesantren in the modern era. This is a literature study using a descriptive and exploratory approach. It can be concluded that pesantren are non-formal Islamic educational institutions. Pesantren have permanent and distictive methods and learning models. The purpose of pesantren education is the same as Islamic education in general, instilling a sense of virtue, familiarizing themselves with courtesy, preparing for a holy, sincere and honest life entirely. Pesantren could be seen from three aspects: (a) pesantren that are seen from facilities and infrastructures, (b) pesantren that are seen from disciplines taught, and (c) pesantren that are seen from the fields of knowledge.

scholarly journals Komunikasi Organisasi Komnas Perempuan dalam Menyikapi Penyelesaian Kasus Pelecehan Seksual

Koneksi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Gracela Neoh ◽  
Roswita Oktavianti
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Organizational Communication ◽  
Communication Theory ◽  
Instant Messaging ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Internal Communication ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
The Times

Sexual harassment of women often occurs in Indonesia and is disturbing to society. Based on Komnas Perempuan's 2016 Annual Records, there were 16,217 documented cases of sexual harassment. Along with the times, sexual harassment has penetrated into the digital realm, namely one case of sexual harassment in cyberspace that occurred in 2020 by X baristas. The employee uses Closed Circuit Television to peek at the breasts of female customers and spreads through social media. Based on this case, Komnas Perempuan conducted organizational communication by stating that the actions of former X employees included sexual harassment by means of violence by verbally displaying women's bodies without consent. The formulation of the research problem is how Komnas Perempuan's organizational communication is in addressing the resolution of cases of sexual harassment by X baristas. Based on the theoretical study, this research has used organizational communication theory, public relations, and Komnas Perempuan. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods through case studies by collecting data in the form of interviews, documentation, and literature study. The results of this study, Komnas Perempuan conducted internal communication by suggesting X to restore a safe space and external communication by responding to journalists through groups on instant messaging applications by maintaining a code of ethics to protect victims.Pelecehan seksual kepada kaum perempuan kerap terjadi di Indonesia dan meresahkan masyarakat. Berdasarkan Catatan Tahunan Komnas Perempuan tahun 2016 terdapat 16.217 kasus pelecehan seksual yang berhasil didokumentasikan. Seiring perkembangan zaman, pelecehan seksual merambah ke ranah digital. Salah satu kasus pelecehan seksual di dunia maya terjadi pada tahun 2020 dilakukan oleh barista kafe X. Pegawai tersebut menggunakan kamera pengawas untuk mengintip payudara pelanggan perempuan dan menyebarkan melalui media sosial. Berdasarkan kasus tersebut, Komnas Perempuan melakukan komunikasi organisasi dengan menyatakan tindakan mantan pegawai kafe X tersebut termasuk pelecehan seksual dengan bentuk kekerasan, dengan cara mempertontonkan secara verbal tubuh perempuan tanpa persetujuan. Rumusan masalah penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana komunikasi organisasi Komnas Perempuan dalam menyikapi penyelesaian kasus pelecehan seksual barista X. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskripsif kualitatif melalui studi kasus dengan mengumpulkan data berupa wawancara, dokumentasi, dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Komnas Perempuan melakukan komunikasi internal dengan menyarankan perusahaan atau kafe X mengembalikan ruang aman pada pelanggan. Komunikasi eksternal dilakukan dengan memberikan tanggapan kepada wartawan melalui grup pada aplikasi pesan instan. Tanggapan tersebut diberikan dengan tetap menjaga kode etik untuk melindungi korban.

scholarly journals Is The Constitutional And Legal Recognition Of Traditional Community Laws Within The Multicultural Country Of Indonesia A Genuine Or Pseudo Recognition?

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Nurjaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
State Law ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Unity In Diversity ◽  
Cultural Power ◽  
The Government ◽  
Law And Legislation ◽  
And Control

Indonesia is well known amongst Southeast Asian countries for it multi- cultural identity in terms of ethnicity, religion, race and social stratification. Indonesia embodies its motto of Unity in Diversity, which refers to the culturally rich configuration of Indonesia, containing cultural capital and cultural power. However, cultural diversity also yields conflict due to inter-ethnic and inter- religious disputes that have the potential to generate social disintegration and even threaten the fragmentation of  Indonesia as a Nation  State.  In the eyes    of legal anthropologists, sources of conflict are often based on discriminatory policies expressed within the State’s law and legislation with regard to the recognition and protection of local communities across the country, namely ‘adat’ communities practising traditional, customary law, known as ‘adat’. Thus, State laws enacted and enforced by the Government tend to dominate and marginalise, even ignore the rights of  the local communities, particularly regarding access   to and control over natural resources, which is otherwise governed by the adat law of the region. This paper attempts to offer an answer to the fundamental question of whether the 1945 Constitution recognises and protects the traditional communities and their adat laws by employing a legal anthropological approach, with the purpose of obtaining a better understanding of development of State law in a multicultural Nation and looking towards a more just and equitable Indonesian State law.

scholarly journals PIDANA MATI BAGI PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI MENURUT SISTEM HUKUM DI INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Muhammad Afdhal Askar
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Religious Law ◽  
The Republic

The development of Corruption Crimes has a widespread adverse impact on the lives of Indonesian people life. To stop this, it is needed to be taken a variety of extraordinary efforts including by implementing capital punishment for perpetrators, especially related to criminal acts of corruption that concern to many people that occur when the country is in danger. Even so, not all people agree with the application of capital punishment because it is considered to be conflict with Human Rights, the Constitution of the Republic Indonesia and Pancasila. To analyze these legal issues, various efforts can be taken such as seeing the meaning of the nature of human rights in the perspective of national and international law, interpreting legal norms using appropriate interpretation methods and seeing the existence of capital punishment in the perspective of religious law and customary law. Writing in this study uses a normative juridical approach with the type of data in the form of secondary data which comes from primary legal material and secondary legal material. The writing is done descriptively.

scholarly journals MEMBACA PERKAWINAN MASYARAKAT ISLAM SASAK DARI PERSPEKTIF INTERLEGALITAS HUKUM

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Murdan Murdan
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
State Law ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
Social Contracts ◽  
Religious Law ◽  
Tribal Societies

This paper will discuss the side of the interlegality and interlaw among customary law, religious law and state law in tribal societies in Indonesia, which is focused on the marriage of Sasak people. As an Indonesian local community, the Sasak community has their own local laws in undergoing interactions and social contracts between each other, especially in matters of marriage. Along with the embrace of Islam by the Sasak community, the Islamic law also contributes in decorate every process of the marriage. In addition to the existence of customary law and Islamic law that adorn the marriage of the Sasak community, there is also a modern legal tradition, namely state law. As part of the Indonesian society, the Sasak people cannot escape the great influx of modern legal tradition or national law positivism, which is directly echoed by the state. Departing from this illustration, the discussion in this paper includes: the interlegality between Sasak customary law and religious law (Islamic law); the interlegality between Sasak customary law and state law; and the last is the interlegality among Sasak customary law (local legal order), religious law (Islamic law/Islamic legal order), and state law (state legal order).Tulisan ini akan membahas sisiinterlegalistikantara hukum adat, hukum agama dan hukum negara pada masyarakat kesukuan di Indonesia, yang difokuskan pada perkawinan masyarakat suku Sasak. Sebagai masyarakat lokal Indonesia, masyarakat Sasak memiliki hukum lokal sendiri dalam menjalani intraksi dan kontrak sosial antara satu sama lain, khususnya dalam persoalan perkawinan. Seiring dengan dipeluknya agama Islam oleh masyarakat Sasak, maka hukum Islam pun memberi andil dalam menghiasi setiap proses-proses perkawinan itu. Selain keberadaan hukum adat dan hukum Islam yang menghiasi perkawinan masyarakat Sasak, terdapat juga tradisi hukum modern, yakni hukum negara. Sebagai bagian dari masyarakat Indonesia, masyarakat Sasak tidak bisa melepaskan diri dari arus besar legisme atau positifisme hukum nasional, yang secara langsung digaungkan oleh negara. Berangkat dari ilustasi ini, maka pembahasan dalam tulisan ini meliputi: interlegalistik antara hukum perkawinan adat Sasak dan hukum agama (Hukum Islam); interlegalistik antara hukum perkawinan adat Sasak dan hukum negara; dan terakhir adalah interlegalistik antara hukum perkawinan adat Sasak, hukum agama (hukum Islam), dan hukum negara.

Legal Pluralism Explained

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Z. Tamanaha
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Legal Anthropology ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Law And Development ◽  
Indigenous Law ◽  
Transnational Law ◽  
Religious Law

Legal pluralism involves the coexistence of multiple forms of law. This includes state law, international law, transnational law, customary law, religious law, indigenous law, and the law of distinct ethnic or cultural communities. Legal pluralism is a subject of discussion today in legal anthropology, legal sociology, legal history, comparative law, international law, transnational law, jurisprudence, and law and development scholarship. This book places legal pluralism in historical context going back to the Medieval period, describes the origins of legal pluralism in postcolonial countries and its implications today, identifies manifestations of legal pluralism within Western societies, discusses contemporary transnational legal pluralism, identifies problems with current theoretical accounts of legal pluralism, and articulates an approach to legal pluralism that avoids theoretical problems and is useful for social scientists, theorists, and law and development scholars and practitioners.

Religion, Law and the Family

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-356
Author(s):  
Layla Wilkie-Buckley
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Law School ◽  
State Law ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Vast Array ◽  
Religious Law ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Law

On 11 and 12 March, an international and interdisciplinary conference was held at Cardiff Law School to mark the tenth anniversary of the foundation of its Centre for Law and Religion. Eleven professors, all of whom are leading scholars with international reputations in this field, addressed the changing understandings of the family in international law, state law and religious law. The papers given provided a clear illustration of the vast array of areas in which law, religion and the family interplay and affect each other through the application of the law, such as legislative developments concerning same-sex relationships, biomedicine and religious reservations, and developments that illustrate a changing understanding of what constitutes a family.

scholarly journals PLURALISME HUKUM PERKAWINAN DI TAPANULI SELATAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Ikhwanuddin Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
State Law ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
The South ◽  
Religious Law ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Marital Law

<p><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Pluralisme hukum merupakan fenomena universal yang dialami oleh semua bangsa. Ia mencakup berbagai aspek kehidupan manusia seperti hukum, politik, dan ekonomi. Pluralisme hukum adalah keniscayaan yang harus diterima. Dalam bingkai pluralisme hukum, masyarakat dihadapkan pada berbagai pilihan hukum, yaitu hukum adat, hukum agama dan hukum negara, tidak terkecuali masyarakat Tapanuli Selatan Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Masyarakat di daerah ini juga mengalami pluralisme hukum dalam bidang perkawinan. Paling tidak, tiga sistem hukum bisa menjadi pilihan mereka atau bahkan dengan melakukan kombinasi antar hukum yang ada. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif fenomenologis untuk melihat bentuk relasi antar hukum yang hidup di tengah-tengah masyarakat Tapanuli Selatan. Temuan penelitian ini mendeskripsikan bahwa pada level tertentu, secara umum, keragaman hukum perkawinan merupakan sebuah harmonisasi, di mana masyarakat menggunakan dua sistem hukum bahkan lebih pada saat yang bersamaan. Namun ada kalanya pada situasi tertentu, keragaman hukum ini berubah menjadi “ketegangan”.</p><p><strong>Abstract:</strong> Legal Pluralism on Marriage in South Tapanuli. Legal pluralism is an universal phenomenon experienced by all nations. He covers various aspects of human life, such as law, politics and economics. Legal pluralism is a necessity that must be accepted. In the framework of legal pluralism, people are faced with a variety of legal choices, namely customary law, religious law and state law. No exception is the South Tapanuli community of North Sumatra Province. Communities in this area also experience legal pluralism in the field of marriage. At least, there are three legal systems that can be choosed or by combining existing laws. This research was conducted with a phenomenological qualitative approach to see the form of inter-legal relations that lived in the midst of the community of South Tapanuli. The findings of this study describe that at a certain level, in general, the diversity of marital law is a harmonization, in which people use two legal systems even more at the same time. But sometimes in certain situations, the legal pluralism turns into “tension”.</p><p><strong>Kata Kunci:</strong> pluralisme hukum, perkawinan, Mandailing, Tapanuli Selatan</p>

scholarly journals Law Making Treaties: The Implication of International Law towards Indonesia’s Legislations

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-210
Author(s):  
Rudi Natamiharja ◽  
Rudy Rudy ◽  
Chaidir Ali
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Outermost Layer ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Religious Law ◽  
International Laws ◽  
Law Making

In relation to promoting global issues in international forums, several sources of international law are formed. These formed laws are in the figure of law-making treaties, which are closely related to international regimes that influence the behavior of international actors. However, in developing countries, such as Indonesia, International law is considered the outermost layer of the legal order under national law, colonial law, religious law, and customary law. Thus, it is a challenge for international laws to be enforced in a broad society. Therefore to make international law hold an implementative power, the laws need to be adopted in the national law. This article aims to examine the implication of international laws, especially in international treaties towards Indonesia legislation. It is carried out by mapping a series of international treaties ratified and enacted through national laws in Indonesia. The results of this study demonstrates that until 2019 the Indonesian Government has bound itself in 302 agreements. From the 302 treaties, only 61 international treaties were Law-Making Treaty, and only UNCLOS 1982 has implicated by the Indonesian Government through Law No. 32 of 2014 concerning Maritime Law.

scholarly journals The Legality of Marriage According to Customary, Religion and State Laws: Impacts on Married Couples and Children in Manggarai

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
Yohanes S Lon
Keyword(s):  
Married Couples ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
State Law ◽  
Marriage Law ◽  
Cultural Community ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Religious Law ◽  
Legal Uncertainty ◽  
Religion And State

This study explores the complexity of marriage for people in Manggarai. Since they are citizens of the cultural community of Manggarai, Indonesian citizens, and members of a Catholic community, their marriage is required to follow the provisions of customary law, religious law, and state law. Using a library and ethnographic approaches, the study compares these laws on the legality of marriage and analyzes their differences and the impacts on the rights and obligations of married couples and children born to the couple. The study discovered that the differences in the provisions regarding the validity of a marriage between the three laws have provided space for the emergence of legal uncertainty and discriminatory treatment of customary marriages which are not legalized by religious law and state law as well as marriages that are divorced civilly but are still valid according to Catholic rules. Such a phenomenon is certainly a portrait of failure or incompetence in the attempt to unify marriage law in Indonesia through Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. So it is urgent to have a more comprehensive new law that accommodates the wisdom of local customary law and provides protection for every citizen

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